Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

23,158,026 views ・ 2007-01-07

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Aleksandra Kostic Lektor: Nenad Bozinovic
00:27
Good morning. How are you?
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Dobro jutro.
Kako ste?
00:29
(Audience) Good.
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(Publika) Dobro.
00:31
It's been great, hasn't it?
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Ovo je sjajno, zar ne?
00:33
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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Mene je sve ovo raspametilo.
00:35
In fact, I'm leaving.
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U stvari, odlazim.
00:37
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:43
There have been three themes running through the conference,
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Tri teme se provlače kroz ovu konferenciju,
00:46
which are relevant to what I want to talk about.
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a povezane su sa onim o čemu želim da pričam.
00:48
One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
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Jedna od njih je neverovatna ljudska kreativnost
00:53
in all of the presentations that we've had
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prisutna u svim prezentacijama koje smo čuli
00:55
and in all of the people here;
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i u svim osobama ovde.
00:57
just the variety of it and the range of it.
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Raznolikost te kreativnosti i njen opseg.
01:01
The second is that it's put us in a place
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Drugo, ona nas je dovela do toga
01:03
where we have no idea what's going to happen
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da nemamo pojma šta će se desiti u budućnosti.
01:05
in terms of the future.
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01:07
No idea how this may play out.
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Nemamo pojma kako će se sve ovo odviti.
01:10
I have an interest in education.
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Mene interesuje obrazovanje.
01:11
Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.
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Zapravo, smatram da obrazovanje interesuje svakoga.
01:16
Don't you?
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Ne mislite li tako?
01:17
I find this very interesting.
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To mi je vrlo zanimljivo.
Ako ste na zabavi
01:19
If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --
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i kažete da radite u prosveti...
01:23
actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
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Zapravo, ne idete često na zabave.
01:25
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:29
If you work in education, you're not asked.
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Ako radite u prosveti,
niste pozvani.
01:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:35
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
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I začudo nikad vas ne pozivaju ponovo, to mi je veoma čudno.
01:39
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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Ali ako odete na zabavu
i neko vas pita: "Čime se bavite?"
01:41
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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i odgovorite da radite u prosveti,
01:43
and you say you work in education,
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vidite kako im lice prebledi.
01:45
you can see the blood run from their face.
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Sigurno misle: "O, bože, zašto baš ja?"
01:47
They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
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01:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:51
"My one night out all week."
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"Moj jedini slobodan dan u nedelji."
01:52
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:55
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,
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Ali ako ih pitate za njihovo obrazovanje, neće vas pustiti na miru.
01:58
because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?
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Jer, to je jedna od stvari koje su duboko u ljudima.
Jesam li u pravu?
02:02
Like religion and money and other things.
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Kao religija, novac i druge stvari.
02:05
So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
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Mene obrazovanje veoma interesuje, a mislim i sve nas.
02:10
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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Svi mi imamo ogroman lični interes za obrazovanje,
02:11
partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future
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delom zbog toga što upravo obrazovanje
treba da nas odvede u tu budućnost koju ne možemo da nazremo.
02:15
that we can't grasp.
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02:16
If you think of it,
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Razmislite - deca koja ove godine kreću u školu
02:18
children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.
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penzionisaće se 2065.
02:25
Nobody has a clue,
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Niko nema predstavu,
02:26
despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,
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uprkos svim stručnim mišljenjima iznetim ovde tokom protekla četiri dana,
02:30
what the world will look like in five years' time.
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kako će svet izgledati za pet godina.
I pored toga, trebalo bi da ih obrazujemo za taj svet.
02:33
And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.
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02:35
So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
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Stoga, mislim da je nepredvidivost neverovatna.
02:37
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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I treće je činjenica,
oko koje se svi ipak slažemo,
02:41
on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --
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da deca poseduju neverovatne kapacitete.
02:46
their capacities for innovation.
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Inovativne kapacitete.
02:49
I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?
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Serena sinoć je bila pravo čudo, zar ne?
02:51
Just seeing what she could do.
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Kad samo vidimo šta sve ume.
02:53
And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
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Ona jeste posebna,
ali mislim da nije posebna u čitavom detinjstvu.
02:59
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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03:02
What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
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Ona je osoba izuzetne posvećenosti koja je otkrila svoj talenat.
03:04
who found a talent.
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Ja smatram da sva deca imaju neverovatne talente.
03:06
And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,
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A mi ih traćimo i to vrlo nemilosrdno.
03:08
and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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03:11
So I want to talk about education,
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Želim da pričam o obrazovanju
03:13
and I want to talk about creativity.
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i želim da pričam o kreativnosti.
03:14
My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
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Smatram da je kreativnost u obrazovanju podjednako važna kao i pismenost,
03:21
and we should treat it with the same status.
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i trebalo bi da joj damo isti status.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
03:24
Thank you.
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03:26
(Applause)
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03:30
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
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E pa, to bi bilo sve.
Najlepše vam hvala.
03:32
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:34
So, 15 minutes left.
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Dakle, još 15 minuta.
03:36
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:39
"Well, I was born ... "
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Pa, ja sam rođen... ne.
03:41
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:45
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
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Nedavno sam čuo fantastičnu priču - i obožavam da je pričam -
03:47
of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.
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o devojčici na času likovnog.
03:50
She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,
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Ima šest godina i sedela je u pozadini i crtala.
03:52
and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,
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Učiteljica je rekla da ona gotovo nikad nije obraćala pažnju,
03:55
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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sem na času likovnog.
03:56
The teacher was fascinated.
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Učiteljica je bila fascinirana njome,
03:58
She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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prišla joj je i upitala: "Šta to crtaš?"
Devojčica je odgovorila: "Crtam sliku boga."
04:01
And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
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04:04
And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
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Učiteljica je onda rekla: "Ali niko ne zna kako bog izgleda."
04:07
And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
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I devojčica odgovori: "Sad će da saznaju."
04:10
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:21
When my son was four in England --
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Kad je moj sin imao četiri godine u Engleskoj...
04:24
actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
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U stvari, iskreno, svuda je imao četiri godine.
04:26
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:28
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
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Kuda god da je išao te godine, imao je četiri godine.
04:31
He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
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Glumio je u komadu o rođenju Isusovom.
Sećate li se te priče?
04:34
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:35
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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Veoma je poznata.
04:37
Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
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Mel Gibson je snimio drugi deo, možda ste ga gledali.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:41
"Nativity II."
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"Rođenje Isusovo II".
04:42
But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.
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Džejms je dobio ulogu Josifa.
Svi smo bili jako uzbuđeni.
04:46
We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
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Smatrali smo ovu ulogu jednom od glavnih.
04:49
We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
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Našu kuću su preplavili agenti u majicama s natpisom:
"Džejms Robinson jeste Josif!"
04:52
"James Robinson IS Joseph!"
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04:53
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:54
He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?
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Nije morao ništa da priča,
ali znate onaj deo kada dolaze tri mudraca?
04:58
They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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Sa sobom nose poklone.
Donose zlato, tamjan i smirnu.
05:00
This really happened.
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Ovo se zaista desilo.
05:02
We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,
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Sedeli smo tamo i mislim da su pomešali red izlaska na scenu,
05:05
because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,
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jer smo ga pitali posle toga:
"Je l' tebi to OK?"
05:07
"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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On reče: "Da. Jesam pogrešio?"
Jednostavno su se zamenili, to je to.
05:10
They just switched.
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05:11
The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.
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Uglavnom, tri dečaka su došla,
četvorogodišnjaci sa peškirima na glavama,
05:15
They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
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spustili su kutije na zemlju
i prvi dečak je rekao: "Ja ti donosim zlato."
05:18
And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."
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Drugi je rekao: "Ja ti donosim smirnu."
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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A treći je rekao: "Frenk ti šalje ovo."
05:22
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:35
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
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Ovim stvarima je zajedničko to što će deca pokušati.
05:38
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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Ako ne znaju nešto, probaće.
05:42
Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
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Nisam li u pravu?
Deca se ne plaše da pogreše.
05:45
I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
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Ne želim da kažem da je pogrešiti isto što i biti kreativan.
05:49
What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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Ali znam da,
ako nisi spreman da pogrešiš,
nikad nećeš smisliti ništa originalno.
05:53
you'll never come up with anything original --
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05:55
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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Ako nisi spreman da pogrešiš.
05:57
And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.
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Dok odrastu, većina dece izgubi tu sposobnost.
06:02
They have become frightened of being wrong.
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Plaše se da ne pogreše nešto.
06:04
And we run our companies like this.
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A mi ovako upravljamo kompanijama.
06:06
We stigmatize mistakes.
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Osuđujemo greške.
06:08
And we're now running national education systems
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I u našem državnom obrazovnom sistemu
06:10
where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
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pogrešiti je najgora stvar koju možeš da uradiš.
06:13
And the result is that we are educating people
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I kao rezultat toga,
mi obrazujemo ljude da izgube svoje kreativne sposobnosti.
06:16
out of their creative capacities.
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06:19
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.
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Pikaso je jednom rekao da su sva deca rođeni umetnici.
06:23
The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.
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Problem je ostati umetnik kroz odrastanje.
06:26
I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,
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Ja žarko verujem u sledeće: mi ne razvijamo kreativnost,
06:30
we grow out of it.
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nego je postepeno gubimo.
06:31
Or rather, we get educated out of it.
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Ili, obrazovaćemo se da budemo nekreativni.
06:34
So why is this?
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Zašto je to tako?
06:37
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
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Do pre pet godina sam živeo u Stratfordu na Avonu.
06:39
In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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Iz Stratforda smo se preselili u Los Anđeles.
06:42
So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
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Možete misliti kako je to glatka tranzicija bila.
06:45
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:47
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
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U stvari, živeli smo u mestu zvanom Sniterfild,
06:49
just outside Stratford,
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nedaleko od Stratforda, gde je rođen Šekspirov otac.
06:50
which is where Shakespeare's father was born.
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06:53
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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Da li vam neverovatna misao prolazi kroz glavu? Meni da.
06:55
You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
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Ne možete da zamislite da je Šekspir imao oca, zar ne?
06:58
Do you?
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06:59
Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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Zato što ne možete da zamislite Šekspira kao dete.
Šekspira kao sedmogodišnjaka.
07:02
Shakespeare being seven?
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07:03
I never thought of it.
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Nikad mi to nije palo na pamet.
07:04
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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Jednom je morao imati sedam godina i biti na času engleskog.
07:06
He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
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07:08
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:15
How annoying would that be?
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Kako bi to bilo iritirajuće.
07:17
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:24
"Must try harder."
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"Mora malo više da se potrudi."
07:26
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:30
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"
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Otac ga šalje u krevet...
"Šekspire, na spavanje. Sad!"
07:33
To William Shakespeare.
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Vilijamu Šekspiru.
07:34
"And put the pencil down!"
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"I ostavi tu olovku.
07:36
(Laughter)
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I prestani da pričaš tako."
07:37
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:38
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:42
"It's confusing everybody."
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"Sve nas zbunjuje."
07:43
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
07:48
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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Nego...
Iz Stratforda smo se preselili u Los Anđeles.
07:54
and I just want to say a word about the transition.
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Hteo bih da kažem koju reč o preseljenju.
07:56
Actually, my son didn't want to come.
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Moj sin nije želeo da ide.
Imam dvoje dece.
07:58
I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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Sin sad ima 21 godinu, a ćerka 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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Nije želeo da se preseli u Los Anđeles.
08:03
He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.
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Grad mu se dopadao, ali je imao devojku u Engleskoj.
08:06
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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To je bila ljubav njegovog života.
08:09
He'd known her for a month.
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Sara.
Znali su se mesec dana.
08:11
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:12
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
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Molim te, proslavili su četvrtu nedelju zajedno.
Jer, to je dosta vremena kad ti je 16.
08:15
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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08:17
He was really upset on the plane.
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Bio je jako uzrujan u avionu,
08:19
He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
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i rekao je: "Nikad više neću naći devojku kao Sara."
08:21
And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
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Iskreno, mi smo bili prilično zadovoljni tom pomisli.
08:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:32
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
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Ona je bila glavni razlog što odlazimo iz zemlje.
08:35
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:41
But something strikes you when you move to America
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Jedna stvar koja vas zapanji kad se preselite u Ameriku
08:43
and travel around the world:
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i kada putujete po svetu.
08:44
every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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Svaki obrazovni sistem na Zemlji ima istu hijerarhiju školskih predmeta.
08:48
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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Svaki. Kuda god da odete.
Pomislili biste da je drugačije, ali nije.
08:50
You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
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08:52
At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.
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Na vrhu su matematika i jezici,
zatim društvene nauke i na dnu su umetnosti.
08:55
At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.
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Svuda na Zemlji.
I u svakom sistemu, takođe postoji hijerarhija umetnosti.
08:58
And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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09:02
Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
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Likovno i muzičko obično imaju viši status u školama
09:05
than drama and dance.
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nego gluma i ples.
09:06
There isn't an education system on the planet
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Na ovoj planeti ne postoji obrazovni sistem
09:08
that teaches dance every day to children
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u kome deca svakodnevno uče da plešu
09:10
the way we teach them mathematics.
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kao što uče matematiku.
09:12
Why?
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Zašto?
09:13
Why not?
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Zašto ne?
09:14
I think this is rather important.
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Ja mislim da je to vrlo važno.
09:16
I think math is very important, but so is dance.
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Mislim da je matematika vrlo bitna, ali je i ples.
09:18
Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
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Deca igraju sve vreme ako im dozvolite, svi to radimo.
09:21
We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
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Svi mi imamo tela, zar ne?
Da nisam propustio neki sastanak?
09:24
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
09:27
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,
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Šta se zapravo dešava?
Kako deca odrastaju, mi ih obrazujemo od struka naviše.
09:29
we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.
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09:32
And then we focus on their heads.
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A onda se fokusiramo na njihove glave.
09:34
And slightly to one side.
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I to naginjući blago ka jednoj strani.
09:37
If you were to visit education as an alien
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Ako biste kao vanzemaljac posetili obrazovni sistem
09:39
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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i pitali: "Čemu služi obrazovanje?"
09:42
I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,
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Morali biste da zaključite da,
ako pogledate ko zapravo dobija nešto time,
09:44
who really succeeds by this,
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ko radi sve ono što treba da se odradi,
09:46
who does everything they should,
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1700
ko dobija sve pozitivne poene, ko su pobednici...
09:48
who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
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2731
09:50
I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
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Morali biste da zaključite da je cela svrha obrazovanja,
širom sveta,
09:54
throughout the world
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stvaranje fakultetskih profesora.
09:55
is to produce university professors.
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595239
1979
09:57
Isn't it?
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1168
Nije li tako?
09:58
They're the people who come out the top.
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1984
Oni su ti koji su na vrhu.
10:00
And I used to be one, so there.
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1819
Ja sam bio jedan od njih, pa eto ti sad.
10:02
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
10:06
And I like university professors,
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1600
Meni su profesori dragi,
ali ne treba da ih smatramo vrhuncem ljudskog dostignuća.
10:08
but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up
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1915
10:10
as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
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2931
Oni su samo jedan oblik života.
10:13
They're just a form of life.
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10:15
Another form of life.
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Samo još jedan oblik života.
10:16
But they're rather curious.
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1397
Ali su prilično zanimljivi.
10:18
And I say this out of affection for them:
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618005
1964
I to kažem od milja prema njima.
10:19
there's something curious about professors.
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2075
Iz mog iskustva, ima nečeg interesantnog u vezi sa njima.
10:22
In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
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Naravno ne svi, ali najčešće, oni žive u svojim glavama.
Oni žive tamo gore i to blago na jednoj strani.
10:25
They live up there and slightly to one side.
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10:28
They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
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Bukvalno rečeno, oni su odvojeni od svojih tela.
10:31
They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
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Oni smatraju da su im tela
prevozno sredstvo za njihove glave.
10:35
(Laughter)
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6047
(Smeh)
10:41
Don't they?
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1377
Zar ne?
10:42
It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
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Oni tako prevoze svoje glave na sastanke.
10:44
(Laughter)
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5228
(Smeh)
10:50
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,
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3922
Ako želite pravi dokaz bestelesnog iskustva,
10:53
get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics
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3475
idite na konferenciju akademskih profesora
10:57
and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
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2351
i onda poslednje veče banite u diskoteku.
10:59
(Laughter)
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2612
(Smeh)
11:02
And there, you will see it.
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1356
I tamo ćete videti, odrasle muškarce i žene
11:03
Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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4493
kako se nekotrolisao mlate bez imalo ritma.
11:08
(Laughter)
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2492
(Smeh)
11:10
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
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3325
Čekajući kraj da odu kući i napišu naučni rad o tome.
(Smeh)
11:14
(Laughter)
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674240
1981
11:16
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
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3861
Naš obrazovni sistem počiva na ideji akademske sposobnosti.
11:20
And there's a reason.
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Razlog za to postoji.
11:21
Around the world, there were no public systems of education,
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3629
Širom sveta, nije postojao državni sistem obrazovanja pre 19. veka.
11:24
really, before the 19th century.
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2107
11:27
They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.
242
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3247
Svi su oni stvoreni kako bi zadovoljili potrebe industrijalizma.
11:30
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
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2052
A hijerarhija je zasnovana na dvema idejama.
11:32
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.
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4562
Prvo, predmeti koji su najkorisniji za posao su na vrhu.
11:37
So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school
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3033
Tako da su vas možda dobronamerno odvratili
od stvari koje ste voleli u školi kao dete,
11:40
when you were a kid,
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1152
11:41
things you liked,
247
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1153
iz tog razloga što se time nikada nećete baviti.
11:42
on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.
248
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2442
11:44
Is that right?
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1151
Nije li tako?
Mani se muzike, nećeš biti muzičar,
11:46
"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
250
706093
2412
mani se umetnosti, nećeš biti umetnik.
11:48
don't do art, you won't be an artist."
251
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1851
Dobronameran savet - ali sada poptuno pogrešan.
11:50
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
252
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2746
11:53
The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
253
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2145
Ceo svet je zahvaćen revolucijom.
11:55
And the second is academic ability,
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2097
Druga je ideja akademska sposobnost,
11:57
which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,
255
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2819
koja je ovladala našim shvatanjem inteligencije
jer su univerziteti kreirali sistem prema sebi.
12:00
because the universities design the system in their image.
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2739
Ako porazmislite,
12:03
If you think of it,
257
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1151
12:04
the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process
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3664
čitav sistem javnog obrazovanja širom sveta je razvučen poces
12:07
of university entrance.
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1151
prijema na fakultet.
I kao posledica toga, mnogi veoma talentovani,
12:09
And the consequence is that many highly talented,
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2293
brilijantni, kreativni ljudi misle da to nisu,
12:11
brilliant, creative people think they're not,
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2518
12:13
because the thing they were good at at school
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2133
jer ono u čemu su bili dobri u školi
nije bilo cenjeno ili je čak žigosano.
12:16
wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
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2302
12:18
And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
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2229
Ne možemo da dozvolimo da nastavimo ovako.
12:20
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
265
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2287
Kako navodi UNESCO, u narednih 30 godina,
12:23
more people worldwide will be graduating through education
266
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3406
više ljudi širom sveta će diplomirati na fakultetima
12:26
than since the beginning of history.
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2195
nego što je od početka istorije obrazovanja.
12:28
More people.
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1157
Više ljudi.
12:29
And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:
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2921
A to je kombinacija svega o čemu smo pričali -
12:32
technology and its transformational effect on work,
270
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2393
tehnologije i njenog transformativnog uticaja na poslove,
i demografije i ogromnog porasta u populaciji.
12:35
and demography and the huge explosion in population.
271
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2478
12:37
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
272
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2437
Odjednom, diplome više ne vrede ništa.
12:40
Isn't that true?
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1677
Nije li tako?
12:41
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
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2981
Kada sam ja bio student, ako imaš diplomu, imaš posao.
12:44
If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.
275
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2798
Ako nemaš posao, to je zato što ne želiš da ga imaš.
12:47
And I didn't want one, frankly.
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2334
I iskreno rečeno, ja ga nisam želeo.
(Smeh)
12:50
(Laughter)
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1591
12:51
But now kids with degrees are often heading home
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3805
Ali sada, deca sa diplomama često idu kućama da i dalje igraju video igre,
12:55
to carry on playing video games,
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1794
12:57
because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
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3048
jer ti treba master za posao koji je pre zathevao diplomu,
13:00
and now you need a PhD for the other.
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1787
a za ovaj drugi ti sad treba doktorat.
13:02
It's a process of academic inflation.
282
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1776
To je proces akademske inflacije.
I pokazuje da nam se čitava struktura obrazovanja potresa pod nogama.
13:04
And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.
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13:07
We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
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2542
Moramo radikalno da promenimo naše shvatanje inteligencije.
O inteligenciji znamo tri stvari.
13:10
We know three things about intelligence.
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1924
Prvo, ima je više vrsta.
13:12
One, it's diverse.
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1151
O svetu razmišljamo na sve načine na koje ga i doživljavamo.
13:13
We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.
287
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2981
Razmišljamo vizuelno,
13:16
We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
288
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2977
razmišljamo slušajući i razmišljamo kinestetički.
13:19
We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
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2321
Razmišljamo na apstraktan način, razmišljamo krećući se.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
290
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1996
Drugo, inteligencija je dinamična.
13:24
If you look at the interactions of a human brain,
291
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2303
Ako pogledate interakcije ljudskog mozga,
kao što smo čuli juče u mnogim prezentacijama,
13:27
as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,
292
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3023
13:30
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
293
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2158
inteligencija je neverovatno interaktivna.
13:32
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
294
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2238
Mozak nije podeljen na odeljke.
13:34
In fact, creativity --
295
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1574
Zapravo, kreativnost,
13:36
which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --
296
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4020
koju ja definišem kao proces stvaranja originalnih ideja koje imaju vrednost,
13:40
more often than not comes about
297
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1930
često nastaje putem interakcije
13:42
through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
298
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3557
različitih načina sagledavanja stvari.
13:47
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,
299
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3631
Uzgred, postoji snop nerava koji povezuje moždane hemisfere
13:51
called the corpus callosum.
300
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1298
i zove se korpus kalosum.
13:52
It's thicker in women.
301
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1221
Deblji je kod žena.
13:54
Following off from Helen yesterday,
302
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1723
Da se nadovežem na Helenin govor od juče,
13:56
this is probably why women are better at multitasking.
303
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3011
to je verovatno razlog
zašto su žene bolje u multitaskingu.
13:59
Because you are, aren't you?
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1825
Vi zaista jeste bolje u tome, zar ne?
14:01
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
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3334
Postoje mnoga istraživanja, ali ja to znam iz ličnog iskustva.
14:04
If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...
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2935
Kada moja žena sprema ručak,
što se ne dešava često...
14:09
thankfully.
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1166
hvala bogu.
14:10
(Laughter)
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2690
(Smeh)
14:13
No, she's good at some things.
309
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1452
Ne, neke stvari joj idu od ruke.
14:14
But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,
310
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2895
Ali ako sprema ručak,
ona takođe razgovara preko telefona,
14:17
she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
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2647
priča sa decom, kreči plafon -
(Smeh)
14:20
(Laughter)
312
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1015
izvodu operaciju na otvorenom srcu.
14:21
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
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2025
14:23
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
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2998
Kada ja spremam ručak, vrata su zatvorena, deca su napolju,
14:26
the phone's on the hook,
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1239
telefon je ugašen, ako ona uđe ja se iznerviram.
14:27
if she comes in, I get annoyed.
316
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1690
14:29
I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
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2790
Kažem: "Teri, molim te, pokušavam da ispržim jaje."
(Smeh)
14:32
(Laughter)
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6730
14:39
"Give me a break."
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1200
"Ostavi me."
14:40
(Laughter)
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1720
(Smeh)
14:42
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,
321
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2499
Znate ono staro filozofsko pitanje:
14:44
"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"
322
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3483
ako drvo padne u šumi i niko to ne čuje,
da li se to zaista desilo?
14:48
Remember that old chestnut?
323
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1329
Sećate li se tog starog kestena?
14:49
I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,
324
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2910
Nedavno sam video super majicu sa natpisom:
14:52
"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,
325
892539
3437
"Ako čovek u šumi kaže naglas šta misli i nijedna žena ga ne čuje,
da li i dalje nije u pravu?"
14:56
is he still wrong?"
326
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1396
14:57
(Laughter)
327
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5606
(Smeh)
15:05
And the third thing about intelligence is,
328
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2039
I treća stvar u vezi sa inteligencijom je njena posebnost.
15:07
it's distinct.
329
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1369
15:09
I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"
330
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2504
Trenutno radim na novoj knjizi koja se zove "Otkrovenje"
15:11
which is based on a series of interviews with people
331
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2441
i zasnovana je na seriji razgovora sa ljudima
o tome kako su otkrili svoje talente.
15:14
about how they discovered their talent.
332
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1864
15:15
I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
333
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2121
Fasciniran sam time.
Knjiga je inspirisana razgovorom
15:18
It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman
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3191
sa jednom divnom ženom za koju verovatno većina nikad nije čula.
15:21
who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
335
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2677
Zove se Džilijan Lin.
Da li ste čuli za nju?
15:24
Have you heard of her? Some have.
336
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1596
15:25
She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.
337
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2452
Neki jesu.
Ona je koreograf i svi znaju njen rad.
15:28
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
338
928152
2016
Radila je "Mačke" i "Fantom u operi".
15:30
She's wonderful.
339
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1151
Divna je.
15:31
I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
340
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2947
Ja sam bio u odboru Kraljevskog baleta u Engleskoj,
kao što možete videti.
15:34
(Laughter)
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1929
(Smeh)
15:36
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"
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3525
Jednom smo ručali zajedno i upitao sam je kako je postala plesačica.
15:39
It was interesting.
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1151
Rekla mi je da je to bilo vrlo interesantno.
15:41
When she was at school, she was really hopeless.
344
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2247
U školi je bila beznadežan slučaj.
15:43
And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,
345
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2789
Škola je, tridesetih, poslala pismo njenim roditeljima
"Mislimo da Džilijan ima problema s učenjem."
15:46
"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."
346
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2035
15:48
She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.
347
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2098
Nije mogla da se koncentriše, stalno se vrpoljila.
15:50
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
348
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1877
Mislim da bi joj danas rekli da ima hiperkinetički poremećaj.
15:52
Wouldn't you?
349
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1299
15:53
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
350
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4177
Ali to su bile 1930-te,
i hiperkinetički poremećaj još nije bio izmišljen.
15:57
It wasn't an available condition.
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2040
To nije bila moguća dijagnoza.
15:59
(Laughter)
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3215
(Smeh)
Ljudi nisu znali da to mogu da imaju.
16:03
People weren't aware they could have that.
353
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2042
(Smeh)
16:05
(Laughter)
354
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2425
16:07
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
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Odveli su je da porazgovara sa specijalistom.
16:11
So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,
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Hrastovinom obložena prostorija, otišla je tamo s majkom,
uveli su je i rekli joj da sedne na stolicu.
16:15
and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
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16:17
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,
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1945
Sedela je na svojim rukama 20 minuta
16:19
while this man talked to her mother
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dok je taj čovek razgovarao s njenom majkom
16:21
about all the problems Gillian was having at school,
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o problemima koje je Džilijan imala u školi.
16:23
because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.
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Kako je ometala ostale đake, kako joj je domaći uvek kasnio, itd.
16:27
Little kid of eight.
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Dete od osam godina.
16:28
In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,
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Na kraju, doktor je seo kraj Džilijan i rekao:
16:31
"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.
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2713
"Džilijan, saslušao sam sve što mi je tvoja majka rekla
16:34
I need to speak to her privately.
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i želim da s njom nasamo porazgovaram.
16:36
Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"
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Sačekaj ovde, mi ćemo brzo da se vratimo."
16:38
and they went and left her.
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Onda su otišli.
16:41
But as they went out of the room,
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Ali dok su izlazili iz sobe, on je uključio radio na svom stolu.
16:42
he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.
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2856
16:45
And when they got out of the room,
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I kada su izašli iz sobe, rekao je njenoj majci:
16:47
he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."
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2378
"Samo je posmatrajte."
I čim su napustili sobu,
16:49
And the minute they left the room,
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2512
16:52
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
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ona je odmah bila na nogama, krećući se uz muziku.
16:54
And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,
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Posmatrali su je nekoliko minuta
i onda se doktor okrenuo k majci i rekao:
16:58
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.
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1979
"Gospođo Lin, Džilijan nije bolesna, ona je plesačica."
17:00
She's a dancer.
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1664
(Smeh)
17:03
Take her to a dance school."
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1386
"Vodite je u plesnu školu."
17:04
I said, "What happened?"
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1228
"I šta se desilo?", upitao sam je.
17:06
She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
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"Odvela me je. Ne mogu ti opisati kako je bilo divno.
17:09
We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --
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2829
Ušla sam u prostoriju koja je bila puna ljudi kao što sam ja.
17:11
people who couldn't sit still,
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2222
Ljudi koji nisu mogli da miruju.
17:14
people who had to move to think."
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Ljudi koji su morali da se kreću da bi mislili."
17:17
Who had to move to think.
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Koji su morali da se kreću da bi mislili.
17:18
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.
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3610
Igrali su balet, step, džez,
moderan, savremeni ples.
17:22
She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.
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2746
Na kraju je otišla na audiciju za Kraljevsku baletsku školu.
17:25
She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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Postala je solista, imala je divnu karijeru u baletskoj školi.
17:28
She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,
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2555
Dobila je diplomu Kraljevske baletske škole
i osnovala svoj plesni ansambl "Džilijen Lin",
17:31
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
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1928
upoznala Endrua Lojda Vebera.
17:33
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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1237
17:34
She's been responsible for
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Zaslužna je za neke od najuspešnijih pozorišnih muzičkih ostvarenja u istoriji,
17:35
some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,
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3148
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
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1596
pružila je zavodoljstvo milionima ljudi, i postala je multimilioner.
17:40
and she's a multimillionaire.
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1407
17:41
Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
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Neko drugi bi joj prepisao lekove i rekao joj da se smiri.
17:45
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
17:53
What I think it comes to is this:
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Svodi se na ovo:
Al Gor je pre neko veče govorio
17:55
Al Gore spoke the other night
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o ekologiji i revoluciji koju je pokrenula Rejčel Karson.
17:57
about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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18:02
I believe our only hope for the future
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Verujem da nam je jedina nada za budućnost
18:04
is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
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da usvojimo novi način poimanja ljudske ekologije,
18:08
one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
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2527
prema kome ćemo rekonstituisati poimanje bogatstva ljudske sposobnosti.
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
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2261
18:13
Our education system has mined our minds
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Naš obrazovni sistem je oblikovao naš um
18:16
in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.
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3441
tako da ogoljujemo Zemlju radi nekog proizvoda.
18:20
And for the future, it won't serve us.
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2422
I u budućnosti, to neće moći tako.
18:22
We have to rethink the fundamental principles
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Mi moramo da razmislimo o osnovnim principima
18:25
on which we're educating our children.
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2063
prema kojima obrazujemo našu decu.
18:27
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,
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Postoji divan citat Džonasa Salka:
18:29
"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,
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"Ako bi svi insekti nestali sa Zemlje,
18:34
within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.
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2783
za 50 godina, sav život na Zemlji bi izumro.
18:38
If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,
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3037
Ako bi svi ljudi nestali sa Zemlje,
18:41
within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."
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2634
za 50 godina bi svi oblici života bujali."
18:45
And he's right.
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I u pravu je.
18:47
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
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3731
TED slavi dar ljudskog nadahnuća.
18:51
We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,
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4234
Mi moramo da pazimo da ga mudro iskoristimo,
18:55
and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.
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3229
i da sprečimo neke od stvari o kojima smo ovde govorili.
18:59
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
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I jedini način da to ostvarimo
je da sagledamo svo bogatstvo naših kreativnih kapaciteta
19:02
for the richness they are
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19:04
and seeing our children for the hope that they are.
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i da sagledamo našu decu kroz nadu koju u sebi nose.
19:07
And our task is to educate their whole being,
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I naš je zadatak da obrazujemo njihovo celo biće,
19:10
so they can face this future.
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da bi mogli da se suoče s budućnošću.
19:11
By the way -- we may not see this future,
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Mi možda nećemo videti tu budućnost,
19:14
but they will.
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ali oni će je videti.
19:15
And our job is to help them make something of it.
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I naš je posao da im pomognemo da stvore nešto od nje.
19:18
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najlepše.
19:19
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
About this website

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