Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

Translator: Anantha Swami Reviewer:

सुभप्रभात। के छ त? सब ठिकठाक, हैन त?

Good morning. How are you?

(Audience) Good.

It's been great, hasn't it?

यी सबै कुराहरूले मलाई अचम्म र हैरान् तुल्यायो।

I've been blown away by the whole thing.

In fact, I'm leaving.

वास्तवमा, म छोडेर जाँदैछु। (हाँसो)©

(Laughter)

यहाँ तीन बिषयहरू छन, हैन त,♫

There have been three themes running through the conference,

सम्मेलनको तयारी, र यी प्रासङ्गिक पनि छन्

which are relevant to what I want to talk about.

One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity

मैले भन्न चाहेका कुरासित।¼

एउटा चाहिँ मानव सिर्जनशीलताको असाधारण प्रमाण

in all of the presentations that we've had

हाम्रामा भएका सबै प्रस्तुतिहरूमा देखिएको छ

and in all of the people here;

just the variety of it and the range of it.

र यहाँ उपस्थित सबै व्यक्तिहरूमा। मात्र यसको विविधता

र यसको प्रकार। दोस्रो चाहिँ

The second is that it's put us in a place

where we have no idea what's going to happen

यसले हामीलाई एउटा यस्तो ठाउँमा पुर्र्याएको छ जहाँ अब अगाडि भविष्यमा के हुँदैछ भन्ने,

in terms of the future.

हामीलाई केहि थाहा छैन। अनि यो

No idea how this may play out.

कसरी सकिएला भन्ने केहि थाहा छैन।

I have an interest in education.

मलाई शिक्षामा रुचि छ --

Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.

वास्तवमा, मलाई के लाग्छ भने सबैलाई शिक्षामा रुचि हुन्छ।

Don't you?

तपाईँलाई छैन त? मलाई चाहिँ यो खुब रमाईलो लाग्छ।€

I find this very interesting.

यदि तपाईँ कुनै रात्रिभोजमा हुनुहुन्छ, र तपाईँले भन्नुभयो कि

If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --

तपाईँ शिक्षा क्षेत्रमा काम गर्नुहुन्छ --

actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.

वास्तवमा, प्रष्टै छ, यदि तपाईँ शिक्षामा काम गर्नुहुन्छ भने, तपाईं प्राय: भोजमै भेटिनुहुन्न।

(Laughter)

If you work in education, you're not asked.

(हाँसो) तपाईंलाई कसैले सोध्दैन।

(Laughter)

अनि तपाईँलाई फेरि कसैले सोध्दैन, उत्सुक भएर। त्यो मेरो लागि अचम्मको कुरा हो।

And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.

But if you are, and you say to somebody,

तर यदि तपाईँ शिक्षामै काम गर्नुहुन्छ, अनि तपाईँले कसैलाई भन्नुभयो भने,

you know, they say, "What do you do?"

तपाईँलाई थाहै छ, उनीहरू भन्छन, "तपाईँ के गर्नुहुन्छ?"

and you say you work in education,

अनि तपाईँ आफू शिक्षामा काम गर्छु भन्नुहुन्छ,

you can see the blood run from their face.

तपाईँले उनीहरूको अनुहारको रङ्ग हराएको देख्नुहुनेछ। तिनीहरू यस्तो खाले कुरा गर्छन्,

They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"

(Laughter)

"हे भगवान," थाहा छ, "मै चाहिँ किन? मेरो साताभरिको यहि एउटा रात्रिभोजमा।" (हाँसो)

"My one night out all week."

(Laughter)

But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,

तर यदि तपाईँले उनीहरूको शिक्षाको बारेमा सोध्नुभयो भने,

उनीहरूले तपाईँलाई जकड्नेछन्। किनभने यो एउटा त्यस्तो कुरा हो

because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?

जसले मानिसको भित्रसम्म छुन्छ, हैन त?

Like religion and money and other things.

धर्म, अनि पैसा र अन्य कुराहरू जस्तै।♫

So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.

मलाई शिक्षामा ठूलो रुचि छ, अनि मलाई लाग्छ हामी सबैलाई छ।

यसमा हाम्रो एउटा ठूलो अन्तर्निहित स्वार्थ छ,♪

We have a huge vested interest in it,

partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future

केहि मात्रामा यसको कारण, शिक्षा नै यस्तो चिज हो जसले

हामीले ग्रहण गर्न नसक्ने भविष्यमा हामीलाई लैजान्छ।

that we can't grasp.

If you think of it,

एक पटक सोच्नुस त, यस वर्ष विद्यालय शुरु गरेका केटाकेटीहरू

children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.

सन २०६५ मा निवृत्त हुनेछन्। कसैलाई थाहा छैन --

Nobody has a clue,

despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,

गएका चार दिनमा यहाँ गरिएका सबै विशेषज्ञहरूका कुराहरूका बावजुद --

यो विश्व पाँच वर्षमा

what the world will look like in five years' time.

कस्तो देखिनेछ भनेर। तरै पनि हामी

And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.

उनीहरूलाई त्यसका निम्ति पढाईरहनु पर्दछ। त्यसैले यो अनुमानविहीनता, मलाई लाग्छ,

So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.

अद्भुत किसिमको छ।®

And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,

र यसको तेस्रो कुरा के हो भने

जे भएपनि, हामी सबै सहमत छौँ

on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --

बच्चाहरूसँग हुने साँच्चै अद्भुत क्षमतामा --

their capacities for innovation.

उनीहरूको नवीनताको क्षमतामा। मेरो मतलव, हिजो राती सिरेनाले अचम्मै गरिन,

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?

हैन त? उनले के गर्न सक्दी रहिछन भन्ने हेर्दा त।

Just seeing what she could do.

And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,

र उनी अपवाद हुन, तर मलाई लाग्छ हैनन,अझ यसरी भनौं,

सम्पूर्ण बचपनभरिमै अपवाद।

exceptional in the whole of childhood.

तपाईँले त्यहाँ देख्नुभएको एउटा असाधारण रुपमा समर्पित व्यक्ति हो

What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication

who found a talent.

जोसँग एउटा प्रतिभा छ। र मेरो असहमति के छ भने,

And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,

सबै बच्चाहरूसँग अथाह प्रतिभा हुन्छ।€

and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.

र हामी ती प्रतिभालाई अत्यन्त निर्ममतापूर्वक नष्ट गर्दिन्छौं।

त्यसैले म शिक्षाको बारेमा कुरा गर्न चाहन्छु र

So I want to talk about education,

and I want to talk about creativity.

म सिर्जनशीलताको बारेमा कुरा गर्न चाहन्छु। मेरो धारणा के हो भने

My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,

अहिले शिक्षामा सिर्जनशीलताको महत्व पनि साक्षरताको जत्तिकै छ,

र हामीले यसलाई उत्तिकै महत्वका साथ हेर्नु पर्छ।

and we should treat it with the same status.

(Applause)

(ताली) धन्यवाद। वास्तवमा, मैले भन्न खोजेको त्यहि हो।

Thank you.

(Applause)

That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.

धेरै धेरै धन्यवाद। (हाँसो) भनेपछि, अब १५ मिनेट बाँकि।

(Laughter)

So, 15 minutes left.

अँ, म जन्मेको थिएँ ... अहँ। (हाँसो)

(Laughter)

"Well, I was born ... "

(Laughter)

मैले हालसालै एउटा गज्जबको कथा सुनेँ -- मलाई यो कथा भन्न रमाईलो लाग्छ --

I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --

चित्रकला कक्षामा बसेकी एउटी सानी नानीको कथा। छ वर्षकी नानी

of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.

She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,

र उनी पछाडि बसेकी थिईन, चित्र कोर्दै,

and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,

शिक्षीकाले भन्थिन कि ती नानीले कुनै कुरामा ध्यान दिन्नथिन,

तर यो चित्रकलाको कक्षामा उनले ध्यान दिएकी थिईन।

and in this drawing lesson, she did.

The teacher was fascinated.

She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"

शिक्षीकालाई खुब अचम्म लागेछ र उनको छैउमा गईछन्

र भनिछन, "तिमीले के को चित्र बनाई राखेको?"

And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."

अनि ती नानीले भनिछन, "म ईश्वरको चित्र बनाउँदैछु।"

And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."

अनि शिक्षीकाले भनिछन, "तर ईश्वर कस्ता छन भनेर त कसैलाई पनि थाहा छैन।"¼

And the girl said, "They will in a minute."

अनि ती नानीले भनिछन, "एक मिनेटपछि सबैले थाहा पाउनेछन।"

(Laughter)

(हाँसो)

जब मेरो छोरो बेलायतमा चार वर्षको थियो --

When my son was four in England --

वास्तवमा भन्दा, उ जहाँतहिँ चार वर्षकै थियो। (हाँसो)

actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.

यदि ठ्याक्कै भन्ने हो भने, जहाँसुकै गएपनि, उ त्यस वर्ष चार वर्षको थियो।

(Laughter)

If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.

He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?

ऊ नेटिभिटी प्लेमा थियो।

तपाईँ त्यो कथा सम्झिनुहुन्छ? अहँ, त्यो धेरै लामो थियो।

(Laughter)

No, it was big, it was a big story.

यो लामो कथा थियो। मेल गिब्सनले यसको शृङ्खलै बनाएका छन।♫

Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.

(Laughter)

तपाईँले हेर्नुभएको होला: "नेटिभिटी २।" तर जेम्सले जोसेफको भूमिका पाएको थियो,

"Nativity II."

But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.

जसले हामीलाई रोमाञ्चित बनाएको थियो।£

We considered this to be one of the lead parts.

हामीले यसलाई एक मुख्य भूमिकाका रुपमा लिएका थियौँ।

We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:

अनि त्यहाँ टी-सर्टमा बोलाईएका टन्नै एजेन्टहरूको भिड थियो:

"जेम्स रबिन्सन जोसेफ नै हो!" (हाँसो)

"James Robinson IS Joseph!"

(Laughter)

He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?

उसले बोल्नु पर्ने थिएन, तर तपाईँलाई थाहै छ त्यो खण्ड

जहाँ तीन राजाहरू आउँछन्। उनीहरूले उपहारहरू लिएर आउँछन्,

They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.

र उनीहरूले सुन, फ्रान्किन्सेन्स र मिर लिएर आउँछन्।

This really happened.

यो साच्चैँ नै भयो। हामी त्यहाँ बसिराखेका थियौँ

We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,

अनि मलाई लाग्छ उनीहरू कथाको क्रमबाट बाहिर गए,

because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,

किनभने हामीले पछि त्यो बच्चासँग कुरा गर्दा भन्यौँ,

"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"

"तिमीलाई ठिकै लाग्यो त?" अनि उसले भन्यो, "अँ, किन? केहि बिग्र्यो र?"

उनीहरूले बद्लि गरे, त्यत्ति मात्रै हो।

They just switched.

The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.

जे होस, ती तीनजना केटाहरू आए --

टाउकामा टावेल राखेका चार वर्षे बच्चाहरू --

अनि उनीहरूले ती बक्साहरू भुईँमा राखे,

They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."

अनि पहिलो केटोले भन्यो, "मैले यहाँको लागि सुन ल्याएको छु।"

And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."

अनि दोस्रो केटोले भन्यो, "मैले यहाँको लागि मिर ल्याएको छु।"

And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."

(Laughter)

अनि तेस्रो केटोले भन्यो, "फ्र्याङ्कले पठाएको।" (हाँसो)

What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.

यी कुराहरूमा समानता के छ भने बच्चाहरू अवसर लिईहाल्छन्।

If they don't know, they'll have a go.

उनीहरूले कुनै कुरा जानेनन भने पनि केहि चाहिँ गरिहाल्छन्।

हैन त? उनीहरू गलत हुन डराउँदैनन्।

Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.

अब, मैले भन्न खोजेको कुरा यो हैन कि गलत हुनु र सिर्जनशील हुनु भनेको एकै हो।

I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.

What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,

हामीलाई यो थाहा छ कि,

यदि तपाईँ गलत हुन तयार हुनुहुन्न भने,

you'll never come up with anything original --

तपाईँ कुनै कुरामा कहिल्यै मौलिकता ल्याउन सक्नुहुन्न।

if you're not prepared to be wrong.

यदि तपाईँ गलत हुन तयार हुनुहुन्न भने। अनि बच्चाहरू जब बयस्क भईसक्छन्,

And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.

धेरैजसोले त्यो क्षमता गुमाईसकेका हुन्छन्।

उनीहरू गलत हुनबाट डराउने हुन्छन्।

They have become frightened of being wrong.

And we run our companies like this.

अनि, हामी हाम्रा कम्पनीहरू पनि यसरी नै चलाउँछौँ।®

We stigmatize mistakes.

हामी गल्तीहरूलाई नराम्रो रुपमा हेर्छौँ। अनि हामी अहिले

And we're now running national education systems

यस्तो प्रकारको राष्ट्रिय शिक्षा पद्धति चलाउँदैछौँ जहाँ

where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.

गल्ती भनेको तपाईँले गर्नैनहुने सबैभन्दा नराम्रो कुरा हो।

And the result is that we are educating people

र यसको परिणाम भने हामी मानिसलाई उनीहरूको सिर्जनशील क्षमताभन्दा

out of their creative capacities.

बाहिर शिक्षा दिईराखेका छौं। पिकासोले एकपटक यसो भनेका थिए।

Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.

उनले भनेका थिए कि सबै बच्चाहरू जन्मिँदा कलाकार हुन्छन्।

The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.

समस्या भने हामी बढ्दै जाँदा पनि कलाकारनै रहिरहनु हो। म यसलाई पूर्ण विश्वास गर्छु कि,

I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,

हामी सिर्जनशीलतातिर बढ्दैनौ,

we grow out of it.

हामी यसबाट बाहिरतिर बढ्छौँ। अझ भन्दा, हामी यसबाट बाहिर शिक्षित हुन्छौँ।

Or rather, we get educated out of it.

त्यसोभए किन यस्तो छ त?

So why is this?

म करिब ५ बर्षअघिसम्म स्ट्र्याटफर्ड-अन-एभनमा बस्थेँ।

I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.

वास्तवमा, हामी स्ट्र्याटफर्डबाट लस एञ्जलस सरेका हौँ।

यसबाट यो परिवर्तन कति सजिलो भयो होला भनेर तपाईँले अनुमान गर्न सक्नुहुन्छ।

So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.

(Laughter)

(हाँसो) वास्तवमा,

Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,

हामी एउटा स्निटरफिल्ड भन्ने ठाउँमा बस्थ्यौँ,

just outside Stratford,

स्ट्र्याटफर्डको केहि बाहिर मात्र, जहाँ

which is where Shakespeare's father was born.

शेक्सपियरका बाबु जन्मेका थिए। तपाईँ अर्को अचम्ममा पर्नु भयो? म चाहिँ परेको थिएँ है।

Are you struck by a new thought? I was.

You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?

तपाईँले शेक्सपियरका बाबु पनि थिए भनेर सोच्नुहुन्न, सोच्नुहुन्छ त?

Do you?

सोच्नु हुन्छ त? किनभने तपाईँ शेक्सपियर

Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?

लाई बच्चाको रुपमा सोच्नुहुन्न, हैन त?

Shakespeare being seven?

सात वर्षका शेक्सपियर? मैले यो कुरा कहिल्यै सोचेको थिईन। मेरो मतलव, उनी

I never thought of it.

I mean, he was seven at some point.

एकपटक सात वर्षका त थिए नि। उनी

He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?

कसैको अङ्ग्रेजी कक्षामा थिए, हैन त? त्यो कस्तो दिक्कलाग्दो हुन्थ्यो होला?

(Laughter)

How annoying would that be?

(हाँसो) "अझ कडा परिश्रम गर्नुपर्छ।" उनका बाबुले सुत्न पठाउँदा, क्या त,

(Laughter)

"Must try harder."

(Laughter)

Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"

शेक्सपियरलाई, "जाऊ सुत, चाँडै,"

To William Shakespeare.

विलियम शेक्सपियरलाई, "अनि त्यो कलम छोड्दे त।

"And put the pencil down!"

अनि त्यसरी कुरा गर्नु हुँदैन। यसले सबैलाई दोधारमा पार्छ।"

(Laughter)

"And stop speaking like that."

(Laughter)

"It's confusing everybody."

(Laughter)

(हाँसो)

Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,

जे होस, हामी स्ट्र्याटफर्डबाट लस एञ्जलस गयौँ,

र म, वास्तवमा, त्यो परिवर्तनका बारे एउटा शब्द भन्न चाहन्छु।

and I just want to say a word about the transition.

मेरो छोरो आउन चाहेको थिएन।

Actually, my son didn't want to come.

I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.

मेरो दुई बच्चा छन्। ऊ अहिले २१ वर्षको भयो, मेरी छोरी १६ वर्षकी छ।

He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.

ऊ लस एञ्जलस आउन चाहेको थिएन। उसलाई यो ठाऊँ मन परेको थियो,

He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.

तर बेलायतमा उसकी एकजना प्रेमिका थिई। सेरा, उसको जीवनकी प्रेमिका।

This was the love of his life, Sarah.

ऊसले ऊनलाई चिनेको एकमहिना भएको थियो।

He'd known her for a month.

ख्याल गर्नुस, ऊनीहरूले चौथो वार्षिकोत्सव मनाईसकेका थिए,

(Laughter)

Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,

किनभने १६ वर्षको हुँदा यो लामो समय हो।©

because it's a long time when you're 16.

He was really upset on the plane.

जे होस, उसले हवाईजहाजमा साँच्चै चित्त दुखाएको थियो,

He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."

अनि उसले भनेको थियो, "मैले सेराजस्तो अर्को केटी कहिल्यै भेटाउने छैन।"

And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --

अनि हामीलाई भने यो कुराले खुशी लागिराखेको थियो, साँच्चै भन्दा,

किनभने हामीले देश छोड्नुको मुख्य कारण ऊनी नै थिईन।

(Laughter)

because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.

(Laughter)

(हाँसो)

तर जब तपाईँ अमेरीका सर्नुहुन्छ तपाईँलाई केही कुराले छोप्छ

But something strikes you when you move to America

र तपाईँ पृथ्वीमा जहाँ पुग्नुभयो भने पनि:

and travel around the world:

विश्वका सबै शिक्षा पद्धतिमा उहि प्रकारका विषयगत तहहरू छन्।

every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.

जुनसुकै ठाउँमा पनि। तपाईँ जहाँ गएपनि केहि फरक पर्दैन।

Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.

तपाईँलाई यस्तो हुँदैन जस्तो लाग्ला, तर हैन।

You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.

माथिल्लो तहमा गणित र भाषाहरू हुन्छन्,

At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.

अनि मानविकी, अनि कलाहरू सबैभन्दा तल हुन्छन्।

At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.

पृथ्वीको जुनसुकै ठाउँमा पनि।

And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.

अनि प्राय:जसो सबै पद्दतिमा पनि,

कलाहरूभित्र पनि अझ तहहरू हुन्छन्।¼

Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools

विद्यालयहरूमा साधारणतया कला र सङ्गीतलाई उपल्लो दर्जा दिईन्छ

than drama and dance.

त्यसपछि नाटक र नृत्य। यो ग्रहमा एउटा पनि त्यस्तो शिक्षा पद्दति छैन जहाँ

There isn't an education system on the planet

that teaches dance every day to children

बच्चाहरूलाई हरेक दिन नृत्य सिकाईन्छ

the way we teach them mathematics.

हामीले ऊनीहरूलाई गणित पढाएको जस्तै। किन?

Why?

Why not?

किन होइन त? मलाई लाग्छ यो कुरा अझ महत्वपूर्ण छ।♫

I think this is rather important.

मलाई लाग्छ गणित एकदमै महत्वपूर्ण हो, तर नृत्यपनि उत्तिकै हो।

I think math is very important, but so is dance.

Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.

बच्चाहरूलाई दियो भने जतिबेला पनि नाच्छन, हामी सबै नाच्छौँ।

We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?

हामी सबैको शरीर छ, हैन त? मैले केहि विर्शेको त छैन नि?

(Laughter)

(हाँसो) साँचो भन्दा, के हुन्छ भने,

Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,

जब बच्चाहरू बढ्दै जान्छन, हामी ऊनीहरूलाई क्रमिकरुपमा

we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.

कम्मरदेखि माथितिर पढाउँदै जान्छौँ। अनि त्यसपछि हामी ऊनीहरूको टाउकोमा केन्द्रित हुन्छौँ।

And then we focus on their heads.

अनि विस्तारै एउटा भागतिर।

And slightly to one side.

यदि तपाईले एउटा वाह्यजीवको रुपमा शिक्षालाई हेर्नुपर्ने भएमा,

If you were to visit education as an alien

and say "What's it for, public education?"

अनि "के का लागि हो, सार्वजनिक शिक्षा?" भनेर भन्नुपर्ने भएमा,

I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,

मलाई लाग्छ कि तपाईँ निश्कर्षमा पुग्नुहुन्छ -- यदि तपाईँले उत्पादन हेर्नुभयो भने,

who really succeeds by this,

यसबाट को को साँच्चै सफल हुन्छन्,

who does everything they should,

क कसले ऊनीहरूले गर्नुपर्ने सबै कुरा गर्छन्,

who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --

क कसले सबै अङ्कहरू पाउँछन, कसले जित्छन् --

I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education

मलाई लाग्छ तपाईँ यो निष्कर्षमा पुग्नुपर्ने हुन्छ कि सार्वजनिक शिक्षाको सम्पूर्ण उद्देश्य

throughout the world

विश्वभरि नै

is to produce university professors.

विश्वविद्यालयका प्राध्यापकहरू उत्पादन गर्नु हो, हैन त?

Isn't it?

They're the people who come out the top.

ऊनीहरू नै हुन जो अग्र स्थानमा आउँछन्।

And I used to be one, so there.

(Laughter)

अनि म पनि त्यस्तै एकजना थिएँ। (हाँसो)©

अनि मलाई विश्वविद्यालयका प्राध्यापकहरू मन पर्छन, तर तपाईँलाई थाहा छ,

And I like university professors,

but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up

हामीले ऊनीहरूलाई सम्पूर्ण मानव उपलब्धिकै चरमविन्दुको रुपमा राख्नु हुँदैन।

as the high-water mark of all human achievement.

They're just a form of life.

ऊनीहरू जीवनको एउटा प्रकार मात्र हुन,®

Another form of life.

जीवनको अर्को प्रकार। तर तिनीहरू बरु जिज्ञासु हुन्छन्,

But they're rather curious.

अनि मैले यो कुरा ऊनीहरूलाई माया गरेर भनेको हुँ।

And I say this out of affection for them:

there's something curious about professors.

मेरो अनुभवमा प्राध्यापकहरूको बारेमा एउटा रमाईलो कुरा छ --

In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.

सबैचाहिँ हैन, तर प्राय:जसो -- उनीहरू आफ्नो टाउकोले बाँच्छन्।

They live up there and slightly to one side.

ऊनीहरू त्यहाँ माथि बाँच्छन, र अलिकति एकातिर।

एक प्रकारले ऊनीहरू, शाब्दिक रुपमा, शरीरविहीन हुन्छन्।

They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.

They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.

ऊनीहरू आफ्नो शरीरलाई

एक प्रकारको टाउकोको वाहन जसरी लिन्छन, हैन त?

(Laughter)

Don't they?

It's a way of getting their head to meetings.

(हाँसो) यो ऊनीहरूको टाउकोलाई बैठकहरूमा लैजाने एउटा माध्यम हो।

(Laughter)

तपाईँ शरीरविहीनताको साँचो प्रमाण खोज्नुहुन्छ भने,

If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,

तपाईँ आवाशीय सम्मेलनमा जानुस,

get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics

वरिष्ठ प्राज्ञहरूको,

and pop into the discotheque on the final night.

अनि अन्तिम रातको डिस्कोमा जानुस।

(Laughter)

(हाँसो) अनि त्यहाँ तपाईँले देख्नुहुनेछ -- लोग्नेमान्छे र आईमाईहरू

And there, you will see it.

Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.

बेतालमा, अनियन्त्रित रुपमा शरीर बटारिरहेका,

(Laughter)

ता कि घर गएपछि यसको बारेमा एउटा लेखै लेख्न सकियोस भनेर अन्तिमसम्म पर्खिरहेका।

Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.

अहिले हाम्रो शिक्षा पद्दती प्राज्ञिक क्षमताको अवधारणामा खडा छ।

(Laughter)

Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.

र यसको एउटा कारण छ।

And there's a reason.

Around the world, there were no public systems of education,

यो सबै पद्दति विश्वभरि त्यतिबेला आविश्कार गरिएको थियो जतिबेला

सार्वजनिक शिक्षा नै थिएन, साँच्चै, १९औँ शताब्दी अगाडि।

really, before the 19th century.

त्यतिबेला ती सबै कुराहरू औद्योगिकीकरणका

They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.

आवश्यकताहरू पुर्ति गर्न शुरु गरिएका थिए।

त्यसैले यो तहगत प्रणाली दुई विचारधाराहरूमा आधारित छ।

So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.

Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.

प्रथम, कामका लागि सबैभन्दा बढी चाहिने विषयहरू

माथि छन्। त्यसले गर्दा तपाईँलाई बच्चै हुँदा मृदुभावले

So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school

तपाईँलाई मन पर्ने कुराहरूबाट टाढा लगिन्छ,

when you were a kid,

यो आधारमा कि, तपाईँले ती काम गरेर

things you liked,

on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.

कहिल्यै नोकरी पाउनुहुन्न। हो कि हैन?

Is that right?

सङ्गीततिर नलाग, तिमी सङ्गीतकार बन्ने हैन;

"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;

कलातिर नलाग, तिमी कलाकार बन्ने हैन।

don't do art, you won't be an artist."

Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.

मिठो सुझाव -- अहिले, गम्भिर रुपले गलत। यो सम्पूर्ण विश्व

The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.

एउटा क्रान्तिमा फसेको छ।

And the second is academic ability,

र दोस्रो हो प्राज्ञिक क्षमता, जसले हाम्रो बौद्धिक दृष्टिकोणमाथि

which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,

साँच्चै प्रभुत्व जमाएको छ,

किनभने यो प्रणालीलाई विश्वविद्यालयहरूले ऊनीहरूको आफ्नै छविअनुसार रचना गरेका छन्।

because the universities design the system in their image.

यदि तपाईँले यसबारेमा सोच्नु भयो भने, सार्वजनिक शिक्षाको

If you think of it,

the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process

विश्वभरिकै सम्पूर्ण पद्दति विश्वविद्यालयको प्रवेशको

एउटा तन्काईएको प्रक्रिया हो।

of university entrance.

र यसको परिणाम के हो भने धेरै प्रतिभाशाली, मेधावी,

And the consequence is that many highly talented,

brilliant, creative people think they're not,

सिर्जनशील व्यक्तिहरूले आफूलाई केहि हैन भन्ने सोच्छन्,

because the thing they were good at at school

किनभने ऊनीहरूले विद्यालयमा राम्रो गरिराखेका विषयहरूको

केहि कदर गरिएन, अथवा वास्तवमै खराब मानिन्छ।

wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.

And I think we can't afford to go on that way.

र मलाई के लाग्छ भने हामी त्यो बाटोमा जान सक्दैनौँ।

In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,

युनेस्कोका अनुसार, आउने ३० बर्षमा,

more people worldwide will be graduating through education

ईतिहासको शुरूदेखि आजसम्म भएकाभन्दा धेरै

than since the beginning of history.

व्यक्तिहरू शिक्षाबाट स्नातक हुनेछन्।

More people.

धेरै व्यक्तिहरू, र यो हामीले कुरा गरेका

And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:

सबै चिजहरूको मिश्रण हो --

technology and its transformational effect on work,

प्रविधि र यसले काममा ल्याएको रुपान्तरण, अनि जनसङ्ख्या अध्ययन

and demography and the huge explosion in population.

र जनसङ्ख्याको विशाल वृद्धि।

Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.

एकाएक, उपाधिहरूको केहि मूल्य छैन। हैन त?

Isn't that true?

म विद्यार्थी छँदा, तपाईँसँग उपाधि भए जागिर पाउनुहुन्थ्यो।

When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.

If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.

यदि तपाईँको जागिर थिएन भने त्यो तपाईँले नचाहेर मात्र हुन्थ्यो।

And I didn't want one, frankly.

अनि मलाई, सोझै भन्दा, जागिरको ईच्छा थिएन। (हाँसो)

(Laughter)

तर अहिले उपाधि लिएका बच्चाहरू धेरैजसो

But now kids with degrees are often heading home

to carry on playing video games,

भिडियो गेम खेल्न घर फर्किन्छन्,

किनभने पहिले बीए चाहिने जागिरलाई अहिले एमए चाहिन्छ

because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,

अनि एमए चाहिनेलाई पीएचडी चाहिन्छ।

and now you need a PhD for the other.

It's a process of academic inflation.

यो प्राज्ञिक स्फीतिको एउटा प्रक्रिया हो।

And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.

र यसले पुरै शिक्षा पद्दति हाम्रो पैतालामुनितिर

खस्किराखेको छ भन्ने दर्शाउँछ। हामीले हाम्रो बौद्धिक दृष्टिकोणबारे

We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.

समस्त रुपमा पुनर्विचार गर्नुपर्छ।

हामीले बुद्धिको बारेमा तीनओटा कुराहरू जानेका छौ।

We know three things about intelligence.

पहिलो, यसको विविधता। विश्वलाई हामीले यसलाई अनुभव गरेका

One, it's diverse.

We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.

हरेक तरिकाबाट हेर्दछौँ। हामी दृश्यमा सोच्छौँ,

We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.

हामी आवाजमा सोच्छौँ, हामी सौन्दर्यमा सोच्छौँ।

We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.

हामी अमूर्त ढाँचामा सोच्छौँ, हामी चालमा सोच्छौँ।

Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.

दोस्रो, बुद्धि गतिशील छ।

If you look at the interactions of a human brain,

यदि तपाईँले मान्छेको दिमागको अन्तरक्रियालाई हेर्नुभयो भने, हामीले

as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,

हिजो त्यतिका प्रस्तुतिहरूमा सुनेजस्तो,

intelligence is wonderfully interactive.

बुद्धि आश्चर्यजनक रुपले अन्तरक्रियात्मक छ।

The brain isn't divided into compartments.

दिमाग कक्षहरूमा बिभाजित छैन।

In fact, creativity --

वास्तवमा, सिर्जनशीलता -- जसलाई मैले मुल्यवान मौलिक विचारहरू

which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --

जान्ने प्रक्रियाको रुपमा परिभाषित गर्छु --

more often than not comes about

प्राय:जसो विभिन्न शास्त्रको वस्तुहरूलाई हेर्ने तरीकाहरुको

through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.

अन्तरक्रियाबाट उत्पन्न हुन्छ।

दिमाग जानिबुझिकनै -- वास्तवमा,

By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,

दिमागका दुई भागहरूलाई जोड्ने कर्पस क्यालोसम नामको

called the corpus callosum.

एउटा स्नायुरेसाको मुठो हुन्छ। यो महिलाहरूमा अलि मोटो हुन्छ।

It's thicker in women.

हिजोकी हेलेनलाई हेर्दा, सायद यहि कारणले महिलाहरू

Following off from Helen yesterday,

एकैपटक धेरैओटा काम राम्ररी गर्न सक्छन् भन्ने मलाई लाग्छ।

this is probably why women are better at multitasking.

Because you are, aren't you?

किनभने तपाईँ त्यस्तो हुनुहुन्छ, हैन त?

There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.

यसको अनुसन्धानको एउटा पाटो छ, तर मैले आफ्नै जीबनबाट यो कुरा जानेको छु।

If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...

यदि मेरी श्रीमतीले घरमा खाना बनाउँदैछिन भने --

जुनचाहिँ धेरैजसो हुन्न, धन्न। (हाँसो)

thankfully.

(Laughter)

तर तपाईँलाई थाहा छ, ऊनले पकाउँदैछिन् -- हैन, ऊनले केहि-केहि चाहिँ राम्रै पकाउँछिन् --

No, she's good at some things.

तर यदि ऊनले पकाउँदैछिन भने, तपाईँलाई थाहा छ,

But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,

ऊनले फोनमा कसैसित कुरा गरिरहेकि हुन्छिन्,

she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --

केटाकेटीहरूसित कुरा गरिराखेकि हुन्छिन, छत लिपिराखेकी हुन्छिन्,

(Laughter)

उनी यहाँ ओपन-हार्ट सर्जरी गरिराखेकी हुन्छिन्।

she's doing open-heart surgery over here.

If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,

यदि मैले पकाउँदै छु भने, ढोका बन्द हुन्छ, केटाकेटीहरू बाहिर हुन्छन्,

the phone's on the hook,

फोन उठिराखेको हुन्छ, अनि ऊनी आउँदा पनि मलाई दिक्क लाग्छ।

if she comes in, I get annoyed.

I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."

म भन्छु, "टेरी, कृपया, मैले यहाँ अण्डा पकाईराखेको छु। एकैछिन पर्ख न।"(हाँसो)

(Laughter)

"Give me a break."

(Laughter)

Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,

वास्तवमा, पुरानो दार्शनिक कुरा छ नि,

"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"

यदि जङ्गलमा एउटा रुख ढल्छ र कसैले सुन्दैन,

ढलेकै हो त? त्यो पुरानो कटुस सम्झिनुहुन्छ?

Remember that old chestnut?

I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,

मैले हालसालै एउटा गज्जबको टि-सर्ट देखेको थिएँ जसमा लेखेको थियो, "यदि एउटा लोग्नेमान्छेले

"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,

जङ्गलमा आफ्नो मनको कुरा भन्छ, र कुनै आईमाईले सुन्दैन भने,

is he still wrong?"

तबपनि ऊ गलत हुन्छ त?" (हाँसो)

(Laughter)

And the third thing about intelligence is,

अनि बुद्धिको बारेमा तेस्रो कुरा हो,

it's distinct.

यो पृथक छ। मैले अहिले एउटा किताब लेख्दै छु

I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"

"एपिफानी" नामको, जुन व्यक्तिहरूले ऊनीहरूको प्रतिभा कसरी पत्ता लगाए

which is based on a series of interviews with people

भन्ने कुराको एउटा अन्तर्वार्ताको शृङ्खलामा आधारित छ।

about how they discovered their talent.

मान्छेहरु कसरी त्यहाँसम्म पुगे भन्ने कुराले मलाई आकर्षित गरेको छ।

I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.

यो मैले एउटी बिचित्रकी महिलासँग

It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman

गरेका कुराबाट प्रेरित छ जसको बारेमा सायद धेरै व्यक्तिहरूले

who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.

सुनेका छैनन होला, ऊनको नाम हो गिलियन लिने,

तपाईँले सुन्नुभएको थियो त? कसैकसैले सुनेका छन्। ऊनी एउटा कोरियोग्राफर हुन्

Have you heard of her? Some have.

She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.

र ऊनको काम सबैलाई थाहा छ।

ऊनले "क्याट्स" अनि "फ्यान्टम अफ द ओपेरा" बनाएकि थिईन्।

She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."

ऊनी बिचित्रकी छन। म वेलायतमा रोयल ब्यालेटको समितिमा बस्थेँ।

She's wonderful.

I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.

तपाईँलाई थाहै छ।

(Laughter)

जे होस, गिलियन र मैले एकदिन संगै खाना खायौँ अनि मैले भने,

Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"

"गिलियन, तपाईँ कसरी नृत्यकर्मी बन्नुभयो त?" अनि उनले भनिन"

It was interesting.

यो रोचक थियो, जब ऊनी विद्यालयमा थिईन्,

When she was at school, she was really hopeless.

ऊनी साँच्चै निराश थिईन। अनि त्यो विद्यालयले, सन ३०को दशक तिर,

And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,

ऊनका आमाबाबुहरूलाई लेख्यो, "हामीलाई लाग्छ

"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."

गिलियनको सिकाई क्षमतामा समस्या छ।" ऊनी एकाग्र हुन सक्दिनन्,

She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.

ऊनी धेरै चञ्चल थिइन। मलाई लाग्छ अहिले तिनीहरूले उनलाई

I think now they'd say she had ADHD.

एडीएचडी थियो भन्थे होलान्। हैन त? तर यो १९३० तिरको कुरा हो,

Wouldn't you?

But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.

अनि त्यतिबेला एडीएचडीको आविश्कार नै भएको थिएन।

It wasn't an available condition.

त्यतिबेला यो एउटा उपलब्ध अवस्था थिएन। (हाँसो)

(Laughter)

कसैलाई यो हुन्छ भन्ने कुरा कसैलाई थाहै थिएन।

People weren't aware they could have that.

जे होस, ऊनी विशेषज्ञकहाँ देखाउन गईन। अनि, त्यो भब्य कोठा,

(Laughter)

Anyway, she went to see this specialist.

र ऊनि आमासँग गएकी थिईन्,

So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,

अनि उनलाई एउटा छेउको कुर्सीमा लगेर बसाईयो,

अनि ऊनी २० मिनेटसम्म एक्लै बसिराखिन जतिबेला

and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,

त्यो मान्छेले ऊनकी आमासँग गिलियनलाई विद्यालयमा भएका

and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,

ऊनका सबै समस्याहरूका बारेमा कुरा गर्र्यो। अन अन्तिममा --

while this man talked to her mother

about all the problems Gillian was having at school,

ऊनले मान्छेहरूलाई अलमल्याएकाले,

because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.

ऊनको गृहकार्य सधै ढीलो हुन्थ्यो, अनि यस्तै यस्तै,

आठ वर्षकी सानी बच्ची -- अन्त्यमा, डाक्टर गएर

Little kid of eight.

In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,

गिलियनको छेउमा बस्यो अनि भन्यो, "गिलियन्,

"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.

मैले तिम्रो आमाले भनेका सबै कुराहरू सुनेँ,

र म ऊहाँसँग एकान्तमा कुरा गर्न चाहन्छु।"

I need to speak to her privately.

ऊसले भन्यो, "यहिँ पर्ख है, हामी आईहाल्छौँ, धेरै बेर लाग्दैन।"

Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"

and they went and left her.

अनि ऊनीहरू ऊनलाई छाडेर गए।

तर ऊनीहरू कोठाबाट बाहिर जाँदा उसले उसको टेबलमा भएको

But as they went out of the room,

he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.

रेडियो खोल्यो। अनि जब तिनीहरू

कोठाबाहिर गए, ऊसले ऊनको आमालाई भन्यो,

And when they got out of the room,

"उँभिनुस र ऊनलाई हेर्नुस।" र ऊनीहरू कोठाबाट निस्किने बित्तीकै,

he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."

And the minute they left the room,

ऊनले भनिन, ऊनी ऊभिईन, अनि सङ्गीतसँगै चल्न थालिन्।

she was on her feet, moving to the music.

ऊनीहरूले केहि मिनेटसम्म हेरे

And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,

अनि ऊ ऊनकी आमातिर फर्केर भन्यो,

"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.

"श्रीमती लिने, गिलियन बिरामी छैनन, ऊनी नर्तकी हुन्।

She's a dancer.

ऊनलाई नृत्य विद्यालयमा लैजानुस।"

Take her to a dance school."

I said, "What happened?"

मैले भनेँ, "अनि के भयो?"

She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.

ऊनले भनिन, "पठाउनुभयो। त्यो कति रमाईलो थियो भन्ने म तपाईँलाई भन्नै सक्दिन।

We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --

हामी त्यो कोठामा गयौँ त्यहाँ सबै म जस्ता मान्छेहरूले

people who couldn't sit still,

भरिएको थियो। स्थिर बसिराख्न नसक्ने मान्छेहरू।

people who had to move to think."

सोच्नका लागि चल्नैपर्ने मान्छेहरू ।" सोच्नका लागि चल्नुपर्नेहरू ।

Who had to move to think.

ऊनीहरू ब्याले नाच्थे, ट्याप नाच्थे, ज्याज नाच्थे,

They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.

आधुनिक नाच्थे, समकालीन नाच्थे ।

अन्तत: ऊनी रोयल ब्याले विद्यालयका लागि छानिईन,

She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.

ऊनी एकल कलाकार बनिन, ऊनले रोयल ब्यालेमा

She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.

गज्जबको पेशा पाईन। अन्तत: ऊनी

She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,

रोयल ब्याले स्कूलबाट स्नातक भईन् र

आफ्नै कम्पनी शुरु गरिन -- द गिलियन लिने डान्स कम्पनी --

founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,

met Andrew Lloyd Webber.

एन्ड्रु लोयड वेबरलाई भेटिन। ऊनी ईतिहासकै सबैभन्दा बढी

She's been responsible for

some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,

सफल साङ्गीतिक थिएटर निर्माणका लागि जिम्मेबार छिन्

she's given pleasure to millions,

ऊनले दसौँ लाखलाई आनन्द दिएकी छन्,

and she's a multimillionaire.

Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.

अनि ऊनी करोडपति छिन् । अरु कोहि भएको भए

(Applause)

ऊनलाई उपचार गर्थ्यो होला अनि ऊनलाई

चुप लाग्न भन्थ्यो होला।

अब, मलाई लाग्छ ... (ताली) मैले के सोच्छु भने:

What I think it comes to is this:

Al Gore spoke the other night

अल गोरले हिजो राती पर्यावरणको बारेमा,

about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.

अनि राचेल कार्सनले शुरु गरेको क्रान्तिको बारेमा बोले ।

मलाई विश्वास छ भविष्यको लागि हाम्रो एकमात्र आशा

I believe our only hope for the future

is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,

भनेको मानव पर्यावरणको नयाँ अवधारणा अपनाउने नै हो,

यस्तो अवधारणा जसमा हामी मानव क्षमताको सम्पन्नताको

one in which we start to reconstitute our conception

of the richness of human capacity.

नयाँ धारणा बनाउँन शुरु गर्नेर्छौँ।

Our education system has mined our minds

हाम्रो शिक्षा पद्दतिले हाम्रो दिमागलाई यसरी खाईदिएको छ

in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.

कि हामी पृथ्वीलाई खान्छौँ: एउटा विशेष क्रयवस्तुका लागि।

र भविष्यमा, यसले हामीलाई काम दिने छैन ।

And for the future, it won't serve us.

We have to rethink the fundamental principles

हामीले आधारभूत सिद्धान्तहरूलाई पुनर्विचार गर्नुपर्छ

on which we're educating our children.

जसमा हामी हाम्रा बच्चाहरूलाई शिक्षा दिँदैछौँ । जोनास साल्कको

There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,

एउटा गज्जबको भनाई छ नि, ऊनले भनेका छन, "यदि सबै कीराहरू

"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,

पृथ्वीबाट हराउनुपर्ने भए,

within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.

५० वर्षभित्र पृथ्वीका सबै जीवहरू खत्तम हुनेथियो ।

यदि पृथ्वीबाट सबै मान्छेहरू हराए भने,

If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,

५० वर्षभित्र सबै जीवहरू फस्टाउने छन्।"

within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."

अनि ऊनले ठीक भनेका छन्।

And he's right.

टेडले मानव कल्पनाको उपहारलाई सम्मान गर्छ।

What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.

हामीले यो उपहार वुद्धिमानीपूर्वक प्रयोग गर्नेबारे सचेत हुनुपर्छ,

We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,

अनि हामीले केहि परिदृश्यहरूलाई हटाईदिनुपर्छ

and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.

जसको बारेमा हामीले कुरा गरेका छौँ। र हामीले यसो गर्ने

And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities

एउटै मात्र तरिका भनेको हाम्रा सृजनशील क्षमताहरूलाई

for the richness they are

तिनीहरूका सम्पन्नताअनुसार हेर्ने, र हाम्रा

and seeing our children for the hope that they are.

बच्चाहरूलाई तिनीहरूका आशाको रुपमा हेर्ने नै हो । र हाम्रो काम

And our task is to educate their whole being,

ऊनीहरूको सम्पूर्ण पक्षलाई शिक्षित गर्नु हो, जसद्वारा उनीहरूले भविष्यलाई सामना गर्न सकून्।

so they can face this future.

By the way -- we may not see this future,

-- जे होस -- हामीले भविष्य नदेखौँला,

but they will.

तर ऊनीहरूले देख्नेछन् । र हाम्रो काम भनेको ऊनीहरूलाई

And our job is to help them make something of it.

यसमा केही गर्न सहयोग गर्ने हो । धेरै धेरै धन्यवाद ।

Thank you very much.

(Applause)