Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

23,892,791 views ใƒป 2007-01-07

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Shlomo Adam ืžื‘ืงืจ: Assaf Tsafriri
ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื˜ื•ื‘. ืžื” ืฉืœื•ืžื›ื?
00:27
Good morning. How are you?
0
27103
2575
00:29
(Audience) Good.
1
29702
1403
ื”ื™ื” ื ื”ื“ืจ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
00:31
It's been great, hasn't it?
2
31129
1668
00:33
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
3
33408
2321
ื”ื™ื” ื›ื™ืฃ ืืžื™ืชื™.
00:35
In fact, I'm leaving.
4
35753
1492
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžืกืชืœืง ืžื›ืืŸ.
00:37
(Laughter)
5
37269
3906
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ื”ื™ื• ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ื”ื›ื ืก,
00:43
There have been three themes running through the conference,
6
43096
3567
00:46
which are relevant to what I want to talk about.
7
46687
2286
ืฉื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ืœืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืฉื•ื—ื— ืขืœื™ื•.
00:48
One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
8
48997
4470
ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื•ืคืœืื” ืœื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช
00:53
in all of the presentations that we've had
9
53491
2413
ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ื•ืืฆืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
00:55
and in all of the people here;
10
55928
1952
00:57
just the variety of it and the range of it.
11
57904
2651
- ืขืฆื ื”ืžื’ื•ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื—ืจ ืฉืœื”ืŸ -
01:01
The second is that it's put us in a place
12
61158
2143
ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”,
ืฉื–ื” ืžืขืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื” ื™ืงืจื”,
01:03
where we have no idea what's going to happen
13
63325
2497
01:05
in terms of the future.
14
65846
1391
ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“. ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’
01:07
No idea how this may play out.
15
67261
2985
ืื™ืš ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื™ืชืคืชื—ื•.
01:10
I have an interest in education.
16
70270
1622
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš--
01:11
Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.
17
71916
4412
ื‘ืขืฆื, ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื™ืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš.
01:16
Don't you?
18
76352
1317
ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:17
I find this very interesting.
19
77693
1402
ืื ืืชื” ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื”,
01:19
If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --
20
79119
3958
ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš...
ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืื™ื ืš ืžืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ืžืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช...
01:23
actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
21
83101
2745
01:25
(Laughter)
22
85870
3796
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:29
If you work in education, you're not asked.
23
89690
2428
...ืื ืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš. ืœื ืžื–ืžื™ื ื™ื ืื•ืชืš.
01:32
(Laughter)
24
92142
3179
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:35
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
25
95345
3959
ื•ื’ื ืœื ืชื•ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื‘, ืœืžืจื‘ื” ื”ืคืœื™ืื”...
01:39
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
26
99328
2216
ืืš ื ื ื™ื— ืฉื›ืŸ, ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืžื™ืฉื”ื•--
01:41
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
27
101568
1778
ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชืš, "ื‘ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง?"
01:43
and you say you work in education,
28
103370
1688
ื•ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš,
ื”ื“ื ืื•ื–ืœ ืžืคื ื™ื”ื: "ืืœื•ื”ื™ื, ืœืžื” ืื ื™?
01:45
you can see the blood run from their face.
29
105082
2049
01:47
They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
30
107155
1685
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:48
(Laughter)
31
108864
2276
01:51
"My one night out all week."
32
111164
1524
"ื•ืขื•ื“ ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืœื™." [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
01:52
(Laughter)
33
112712
2610
01:55
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,
34
115346
3241
ืืš ืื ืืชื” ืžื‘ื™ืข ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื”ื,
ื”ื ืžืฆืžื™ื“ื™ื ืื•ืชืš ืœืงื™ืจ,
01:58
because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?
35
118611
3407
ื›ื™ ื–ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื”ื•ืชื™ ื•ืขืžื•ืง ืืฆืœ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
ื›ืžื• ื“ืช, ื›ืกืฃ ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื.
02:02
Like religion and money and other things.
36
122042
3493
02:05
So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
37
125559
4442
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื‘ ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ.
ื”ื•ื ื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืœื ื• ืžืื“;
02:10
We have a huge vested interest in it,
38
130025
1802
02:11
partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future
39
131851
3320
ื—ืœืงื™ืช, ื›ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ื•ื ืฉืืžื•ืจ
ืœืงื—ืชื ื• ืืœ ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื•.
02:15
that we can't grasp.
40
135195
1654
02:16
If you think of it,
41
136873
1166
ืื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื–ื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืฉืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืฉื ื” ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ
02:18
children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.
42
138063
6122
ื™ืฆืื• ืœื’ื™ืžืœืื•ืช ื‘-2065.
02:25
Nobody has a clue,
43
145272
1571
ืœืื™ืฉ ืื™ืŸ ืžื•ืฉื’ -
02:26
despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,
44
146867
3559
ืœืžืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื•ืคื’ื ื” ื‘-4 ื”ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื--
ืื™ืš ื™ื™ืจืื” ื”ืขื•ืœื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืขื•ื“ 5 ืฉื ื™ื,
02:30
what the world will look like in five years' time.
45
150450
2526
ื•ืขื ื–ืืช ืื ื• ืืžื•ืจื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ืื•ืชื ืœืงืจืืช ื–ื”.
02:33
And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.
46
153000
2294
02:35
So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
47
155318
2550
ื›ืš ืฉืื™-ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
02:37
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
48
157892
3428
ื•ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื”ื•ื
ืฉื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื”, ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื›ื™ืžื™ื
02:41
on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --
49
161344
5305
ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืžืžืฉ-ืžื•ืคืœืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื--
02:46
their capacities for innovation.
50
166673
2335
ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ืœื—ื“ืฉ. ื”ื ื”, ืกืจื™ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคืœืื” ืืžืฉ,
02:49
I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?
51
169032
2789
02:51
Just seeing what she could do.
52
171845
1670
ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ืจืง ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ื”ื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ืœืช.
02:53
And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
53
173539
5549
ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฆืืช-ื“ื•ืคืŸ, ืืš ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืฉื‘ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื,
ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื—ืจื™ื’ื” ื›ืœืœ ื›ื™ืœื“ื”.
02:59
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
54
179112
2905
ืžื” ืฉืจืื™ืชื ื”ื•ื ืื“ื ื‘ืขืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืชืžืกืจื•ืช ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”
03:02
What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
55
182041
2831
03:04
who found a talent.
56
184896
1171
ืฉื’ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื›ืฉืจื•ืŸ.
ื•ืžืกืงื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื, ืฉืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืฉ ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื.
03:06
And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,
57
186091
2586
ื•ืื ื• ืžื‘ื–ื‘ื–ื™ื ืื•ืชื, ื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืื›ื–ืจื™ื•ืช.
03:08
and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
58
188701
2394
ืื– ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
03:11
So I want to talk about education,
59
191119
1857
03:13
and I want to talk about creativity.
60
193000
1872
ื•ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช. ื˜ืขื ืชื™ ื”ื™ื,
03:14
My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
61
194896
6096
ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื›ื™ื“ื™ืขืช ืงืจื•ื ื•ื›ืชื•ื‘.
ื•ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืขื ื™ืง ืœื” ืื•ืชื• ืžืขืžื“.
03:21
and we should treat it with the same status.
62
201016
2787
03:23
(Applause)
63
203827
1112
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
03:24
Thank you.
64
204963
1189
ืชื•ื“ื”.
03:26
(Applause)
65
206176
4285
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
03:30
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
66
210485
2286
ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ, ืื’ื‘. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
03:32
(Laughter)
67
212795
2115
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:34
So, 15 minutes left.
68
214934
1677
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ืชืจื• 15 ื“ืงื•ืช...
03:36
(Laughter)
69
216635
3157
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
03:39
"Well, I was born ... "
70
219816
1671
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื ื•ืœื“ืชื™... ืกืชื...
03:41
(Laughter)
71
221511
3471
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื ื”ื“ืจ. ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืœืกืคืจื•,
03:45
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
72
225006
2650
03:47
of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.
73
227680
2371
ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื” ืงื˜ื ื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฆื™ื•ืจ.
ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช ืฉืฉ, ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืžืื—ื•ืจ ื•ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช,
03:50
She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,
74
230075
2175
ื•ื”ืžื•ืจื” ืื•ืžืจืช ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืงื˜ื ื” ื”ื–ื• ื›ืžืขื˜ ืœื ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื”,
03:52
and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,
75
232274
2760
ื•ื‘ืื•ืชื• ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ-ืฆื™ื•ืจ ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ื”.
03:55
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
76
235058
1786
03:56
The teacher was fascinated.
77
236868
1340
ื”ืžื•ืจื” ื”ื•ืคืชืขื” ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืขื“ ืฉื ื™ื’ืฉื” ืืœื™ื” ื•ืฉืืœื”:
03:58
She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"
78
238232
2789
"ืžื” ืืช ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช?"
ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ืขื ืชื”, "ืื ื™ ืžืฆื™ื™ืจืช ืืช ืืœื•ื”ื™ื."
04:01
And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
79
241045
2491
04:04
And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
80
244642
3318
ืืžืจื” ื”ืžื•ืจื”, "ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืฉ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ืืœื•ื”ื™ื."
04:07
And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
81
247984
2088
ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ื” ื”ืฉื™ื‘ื”, "ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืจื’ืข ื™ื™ื“ืขื•."
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:10
(Laughter)
82
250096
6782
04:21
When my son was four in England --
83
261662
2727
ื›ืฉื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 4, ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื” -
04:24
actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
84
264413
2191
ื‘ืขืฆื ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 4 ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื, ืื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื ื•ืช... [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:26
(Laughter)
85
266628
1752
04:28
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
86
268404
3387
...ืื ืœื“ื™ื™ืง. ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืฉื ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืŸ 4 ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื™ื”.
04:31
He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
87
271815
2638
ื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื‘ื”ืฆื’ื” ืขืœ ืœื™ื“ืช ื™ืฉื•.
ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ?
04:34
(Laughter)
88
274477
1219
04:35
No, it was big, it was a big story.
89
275720
1827
ืœื, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ. ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
04:37
Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
90
277571
2305
ืžืœ ื’ื™ื‘ืกื•ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืกืจื˜-ื”ืžืฉืš. ืื•ืœื™ ืจืื™ืชื... [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:39
(Laughter)
91
279900
1261
04:41
"Nativity II."
92
281185
1561
"ืœื™ื“ื” 2".
04:42
But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.
93
282770
3884
ืื– ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืฉื™ื—ืง ืืช ื™ื•ืกืฃ, ื•ืื ื• ื ื•ืจื ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื ื•.
04:46
We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
94
286678
2906
ืจืื™ื ื• ื‘ื–ื” ืืช ืื—ื“ ื”ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื™ื™ื.
04:49
We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
95
289608
2487
ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืื•ื”ื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืœืฆื•ืช ื˜ื™:
"ื’'ื™ื™ืžืก ืจื•ื‘ื™ื ืกื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื™ื•ืกืฃ!" [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
04:52
"James Robinson IS Joseph!"
96
292119
1414
04:53
(Laughter)
97
293557
1033
04:54
He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?
98
294614
3628
ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข
ืฉื‘ื• 3 ื”ืžืœื›ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื. ื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื ื•ืฉืื™ ืžืชื ื•ืช,
04:58
They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.
99
298266
2685
ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ื–ื”ื‘, ืœื‘ื•ื ื” ื•ืžื•ืจ.
05:00
This really happened.
100
300975
1158
ื–ื” ืงืจื” ื‘ืืžืช. ื™ืฉื‘ื ื• ืฉื,
05:02
We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,
101
302157
3116
ื•ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื”ืชื‘ืœื‘ืœ ืœื”ื ื”ืกื“ืจ,
05:05
because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,
102
305297
2579
ื›ื™ ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื• ืื—"ื› ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ ื•ืืžืจื ื•,
05:07
"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
103
307900
2796
"ืืชื” ื‘ืกื“ืจ ืขื ื–ื”?" ื•ื”ื•ื ืขื ื”, "ื‘ื˜ื—. ืžื”, ื–ื” ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ?"
ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืฉื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืกื“ืจ, ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
05:10
They just switched.
104
310720
1156
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืฉืœื•ืฉืช ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื•,
05:11
The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.
105
311900
3310
ื‘ื ื™ 4, ืขื ืžื’ื‘ื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™ื, ื•ื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืชื™ื‘ื•ืช,
ื•ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื–ื”ื‘."
05:15
They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
106
315234
3322
ื•ื”ืฉื ื™ ืืžืจ, "ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืจ."
05:18
And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."
107
318580
2274
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
108
320878
2082
ื•ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ืืžืจ, "ืœื‘ื•-ื ื ืœืš."
05:22
(Laughter)
109
322984
5477
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
05:35
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
110
335711
3090
ื”ืžื›ื ื” ื”ืžืฉื•ืชืฃ ื›ืืŸ ื”ื•ื ืฉื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ.
05:38
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
111
338825
3482
ืื ืื™ื ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื™ื ืกื•.
05:42
Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
112
342331
3029
ืื ื™ ืฆื•ื“ืง? ื”ื ืœื ื—ื•ืฉืฉื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช.
05:45
I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
113
345924
3507
ืื™ื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืฉืœื˜ืขื•ืช ื–ื”ื” ืœ-ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™.
05:49
What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,
114
349886
3090
ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื”ื•ื,
ืฉืžื™ ืฉืื™ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืŸ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช,
05:53
you'll never come up with anything original --
115
353000
2367
ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ื™ืžืฆื™ื ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ ืžืงื•ืจื™.
05:55
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
116
355391
2580
ืื ืœื ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช.
05:57
And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.
117
357995
4443
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื‘ื’ืจื™ื, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืžืื‘ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื–ื•.
06:02
They have become frightened of being wrong.
118
362462
2464
ื”ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื•ืฉ ืœื˜ืขื•ืช.
06:04
And we run our companies like this.
119
364950
1690
ืื’ื‘, ื›ืš ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
06:06
We stigmatize mistakes.
120
366664
1652
ืื ื• ืžื•ืงื™ืขื™ื ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช.
06:08
And we're now running national education systems
121
368340
2302
ื•ื›ื™ื•ื ืื ื• ืžื ื”ืœื™ื ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช,
06:10
where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
122
370666
2539
ืฉื‘ื”ืŸ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ื™ ื’ืจื•ืข ื”ื•ื ืœื˜ืขื•ืช,
06:13
And the result is that we are educating people
123
373800
3108
ื•ื”ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื™ื›ื•ืœืชื ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ืช.
06:16
out of their creative capacities.
124
376932
2342
06:19
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.
125
379298
4427
ืคื™ืงืืกื• ืืžืจ ืคืขื,
ืฉื›ืœ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื ื•ืœื“ื™ื ืืžื ื™ื.
06:23
The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.
126
383749
3222
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืฉืืจ ืืžื ื™ื ื›ืฉื’ื“ืœื™ื.
06:26
I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,
127
386995
3232
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ื‘ื›ืš ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื‘ื™:
ืื™ื ื ื• ื’ื“ืœื™ื ื•ื ืขืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื,
06:30
we grow out of it.
128
390251
1705
ืืœื ืžืชืจื—ืงื™ื ืžื›ืš,
06:31
Or rather, we get educated out of it.
129
391980
1883
ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืชืจื—ืง ืžื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
06:34
So why is this?
130
394607
1903
ืžื“ื•ืข ื–ื” ื›ืš?
ืขื“ ืœืคื ื™ 5 ืฉื ื™ื ื’ืจืชื™ ื‘ืกื˜ืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“-ืื•ืŸ-ืื‘ื•ืŸ.
06:37
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
131
397124
2783
06:39
In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
132
399931
2253
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืกื˜ืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“ ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก.
06:42
So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
133
402912
2624
ืืชื ื•ื“ืื™ ืžืชืืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื ืื™ื–ื” ืžืขื‘ืจ ื—ืœืง ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”.
06:45
(Laughter)
134
405560
1416
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
06:47
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
135
407000
2376
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื’ืจื ื• ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืฉื ืกื ื™ื˜ืจืคื™ืœื“,
ืžืžืฉ ืœื™ื“ ืกื˜ืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“,
06:49
just outside Stratford,
136
409400
1251
ื•ืฉื ื ื•ืœื“ ืื‘ื™ื• ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ.
06:50
which is where Shakespeare's father was born.
137
410675
2635
ืขื‘ืจื” ืœื›ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื” ืคืชืื•ืžื™ืช? ืœื™ ื›ืŸ.
06:53
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
138
413334
2123
06:55
You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
139
415481
2595
ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉืœืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื‘ื, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
06:58
Do you?
140
418100
1373
ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื›ื™ ืื™ื ื›ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:59
Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
141
419497
2891
ืขืœ ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื›ืขืœ ื™ืœื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ ื‘ืŸ 7? ืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืขืœ ื–ื”. ื›ืœื•ืžืจ,
07:02
Shakespeare being seven?
142
422412
1264
07:03
I never thought of it.
143
423700
1176
07:04
I mean, he was seven at some point.
144
424900
1692
ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืŸ 7.
07:06
He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
145
426616
2266
ื”ื•ื ื•ื“ืื™ ืœืžื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืืฆืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:08
(Laughter)
146
428906
6787
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:15
How annoying would that be?
147
435717
1329
ืžื˜ืจื™ื“, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
07:17
(Laughter)
148
437070
3000
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:24
"Must try harder."
149
444939
1340
"ืชืฉืชื“ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ!"
07:26
(Laughter)
150
446303
3400
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:30
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"
151
450559
2981
ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœืžื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืœื™ ืืจื•ื—ืช ืขืจื‘.
ืื‘ื ืื•ืžืจ ืœื•: "ืœืš ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืœืžื™ื˜ื”!" ืœื•ื•ื™ืœื™ืื ืฉื™ื™ืงืกืคื™ืจ!
07:33
To William Shakespeare.
152
453564
1158
07:34
"And put the pencil down!"
153
454746
1271
"ืชื ื™ื— ืžื™ื“ ืืช ื”ืขืคืจื•ืŸ.
07:36
(Laughter)
154
456041
1075
"ื•ืชืคืกื™ืง ืœื“ื‘ืจ ื›ื›ื”!
07:37
"And stop speaking like that."
155
457140
1477
07:38
(Laughter)
156
458641
3579
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:42
"It's confusing everybody."
157
462244
1324
"ื–ื” ืžืื“ ืžื‘ืœื‘ืœ."
07:43
(Laughter)
158
463592
5270
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
07:48
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
159
468886
5186
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ืขื‘ืจื ื• ืžืกื˜ืจื˜ืคื•ืจื“ ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก,
07:54
and I just want to say a word about the transition.
160
474096
2476
ื‘ืขืฆื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ืจ.
07:56
Actually, my son didn't want to come.
161
476596
1802
ื‘ื ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื.
07:58
I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
162
478422
2395
ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื. ื‘ื ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื‘ืŸ 21 ื•ื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืช 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
163
480841
2203
ื”ื•ื ืœื ืจืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืœื•ืก ืื ื’'ืœืก. ื”ื™ื ืžืฆืื” ื—ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื•,
08:03
He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.
164
483068
3788
ืืš ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”.
08:06
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
165
486880
2857
ืื”ื‘ืช ื—ื™ื™ื•, ืฉืจื”.
08:09
He'd known her for a month.
166
489761
1375
ื”ื•ื ื”ื›ื™ืจ ืื•ืชื” ืจืง ื—ื•ื“ืฉ. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:11
(Laughter)
167
491160
1350
08:12
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
168
492534
3279
ื“ืขื• ืœื›ื ืฉื–ื” ื›ืžื• ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื•ืช ื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ,
08:15
because it's a long time when you're 16.
169
495837
1936
ื›ื™ ื‘ื’ื™ืœ 16 ื–ื” ื”ืžื•ืŸ ื–ืžืŸ.
08:17
He was really upset on the plane.
170
497797
1641
ื‘ื›ืœ ืื•ืคืŸ, ื”ื•ื ื”ื™ื” ืขืฆื•ื‘ ื‘ืžื˜ื•ืก,
08:19
He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
171
499462
2407
ื•ืืžืจ, "ืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืืžืฆื ื‘ื—ื•ืจื” ื›ืžื• ืฉืจื”,"
08:21
And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
172
501893
2314
ื•ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ื–ื” ืฉื™ืžื— ืื•ืชื ื• ืžืื“, ื›ื™...
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:24
(Laughter)
173
504231
4233
08:32
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
174
512434
2946
...ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืœื›ืš ืฉืขื–ื‘ื ื•.
08:35
(Laughter)
175
515404
3000
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
08:41
But something strikes you when you move to America
176
521141
2362
ืืš ืืชื” ืงื•ืœื˜ ืžืฉื”ื•, ื›ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืœืืžืจื™ืงื”
08:43
and travel around the world:
177
523527
1367
ื•ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
08:44
every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
178
524918
3647
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉ ืื•ืชื” ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื ื•ืฉืื™ื.
08:48
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
179
528589
1903
ื‘ื›ื•ืœืŸ. ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื™ืคื”. ืื•ืœื™ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื ืฉื–ื” ืื—ืจืช. ืืš ืœื.
08:50
You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
180
530516
2270
ื‘ืจืืฉ ื ื™ืฆื‘ื•ืช ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืฉืคื•ืช,
08:52
At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.
181
532810
2981
ืื—ืจ ื›ืš ื”ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื, ื•ื‘ืชื—ืชื™ืช - ื”ืืžื ื•ื™ื•ืช.
08:55
At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.
182
535815
2291
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช.
ื•ื›ืžืขื˜ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื™ืฉ ื’ื ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื•ืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช.
08:58
And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.
183
538130
4365
09:02
Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
184
542519
2857
ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืช ื•ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื” ื–ื•ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœืžืขืžื“ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:05
than drama and dance.
185
545400
1428
ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื“ืจืžื” ื•ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ.
09:06
There isn't an education system on the planet
186
546852
2107
ืื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืื—ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื
09:08
that teaches dance every day to children
187
548983
1919
ืฉื‘ื” ื”ืžื•ืจื™ื ืจื•ืงื“ื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ื‘ืคื ื™ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื
09:10
the way we teach them mathematics.
188
550926
1650
ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืจืฆื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”.
09:12
Why?
189
552600
1158
ืžื“ื•ืข?
09:13
Why not?
190
553782
1167
ืžื“ื•ืข ืœื? ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื–ื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
09:14
I think this is rather important.
191
554973
1594
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื”. ืืš ื›ืš ื’ื ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ.
09:16
I think math is very important, but so is dance.
192
556591
2264
09:18
Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
193
558879
2880
ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื™ืจืงื“ื• ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืื ื™ืืคืฉืจื• ืœื”ื. ื›ืš ื’ื ื›ื•ืœื ื•.
ืœื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ืฉ ื’ื•ืฃ, ื ื›ื•ืŸ? ื”ื—ืžืฆืชื™ ืื™ื–ื” ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ?
09:21
We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
194
561783
2450
09:24
(Laughter)
195
564257
3364
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
09:27
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,
196
567645
2321
ืœืžืขืŸ ื”ืืžืช, ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื”ื•ื,
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื’ื“ืœื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœื—ื ืš ืื•ืชื
09:29
we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.
197
569990
2714
ื‘ื”ื“ืจื’ื” ืžื”ืžืชื ื™ื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืžืขืœื”,
09:32
And then we focus on their heads.
198
572728
1626
ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืžืชืจื›ื–ื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ, ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
09:34
And slightly to one side.
199
574378
1490
ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื›ื—ื™ื™ื–ืจื™ื,
09:37
If you were to visit education as an alien
200
577044
2071
09:39
and say "What's it for, public education?"
201
579139
2981
ื•ืฉื•ืืœื™ื, "ืœืžื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื˜ื•ื‘?"
09:42
I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,
202
582144
2727
ืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืœืงื‘ื•ืข-- ืื ืชืฉืคื˜ื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืชื•ืฆืจืช,
09:44
who really succeeds by this,
203
584895
1357
ืœืคื™ ืืœื” ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ืฉืฆืจื™ืš,
09:46
who does everything they should,
204
586276
1700
ื”ื ื—ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื–ื•ื›ื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ืงื•ื“ื•ืช, ื”ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื--
09:48
who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
205
588000
2731
09:50
I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
206
590755
3238
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืชื™ืืœืฆื• ืœื”ืกื™ืง ืฉื›ืœ ืžื˜ืจืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
09:54
throughout the world
207
594017
1198
ื”ื™ื ืœื™ื™ืฆืจ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
09:55
is to produce university professors.
208
595239
1979
09:57
Isn't it?
209
597718
1168
09:58
They're the people who come out the top.
210
598910
1984
ืืœื” ื ื—ืฉื‘ื™ื ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื.
ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื›ื–ื”. ื”ืจื™ ืœื›ื.
10:00
And I used to be one, so there.
211
600918
1819
10:02
(Laughter)
212
602761
3697
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
10:06
And I like university professors,
213
606482
1600
ืื ื™ ืื•ื”ื‘ ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”, ืื‘ืœ ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
10:08
but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up
214
608106
1915
ืื™ื ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื ื•ืคืฃ ื‘ื”ื ื›ืžื•ืคืช ืœื›ืœ ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช.
10:10
as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
215
610045
2931
ื”ื ืจืง ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช,
10:13
They're just a form of life.
216
613000
2113
10:15
Another form of life.
217
615137
1423
ืจืง ืฆื•ืจืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคืช. ืืš ื”ื ื“ื™ ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื,
10:16
But they're rather curious.
218
616584
1397
ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ื–ืืช ืžืชื•ืš ื—ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื.
10:18
And I say this out of affection for them:
219
618005
1964
10:19
there's something curious about professors.
220
619993
2075
ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื™, ื™ืฉ ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื–ืจ ื‘ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจื™ื -
ืœื ื›ื•ืœื-- ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืจืืฉ.
10:22
In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
221
622092
3746
10:25
They live up there and slightly to one side.
222
625862
2143
ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉื ืœืžืขืœื”, ืžืขื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืฆื“ ืžืกื•ื™ื.
10:28
They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
223
628495
3436
ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช ื”ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™-ื’ื•ืฃ, ื“ื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ื• ื›ืžืฉืžืขื•.
10:31
They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
224
631955
3150
ื”ื ืจื•ืื™ื ื‘ื’ื•ืคื
ืžืขื™ืŸ ืžืขืจื›ืช ืชื•ื‘ืœื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืจืืฉื™ื”ื.
10:35
(Laughter)
225
635129
6047
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
10:41
Don't they?
226
641200
1377
10:42
It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
227
642601
2145
ืืžืฆืขื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืืฉ ืœื™ืฉื™ื‘ื•ืช.
10:44
(Laughter)
228
644770
5228
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ืื’ื‘, ืื ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช ืžื—ืคืฉื™ื ืขื“ื•ืช ืœื—ื•ื•ื™ื•ืช ื—ื•ืฅ-ื’ื•ืคื™ื•ืช,
10:50
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,
229
650022
3922
10:53
get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics
230
653968
3475
ื–ืžื ื• ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ืœื•ืขื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ืืงื“ืžืื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืจื™ื,
10:57
and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
231
657467
2351
ื•ืชืงืคืฆื• ืœื“ื™ืกืงื•ื˜ืง ื‘ืขืจื‘ ื”ืกื™ื•ื.
10:59
(Laughter)
232
659842
2612
[ืฆื—ื•ืง] ืชืจืื• ืฉื ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
11:02
And there, you will see it.
233
662478
1356
11:03
Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
234
663858
4493
ืžืชืขื•ื•ืชื™ื ืœืœื-ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืงืฆื‘,
11:08
(Laughter)
235
668375
2492
11:10
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
236
670891
3325
ืžื—ื›ื™ื ืฉื–ื” ื™ื™ื’ืžืจ,
ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืกืชืœืง ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื–ื” ืžืืžืจ.
11:14
(Laughter)
237
674240
1981
11:16
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
238
676245
3861
ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื• ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ืช.
ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื›ืš ืกื™ื‘ื”.
11:20
And there's a reason.
239
680130
1171
11:21
Around the world, there were no public systems of education,
240
681325
3629
ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื”ื•ืžืฆืื”-- ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื
ืœื ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืืžืช ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-19.
11:24
really, before the 19th century.
241
684978
2107
ื›ื•ืœืŸ ื ื•ืฆืจื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ื“ืจื™ืฉื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืขื•ืฉ.
11:27
They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.
242
687109
3247
ื›ืš ืฉื”ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื’ื ืช ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช.
11:30
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
243
690380
2052
11:32
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.
244
692456
4562
ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”
ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืจืฉื™ืžื”. ื›ืš ืฉื›ื ืจืื” ื”ื™ื˜ื• ืืชื›ื ื‘ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช,
11:37
So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school
245
697042
3033
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™"ืก, ื”ืจื—ืง ืžื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื”ื‘ืชื
11:40
when you were a kid,
246
700099
1152
11:41
things you liked,
247
701275
1153
ื‘ื ื™ืžื•ืง ืฉืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ื–ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
11:42
on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.
248
702452
2442
11:44
Is that right?
249
704918
1151
"ืืœ ืชืขืกื•ืง ื‘ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”, ื”ืจื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืžื•ืกื™ืงืื™;"
11:46
"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
250
706093
2412
"ืืœ ืชืชืขืกืง ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช, ื›ื™ ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืืžืŸ."
11:48
don't do art, you won't be an artist."
251
708529
1851
ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ืžืขื•ื“ืŸ, ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื, ืžื•ื˜ืขื” ืžื™ืกื•ื“ื•.
11:50
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
252
710404
2746
11:53
The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
253
713174
2145
ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื”ืคื›ื”.
11:55
And the second is academic ability,
254
715343
2097
ื•ื”ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ื ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื,
11:57
which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,
255
717464
2819
ืฉืžืžืฉ ื”ืฉืชืœื˜ ืขืœ ื”ืฉืงืคืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”,
ื›ื™ ื”ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช ืžืขืฆื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžืขืจื›ืช ื‘ื“ืžื•ืชืŸ.
12:00
because the universities design the system in their image.
256
720307
2739
ืื ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”,
12:03
If you think of it,
257
723070
1151
ื›ืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ืขื•ืœื
12:04
the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process
258
724245
3664
ื”ื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ื›ื ื™ืกื” ืœืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ื”.
12:07
of university entrance.
259
727933
1151
ื•ืขืงื‘ ื›ืš ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื, ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื ื•ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื™ื,
12:09
And the consequence is that many highly talented,
260
729108
2293
12:11
brilliant, creative people think they're not,
261
731425
2518
ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉื”ื ื ื˜ื•ืœื™-ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื,
12:13
because the thing they were good at at school
262
733967
2133
ื›ื™ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ื ื”ื™ื• ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก
ืœื ื–ื›ื• ืœื”ืขืจื›ื”, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื•ืงืขื•.
12:16
wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
263
736124
2302
12:18
And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
264
738450
2229
ื•ืœื“ืขืชื™ ืื™ื ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืจืฉื•ืช ืœืขืฆืžื ื• ืœื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื›ืš.
12:20
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
265
740703
2287
ื‘-30 ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื‘ืื•ืช, ืœืคื™ 'ืื•ื ืกืง"ื•',
12:23
more people worldwide will be graduating through education
266
743014
3406
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
ื™ืกื™ื™ืžื• ื›ื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื ืืช ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืžืืฉืจ ืื™-ืคืขื ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”.
12:26
than since the beginning of history.
267
746444
2195
12:28
More people.
268
748663
1157
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืฉื™ื, ื•ื–ื”ื• ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืขืœื™ื• -
12:29
And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:
269
749844
2921
ื”ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขืชื” ืขืœ ืื•ืคื™ ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”,
12:32
technology and its transformational effect on work,
270
752789
2393
ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ื” ื•ื”ืชืคื•ืฆืฆื•ืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืŸ ื”ืขืฆื•ืžื”.
12:35
and demography and the huge explosion in population.
271
755206
2478
12:37
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
272
757708
2437
ืœืคืชืข ื”ืชืืจื™ื ืื™ื ื ืฉื•ื•ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจ. ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:40
Isn't that true?
273
760169
1677
12:41
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
274
761870
2981
ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜, ืื ื”ื™ื” ืœืš ืชื•ืืจ, ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
12:44
If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.
275
764875
2798
ืื ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืš ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื–ื” ื›ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืช.
12:47
And I didn't want one, frankly.
276
767697
2334
ื•ื”ืืžืช, ืื ื™ ืœื ืจืฆื™ืชื™. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
12:50
(Laughter)
277
770055
1591
ืืš ื›ื™ื•ื, ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืขื ืชืืจื™ื ืœืขืชื™ื ืงืจื•ื‘ื•ืช
12:51
But now kids with degrees are often heading home
278
771670
3805
ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ืœืฉื—ืง ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ื•ื™ื“ืื•,
12:55
to carry on playing video games,
279
775499
1794
12:57
because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
280
777317
3048
ื›ื™ ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืื-ืื™ื™ ืœืžืฉืจื” ืฉื“ืจืฉื” ืคืขื ืจืง ื‘ื™-ืื™ื™,
ื•ืชื•ืืจ ื“ื•ืงื˜ื•ืจ ืœื›ืœ ื”ืฉืืจ.
13:00
and now you need a PhD for the other.
281
780389
1787
13:02
It's a process of academic inflation.
282
782200
1776
ื–ื”ื• ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืœ ืื™ื ืคืœืฆื™ื” ืืงื“ืžื™ืช.
13:04
And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.
283
784000
3756
ื•ื”ื•ื ืžื•ืจื” ืขืœ ื›ืš ืฉื›ืœ ืžื‘ื ื” ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ืžืฉืชื ื” ืžืชื—ืช ืœืจื’ืœื™ื ื•.
ืื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™ ื‘ื”ืฉืงืคืชื ื• ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื”.
13:07
We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
284
787780
2542
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื: .
13:10
We know three things about intelligence.
285
790346
1924
ืื—ื“, ื”ื™ื ืžื’ื•ื•ื ืช. ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื“ืจื›ื™ื
13:12
One, it's diverse.
286
792294
1151
13:13
We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.
287
793469
2981
ื‘ื”ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ืื•ืชื•. ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื™ื–ื•ืืœื™ืช,
13:16
We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
288
796474
2977
ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฆืœื™ืœ, ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ ื”ืชืžืฆืื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘.
ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžื•ืฉื’ื™ื ืžื•ืคืฉื˜ื™ื, ื•ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ืขื”.
13:19
We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
289
799475
2321
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
290
801820
1996
ืฉื ื™ืช, ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื™ื ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช.
13:24
If you look at the interactions of a human brain,
291
804673
2303
ืื ืžืชื‘ื•ื ื ื™ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™,
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืฉืžืขื ื• ืืชืžื•ืœ ื‘ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืจืฆืื•ืช,
13:27
as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,
292
807000
3023
ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ืช ืœื”ืคืœื™ื.
13:30
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
293
810047
2158
13:32
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
294
812229
2238
ื”ืžื•ื— ืื™ื ื• ืžื—ื•ืœืง ืœืžื“ื•ืจื™ื.
13:34
In fact, creativity --
295
814872
1574
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช-- ืฉืื ื™ ืžื’ื“ื™ืจ ื›ืชื”ืœื™ืš
13:36
which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --
296
816470
4020
ืฉืœ ื”ืขืœืืช ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืงื•ืจื™ื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™-ืขืจืš,
13:40
more often than not comes about
297
820514
1930
ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื’ื•ืžืœื™ืŸ
13:42
through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
298
822468
3557
ืฉื‘ื™ืŸ ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจืื™ื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ื™ื ื• ื‘ืžื›ื•ื•ืŸ-- ืื’ื‘,
13:47
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,
299
827472
3631
ื™ืฉ ืžืขื‘ืจ ืขืฆื‘ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื—ืฆืื™ ื”ืžื•ื—
13:51
called the corpus callosum.
300
831127
1298
ื”ืงืจื•ื™ ื›ืคื™ืก-ื”ืžื•ื—. ื”ื•ื ืขื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืืฆืœ ื ืฉื™ื
13:52
It's thicker in women.
301
832449
1221
13:54
Following off from Helen yesterday,
302
834471
1723
ืื ืœืฉืคื•ื˜ ืœืคื™ ื”ืœืŸ ืžืืชืžื•ืœ, ืœื“ืขืชื™
13:56
this is probably why women are better at multitasking.
303
836218
3011
ื–ื• ืื•ืœื™ ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืžื“ื•ืข ื ืฉื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืจื™ื‘ื•ื™-ืžืฉื™ืžื•ืช
13:59
Because you are, aren't you?
304
839253
1825
ืืชืŸ ื‘ืืžืช ื›ืืœื”, ืœื?
14:01
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
305
841102
3334
ื™ืฉ ืžื—ืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื›ืš. ืืš ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื ืกื™ื•ื ื™ ื”ืื™ืฉื™,
14:04
If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...
306
844865
2935
ืื ืืฉืชื™ ืžื‘ืฉืœืช ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ืืจื•ื—ื”--
ืžื” ืฉืœื ืงื•ืจื” ื”ืจื‘ื”,
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืืœ.
14:09
thankfully.
307
849224
1166
14:10
(Laughter)
308
850414
2690
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื”ื™ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื”ื,
14:13
No, she's good at some things.
309
853128
1452
14:14
But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,
310
854604
2895
ืืš ืื ื”ื™ื ืžื‘ืฉืœืช,
ื”ื™ื ืžืฉื•ื—ื—ืช ื‘ื•-ื–ืžื ื™ืช ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ,
14:17
she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
311
857523
2647
ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื, ืžืกื™ื™ื“ืช ืืช ื”ืชืงืจื”,
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:20
(Laughter)
312
860194
1015
ืžื‘ืฆืขืช ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืœื‘ ืคืชื•ื—.
14:21
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
313
861233
2025
14:23
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
314
863282
2998
ืื ืื ื™ ืžื‘ืฉืœ, ื”ื“ืœืช ืกื’ื•ืจื”, ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ,
14:26
the phone's on the hook,
315
866304
1239
ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื ื•ืชืง, ื•ืื ื”ื™ื ื ื›ื ืกืช ื–ื” ืžืคืจื™ืข ืœื™. ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ,
14:27
if she comes in, I get annoyed.
316
867567
1690
14:29
I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
317
869281
2790
"ื˜ืจื™, ื‘ื‘ืงืฉื”, ืื ื™ ืžื ืกื” ืœื˜ื’ืŸ ื‘ื™ืฆื”, ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืš!"
14:32
(Laughter)
318
872095
6730
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
14:39
"Give me a break."
319
879254
1200
"ืชืขื–ื‘ื™ ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ืฉืงื˜!"
14:40
(Laughter)
320
880478
1720
14:42
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,
321
882222
2499
ืœืžืขืฉื”, ืืชื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื˜ืข ื”ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ ื”ื”ื•ื,
14:44
"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"
322
884745
3483
ืื ืขืฅ ื ื•ืคืœ ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืฉ ืื™ื ื• ืฉื•ืžืข,
ื”ืื ื–ื” ืงืจื”? ื–ื•ื›ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืฅ ื”ื”ื•ื?
14:48
Remember that old chestnut?
323
888252
1329
14:49
I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,
324
889605
2910
ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืœืฆืช ื˜ื™ ื ื”ื“ืจืช ืฉืขืœื™ื” ื›ืชื•ื‘:
14:52
"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,
325
892539
3437
"ืื ื’ื‘ืจ ืžื‘ื™ืข ืืช ื“ืขืชื• ื‘ื™ืขืจ ื•ืื™ืŸ ืื™ืฉื” ืฉืฉื•ืžืขืช ืื•ืชื•,
"ื”ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื˜ื•ืขื”?"
14:56
is he still wrong?"
326
896000
1396
14:57
(Laughter)
327
897420
5606
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:05
And the third thing about intelligence is,
328
905089
2039
ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืฉืœื™ืฉื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืื™ื ื˜ืœื™ื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื”ื•ื,
15:07
it's distinct.
329
907152
1369
ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื•ื‘ื”ืงืช.
15:09
I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"
330
909114
2504
ืื ื™ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืขืœ ืกืคืจ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘ืฉื "ื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช",
ืฉืžื‘ื•ืกืก ืขืœ ืกื“ืจืช ืจืื™ื•ื ื•ืช, ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืกืคืจื™ื
15:11
which is based on a series of interviews with people
331
911642
2441
ืื™ืš ื’ื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ืฉืจื•ื ื.
15:14
about how they discovered their talent.
332
914107
1864
15:15
I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
333
915995
2121
ืžืจืชืง ืื•ืชื™ ืื™ืš ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื›ืš.
ื–ื” ื”ื—ืœ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžืฉื™ื—ื” ืฉื”ื™ืชื” ืœื™ ืขื ืื™ืฉื” ื ืคืœืื”,
15:18
It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman
334
918140
3191
ืฉืžืจื‘ื™ืช ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ืฉืžืขื• ืื•ื“ื•ืชื™ื”,
15:21
who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
335
921355
2677
ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืœื™ืŸ, ืฉืžืขืชื ืขืœื™ื”?
15:24
Have you heard of her? Some have.
336
924056
1596
ื›ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•. ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืจื™ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช
15:25
She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.
337
925676
2452
ื•ื›ื•ืœื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ืชื”.
ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ืืช "ืงืื˜ืก" ื•ืืช "ืคื ื˜ื•ื ื”ืื•ืคืจื”".
15:28
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
338
928152
2016
ื”ื™ื ื ื”ื“ืจืช. ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื”ื ื”ืœืช ื”ื‘ืœื˜ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™ ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ื”,
15:30
She's wonderful.
339
930192
1151
15:31
I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
340
931367
2947
ื›ืžื• ืฉืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื. [ืฆื—ื•ืง]
15:34
(Laughter)
341
934338
1929
ืกืขื“ื ื• ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื•ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื”:
15:36
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"
342
936291
3525
"ืื™ืš ื”ื’ืขืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช?" ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
15:39
It was interesting.
343
939840
1151
ื•ื–ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ. ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก,
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื—ืกืจืช-ืชืงื ื”,
15:41
When she was at school, she was really hopeless.
344
941015
2247
15:43
And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,
345
943286
2789
ื•ื‘ื™ื”"ืก, ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื•ืฉื™ื, ื›ืชื‘ ืœื”ื•ืจื™ื”:
"ืœื“ืขืชื ื• ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืกื•ื‘ืœืช ืžืœื™ืงื•ื™-ืœืžื™ื“ื”."
15:46
"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."
346
946099
2035
ื”ื™ื ืœื ื™ื›ืœื” ืœื”ืชืจื›ื–, ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืชื ื•ืขืขืช ื‘ืขืฆื‘ื ื•ืช.
15:48
She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.
347
948158
2098
ืœื“ืขืชื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื” ื”ืคืจืขืช-ืงืฉื‘, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
15:50
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
348
950280
1877
15:52
Wouldn't you?
349
952181
1299
15:53
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
350
953504
4177
ืืš ืืœื” ื”ื™ื• ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-30, ื•ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืžืฆื™ืื• ืืช ื–ื”.
15:57
It wasn't an available condition.
351
957705
2040
ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื–ื• ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ื–ืžื™ื ื”.
15:59
(Laughter)
352
959769
3215
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
ืื ืฉื™ื ืœื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื”.
16:03
People weren't aware they could have that.
353
963008
2042
[ืฆื—ื•ืง]
16:05
(Laughter)
354
965074
2425
16:07
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
355
967523
4176
ื”ื™ื ื”ืœื›ื” ืœืžื•ืžื—ื” ืื—ื“,
16:11
So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,
356
971723
3707
ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืžืฆื•ืคื” ืขืฅ-ืืœื•ืŸ. ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื ืขื ืื™ืžื”,
ื”ื•ืฉื™ื‘ื• ืื•ืชื” ืขืœ ื›ื™ืกื ื‘ืงืฆื”,
16:15
and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
357
975454
2327
16:17
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,
358
977805
1945
ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ืฉื‘ื” 20 ื“ืงื•ืช ืขืœ ื›ืคื•ืช ื™ื“ื™ื”,
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืื™ืฉ ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉื•ื—ื— ืขื ืื™ืžื”
16:19
while this man talked to her mother
359
979774
1681
ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ื‘ื‘ื™ื”"ืก.
16:21
about all the problems Gillian was having at school,
360
981479
2464
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ --
16:23
because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.
361
983967
3549
ื›ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžื•ื˜ืจื“ื™ื ืžืžืฆื‘ื”, ื”ื™ื ืื™ื—ืจื” ื‘ื”ื›ื ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื”ื‘ื™ืช ื•ื›ื•'
ื™ืœื“ื” ื‘ืช 8--
16:27
Little kid of eight.
362
987540
1151
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืจื•ืคื ื ื™ื’ืฉ, ื™ืฉื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ื•ืืžืจ:
16:28
In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,
363
988715
2911
16:31
"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.
364
991650
2713
"ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ, ื”ืงืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื™ืžืš ืกื™ืคืจื” ืœื™,
"ื•ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืชื” ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช."
16:34
I need to speak to her privately.
365
994387
1594
"ื—ื›ื™ ื›ืืŸ, ืชื™ื›ืฃ ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ. ื–ื” ืœื ื™ื™ืงื— ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ."
16:36
Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"
366
996005
2316
16:38
and they went and left her.
367
998345
2650
ื•ื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ื•ื”ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื“.
16:41
But as they went out of the room,
368
1001019
1640
ืืš ื‘ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ื•ืฆื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืจื“ื™ื•
16:42
he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.
369
1002683
2856
ืฉืขืžื“ ืขืœ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื•,
16:45
And when they got out of the room,
370
1005563
1638
ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืื• ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ, ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœืื™ืžื”:
16:47
he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."
371
1007225
2378
"ืขื™ืžื“ื™ ื•ื”ืชืกืชื›ืœื™ ื‘ื”." ื•ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื™ืฆืื•,
16:49
And the minute they left the room,
372
1009627
2512
ื›ืš ืกื™ืคืจื”, ื”ื™ื ืงืคืฆื” ืขืœ ืจื’ืœื™ื” ื•ื”ืชื ื•ืขืขื” ืขื ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงื”.
16:52
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
373
1012163
2595
16:54
And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,
374
1014782
3503
ื”ื ืฆืคื• ื‘ื” ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช, ื•ื”ื•ื ืคื ื” ืืœ ืื™ืžื” ื•ืืžืจ:
"ื’ื‘ืจืช ืœื™ืŸ, ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืื™ื ื” ื—ื•ืœื”. ื”ื™ื ืจืงื“ื ื™ืช.
16:58
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.
375
1018309
1979
17:00
She's a dancer.
376
1020312
1664
"ืงื—ื™ ืื•ืชื” ืœื‘ื™"ืก ืœืžื—ื•ืœ."
17:03
Take her to a dance school."
377
1023338
1386
17:04
I said, "What happened?"
378
1024748
1228
ืฉืืœืชื™, "ื•ืžื” ืงืจื” ืื–?" ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”:
17:06
She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
379
1026000
2976
"ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื”.
"ืื™ื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืชืืจ ืœืš ื›ืžื” ื ื”ื“ืจ ื–ื” ื”ื™ื”.
"ื ื›ื ืกื ื• ืœื—ื“ืจ ืžืœื ื‘ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืžื•ื ื™.
17:09
We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --
380
1029000
2829
17:11
people who couldn't sit still,
381
1031853
2222
"ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉืงื˜.
17:14
people who had to move to think."
382
1034099
2907
"ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘."
ืฉืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืชื ื•ืขืข ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
17:17
Who had to move to think.
383
1037030
1832
17:18
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.
384
1038886
3610
ื”ื ืจืงื“ื• ื‘ืœื˜, 'ื˜ืืค', ื’'ืื–,
ืžื—ื•ืœ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™, ืžื—ื•ืœ ืขื›ืฉื•ื•ื™.
17:22
She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.
385
1042520
2746
ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื—ื ื” ืœื‘ื™ื”"ืก ืœื‘ืœื˜ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™,
ื•ื ืขืฉืชื” ืกื•ืœื™ืกื˜ื™ืช. ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื” ืงืจื™ื™ืจื” ื ืคืœืื” ื‘ื‘ืœื˜ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™.
17:25
She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
386
1045290
3253
ื”ื™ื ืกื™ื™ืžื” ืืช ื‘ื™"ืก ื”ื‘ืœื˜ ื”ืžืœื›ื•ืชื™
17:28
She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,
387
1048567
2555
ื•ื™ื™ืกื“ื” ืœื”ืงื” ืžืฉืœื”, "ืœื”ืงืช ื”ืžื—ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื’'ื™ืœื™ืืŸ ืœื™ืŸ",
17:31
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
388
1051146
1928
17:33
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
389
1053098
1237
ืคื’ืฉื” ืืช ืื ื“ืจื• ืœื•ื™ื“ ื•ื•ื‘ืจ.
17:34
She's been responsible for
390
1054359
1296
ื”ื™ืชื” ืื—ืจืื™ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ืคืงื•ืช ื”ืชื™ืื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื™ืงืœื™ื•ืช
17:35
some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,
391
1055679
3148
ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”, ื”ืกื‘ื” ืขื•ื ื’ ืœืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ื,
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
392
1058851
1596
ื•ื”ื™ื ืžื•ืœื˜ื™-ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ืจื™ืช.
17:40
and she's a multimillionaire.
393
1060471
1407
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืื—ืจ ื”ื™ื” ืื•ืœื™ ืจื•ืฉื ืœื” ืชืจื•ืคื•ืช ื•ืื•ืžืจ ืœื” ืœื”ื™ืจื’ืข.
17:41
Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
394
1061902
3710
17:45
(Applause)
395
1065636
6782
ืœื“ืขืชื™...
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืœื“ืขืชื™, ื–ื• ืชืžืฆื™ืช ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ: ืืœ ื’ื•ืจ ื“ื™ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื—ื“ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™ื
17:53
What I think it comes to is this:
396
1073603
1573
17:55
Al Gore spoke the other night
397
1075200
1776
ืขืœ ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”, ื•ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ืฉื”ื—ืœื” ืจื™ื™ืฆ'ืœ ืงืจืกื•ืŸ.
17:57
about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
398
1077000
4519
ืื ื™ ืžืืžื™ืŸ ืฉืชืงื•ื•ืชื ื• ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœืขืชื™ื“
18:02
I believe our only hope for the future
399
1082257
2112
18:04
is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
400
1084393
3875
ื”ื™ื ืœืืžืฅ ืชืคื™ืกื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื”ืืงื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช,
ืฉื‘ื” ื ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืืจื’ืŸ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื”ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ื• ืื ื• ืชื•ืคืฉื™ื
18:08
one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
401
1088292
2527
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
402
1090843
2261
ืืช ืขื•ืฉืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
18:13
Our education system has mined our minds
403
1093128
3371
ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ืฉืœื ื• ื—ืคืจื” ืขื“ ื›ื” ื‘ืžื•ื—ื•ืชื™ื ื•
18:16
in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.
404
1096523
3441
ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื• ื›ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืขื•ืฉืงื™ื ืืช ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ:
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืฆืจืš ืžืกื•ื™ื.
18:20
And for the future, it won't serve us.
405
1100377
2422
ื•ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš, ื–ื” ืœื ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืชื ื•.
18:22
We have to rethink the fundamental principles
406
1102823
2153
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœืฉืงื•ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืขืงืจื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“
ืขืœื™ื”ื ืื ื• ืžื—ื ื›ื™ื ืืช ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•.
18:25
on which we're educating our children.
407
1105000
2063
18:27
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,
408
1107087
2674
ื™ืฉ ืฆื™ื˜ื•ื˜ ื ื”ื“ืจ ืžืืช ื’'ื•ื ื” ืกืืœืง, ืฉืืžืจ,
18:29
"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,
409
1109785
5097
"ืื ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืจืงื™ื ื™ื™ื›ื—ื“ื• ืžืขืœ ืคื ื™ ื”ืื“ืžื”,
18:34
within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.
410
1114906
2783
"ื™ื™ืขืœืžื• ืชื•ืš 50 ืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœื™-ืื“ืžื•ืช.
18:38
If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,
411
1118770
3037
"ืื ื›ืœ ื‘ื ื™ ื”ืื“ื ื™ื™ื›ื—ื“ื• ืžืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
18:41
within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."
412
1121831
2634
"ืชื•ืš 50 ืฉื ื” ื›ืœ ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื™ืฉื’ืฉื’ื•."
18:45
And he's right.
413
1125378
1285
ื•ื”ื•ื ืฆื•ื“ืง.
18:47
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
414
1127390
3731
TED ืžืขืœื” ืขืœ ื ืก ืืช ืžืชื ืช ื”ื“ืžื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
18:51
We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,
415
1131533
4234
ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืงืคื™ื“ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžืชื ื” ื–ื• ื‘ื—ื•ื›ืžื”
18:55
and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.
416
1135791
3229
ื•ืœื”ืกื™ื˜ ืžืžืกืœื•ืœื ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืชืกืจื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœื™ื”ื ืฉื•ื—ื—ื ื•.
ื•ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืœื›ืš ื”ื™ื,
18:59
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
417
1139044
3755
ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฉืจ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœ ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืชื™ื ื• ื”ื™ืฆื™ืจืชื™ื•ืช,
19:02
for the richness they are
418
1142823
1787
19:04
and seeing our children for the hope that they are.
419
1144634
3182
ื•ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื• ืืช ื”ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื ืžื’ืœืžื™ื.
19:07
And our task is to educate their whole being,
420
1147840
2398
ื•ืžืฉื™ืžืชื ื• ื”ื™ื ืœื—ื ื›ื ื›ืื“ื ืฉืœื, ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืขืชื™ื“ ื–ื”.
19:10
so they can face this future.
421
1150262
1413
19:11
By the way -- we may not see this future,
422
1151699
2505
ืื’ื‘, ืื ื• ืื•ืœื™ ืœื ื ื–ื›ื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืขืชื™ื“ ื–ื”,
19:14
but they will.
423
1154228
1563
ืืš ื”ื ื›ืŸ. ื•ืชืคืงื™ื“ื ื• ื”ื•ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืœื”ื
19:15
And our job is to help them make something of it.
424
1155815
2718
ืœื”ืคื™ืง ืžืžื ื• ืžืฉื”ื•. ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
19:18
Thank you very much.
425
1158557
1185
19:19
(Applause)
426
1159766
5447
[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7