Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

23,158,026 views ・ 2007-01-07

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Translator: Mailis Laos Reviewer: Triin Sinissaar
Hommikust! Kuidas läheb? Siin on olnud väga huvitav, eks?
00:27
Good morning. How are you?
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00:29
(Audience) Good.
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00:31
It's been great, hasn't it?
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See kõik on nii tiivustav,
00:33
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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00:35
In fact, I'm leaving.
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et mu jalad ei ulatu varsti enam maha. (Naer)
00:37
(Laughter)
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Seda konverentsi on läbinud kolm teemat,
00:43
There have been three themes running through the conference,
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mis on seotud sellega, millest
00:46
which are relevant to what I want to talk about.
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00:48
One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
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tahan teile rääkida.
Esimene on see erakordne loomingulisus,
00:53
in all of the presentations that we've had
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mis ilmneb kõigis siinsetes ettekannetes
00:55
and in all of the people here;
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00:57
just the variety of it and the range of it.
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ja kõigis inimestes. Kui mitmekesine see on,
ja kui ulatuslik. Teiseks on asjaolu, et oleme
01:01
The second is that it's put us in a place
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01:03
where we have no idea what's going to happen
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seetõttu olukorras, kus me ei tea, mis edasi saab.
01:05
in terms of the future.
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Kui tulevikust rääkida. Meil pole aimugi,
01:07
No idea how this may play out.
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mis sellest kõigest välja tuleb.
01:10
I have an interest in education.
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Minu huvialaks on haridus -
01:11
Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.
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tegelikult olen ma aru saanud, et igaüht huvitab haridus.
01:16
Don't you?
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Kas pole nii? Minu meelest on see väga huvitav.
01:17
I find this very interesting.
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Kui sa oled pidulikul õhtusöögil ja ütled,
01:19
If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --
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et töötad hariduse alal -
01:23
actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
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tegelikult, kui aus olla, ei viibi sa kuigi tihti õhtusöökidel, kui töötad hariduse alal.
01:25
(Laughter)
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01:29
If you work in education, you're not asked.
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(Naer) Sind lihtsalt ei kutsuta.
01:32
(Laughter)
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Ja huvitaval kombel ei kutsuta sind ka kunagi tagasi. Mis on veider, mu meelest.
01:35
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
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01:39
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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Ent kui sa oled õhtusöögil ja ütled kellelegi...
01:41
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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kui küsitakse: "Millega sa tegeled?"
01:43
and you say you work in education,
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ja sa ütled, et töötad hariduse alal,
01:45
you can see the blood run from their face.
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siis näed, kuidas nad kahvatuvad ja silmist võib lugeda mõtet:
01:47
They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
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01:48
(Laughter)
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"Jumala pärast, miks mina? See on mu ainus vaba õhtu sel nädalal."
01:51
"My one night out all week."
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01:52
(Laughter)
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01:55
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,
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Kui aga küsid midagi nende hariduse kohta,
tabab sind hävitav pilk. Sest see on teema,
01:58
because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?
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mis inimesi sügavalt puudutab, kas pole tõsi?
02:02
Like religion and money and other things.
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Nagu religioon, raha ja teised asjad.
02:05
So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
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Mind huvitab haridus väga. Ja ma arvan, et meid kõiki.
Me investeerime sellesse palju,
02:10
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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02:11
partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future
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osaliselt seetõttu, et haridus peaks viima meid
sellesse tulevikku, mida meie mõistus haarata ei suuda.
02:15
that we can't grasp.
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02:16
If you think of it,
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Kui mõelda - lapsed, kes sel aastal kooli lähevad,
02:18
children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.
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jäävad pensionile aastal 2065. Kellelgi pole aimu -
02:25
Nobody has a clue,
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02:26
despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,
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vaatamata tarkusele, mida viimase 4 päeva jooksul siin demonstreeritud on -
milliseks kujuneb maailm
02:30
what the world will look like in five years' time.
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5 aasta pärast. Ja sellegipoolest peame meie
02:33
And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.
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neid selleks ette valmistama. Ettenägematuse määr on
02:35
So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
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minu meelest üüratu.
02:37
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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Ja kolmandaks on asjaolu, et
me kõik nõustume lõpuks sellega, kuivõrd
02:41
on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --
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erilised on laste võimed, nende innovatsioonivõime.
02:46
their capacities for innovation.
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Sirena eile õhtul oli tõeline pärl, kas pole?
02:49
I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?
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Vapustav oli näha, mida ta suutis.
02:51
Just seeing what she could do.
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02:53
And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
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Ta on haruldane. Kuid ma arvan, et tegelikult pole ta
haruldus kõikide laste hulgas.
02:59
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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Meil on tegu inimesega, kes on erakordselt pühendunud,
03:02
What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
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03:04
who found a talent.
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kes on leidnud oma ande. Aga ma väidan,
03:06
And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,
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et kõik lapsed on ääretult andekad.
03:08
and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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Meie aga laseme julmalt nende andel raisku minna.
Ma tahan rääkida haridusest ja
03:11
So I want to talk about education,
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03:13
and I want to talk about creativity.
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ma tahan rääkida loovusest. Minu väide on, et loovus
03:14
My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
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on tänapäeva hariduse puhul täpselt sama tähtis kui kirjaoskus,
ja me peaksime sellesse ka samamoodi suhtuma.
03:21
and we should treat it with the same status.
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03:23
(Applause)
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(Aplaus) Aitäh. See muide ongi kõik.
03:24
Thank you.
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03:26
(Applause)
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03:30
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
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Suur tänu. (Naer) Nii, 15 minutit veel.
03:32
(Laughter)
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03:34
So, 15 minutes left.
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Niisiis... ma olen sündinud... ei... (Naer)
03:36
(Laughter)
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03:39
"Well, I was born ... "
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03:41
(Laughter)
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Kuulsin hiljuti toredat lugu - mulle meeldib sellest rääkida -
03:45
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
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lugu ühest 6-aastasest tüdrukust joonistustunnis.
03:47
of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.
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03:50
She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,
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Ta istus klassis tagapingis ning joonistas.
03:52
and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,
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Tüdruk ei teinud tavaliselt tunnis kaasa,
kuid tolles joonistustunnis ta tegi.
03:55
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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03:56
The teacher was fascinated.
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03:58
She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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Õpetaja oli vaimustuses, läks tema juurde
ja küsis: "Mida sa joonistad?"
04:01
And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
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Tüdruk vastas: "Ma joonistan Jumalat."
04:04
And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
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Õpetaja ütles: "Aga keegi ju ei tea, milline Jumal on."
04:07
And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
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Ja tüdruk ütles: "Nad kohe saavad teada."
04:10
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Kui mu poeg oli 4-aastane, Inglismaal -
04:21
When my son was four in England --
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tegelikult oli ta neljane igal pool, kui aus olla. (Naer)
04:24
actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
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Kui peensustesse laskuda, siis oli ta neljane igal pool, kus ta tol aastal viibis.
04:26
(Laughter)
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04:28
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
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04:31
He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
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Ta mängis jõulunäidendis, Jeesuse sünniloos.
Kas mäletate seda lugu? See on kuulus.
04:34
(Laughter)
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04:35
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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See on kuulus lugu. Mel Gibson tegi sellele järje.
04:37
Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
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04:39
(Laughter)
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Võib-olla olete näinud: "Jeesuse sünd II".
04:41
"Nativity II."
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04:42
But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.
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James sai Joosepi osa ja me olime väga rõõmsad.
04:46
We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
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Meie meelest oli see üks peaosadest.
04:49
We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
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Meie tuba oli täis agente, seljas T-särgid:
"James Robinson ON Joosep!" (Naer)
04:52
"James Robinson IS Joseph!"
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04:53
(Laughter)
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04:54
He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?
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Temal ei olnud sõnalist osa, kuid te teate ju seda kohta,
kus kolm kuningat tulevad ning toovad kinke,
04:58
They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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kulda, viirukit ja mürri.
05:00
This really happened.
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See on tõsilugu. Me istusime saalis,
05:02
We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,
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ja ma arvan, et neil läks lihtsalt natuke sassi,
05:05
because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,
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sest kui hiljem rääkisime ühe poisiga ja küsisime:
05:07
"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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"Kas kõik on korras?", vastas ta: "Jah, miks? Kas midagi oli valesti?"
Ta lihtsalt vahetas paar sõna ära.
05:10
They just switched.
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05:11
The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.
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Igatahes, sisse astus kolm poissi,
4-aastased, rätikud turbaniks ümber pea,
ja panid oma karbid maha.
05:15
They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
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Esimene poiss ütles: "Tõin teile kulda."
05:18
And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."
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Teine poiss: "Tõin teile mürri."
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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05:22
(Laughter)
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Ja kolmas ütles: "Tõin teile siirupit." (Naer)
05:35
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
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Neid lugusid seob see, et lapsed on valmis riskima.
05:38
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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Kui nad ei tea, siis nad lihtsalt katsetavad.
Kas pole tõsi? Nad ei karda eksida.
05:42
Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
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Ei, ma ei taha öelda, et eksimine on sama mis loovus.
05:45
I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
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05:49
What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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Aga fakt on,
et kui sa pole valmis eksima,
05:53
you'll never come up with anything original --
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ei tule sa kunagi millegi originaalse peale.
05:55
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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Kui sa pole valmis eksima. Ning ajaks, kui lapsed täiskasvanuks saavad,
05:57
And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.
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on enamik neist selle võime kaotanud.
Nad on hakanud eksimise ees hirmu tundma.
06:02
They have become frightened of being wrong.
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06:04
And we run our companies like this.
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Muuseas, samamoodi juhime me ettevõtteid.
06:06
We stigmatize mistakes.
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Me häbimärgistame eksimusi. Meie praeguses
06:08
And we're now running national education systems
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haridussüsteemis on vead halvimad asjad,
06:10
where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
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mida keegi võib teha.
06:13
And the result is that we are educating people
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Tulemus on see, et me harime inimestest välja
06:16
out of their creative capacities.
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nende loomevõime. Picasso ütles kord,
06:19
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.
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et kõik lapsed on sünnilt kunstnikud.
06:23
The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.
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Raske on aga suureks saades kunstnikuks jääda. Olen veendunud,
06:26
I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,
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et me mitte ei kasva loovuse poole, vaid
06:30
we grow out of it.
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pigem kasvame sellest välja. Või pigem, see haritakse meist välja.
06:31
Or rather, we get educated out of it.
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Miks see nii on?
06:34
So why is this?
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Umbes 5 aastat tagasi elasin Stratford-on-Avonis.
06:37
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
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06:39
In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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Siis kolisime Stratfordist Los Angelesse.
Võite kujutleda, kui märkamatu üleminek see oli.
06:42
So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
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06:45
(Laughter)
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(Naer) Tegelikult me
06:47
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
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elasime paigas nimega Snitterfield,
06:49
just outside Stratford,
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Stratfordi külje all, samas paigas,
06:50
which is where Shakespeare's father was born.
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kus sündis Shakespeare'i isa. Kas see mõte hämmastab teid? Mind hämmastas.
06:53
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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06:55
You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
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Me pole harjunud mõtlema, et Shakespeare'il oli isa, kas pole?
06:58
Do you?
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Eks ole? Sest me ei mõtle tavaliselt
06:59
Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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Shakespeare'ist kui lapsest, ega ju?
07:02
Shakespeare being seven?
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Shakespeare, 7-aastane? Ma polnud kunagi sellele mõelnud.
07:03
I never thought of it.
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07:04
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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Kunagi oli ta seitsmene ja käis
07:06
He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
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mõne õpetaja juures inglise keele tunnis, eks ole? Kui tüütu see võis küll olla?
07:08
(Laughter)
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07:15
How annoying would that be?
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(Naer) "Pead rohkem pingutama." Isa saadab teda magama
07:17
(Laughter)
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07:24
"Must try harder."
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07:26
(Laughter)
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07:30
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"
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ja ütleb Shakespeare'ile: "Mine nüüd magama!" -
07:33
To William Shakespeare.
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William Shakespeare'ile - "Ja pane pliiats käest.
07:34
"And put the pencil down!"
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Ja ära räägi enam niimoodi, see ajab kõiki segadusse."
07:36
(Laughter)
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07:37
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:38
(Laughter)
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07:42
"It's confusing everybody."
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07:43
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
07:48
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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Igatahes, me kolisime Stratfordist Los Angelesse -
tahan lihtsalt paar sõna selle kohta öelda.
07:54
and I just want to say a word about the transition.
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Mu poeg ei tahtnud kaasa tulla.
07:56
Actually, my son didn't want to come.
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07:58
I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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Mul on 2 last. Poeg on praegu 21 ja tütar 16.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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Poeg ei tahtnud Los Angelesse tulla. Talle küll meeldis seal,
08:03
He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.
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kuid tal oli Inglismaal oma tüdruk. See oli tema elu armastus - Sarah.
08:06
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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Nad olid tundnud teineteist juba terve kuu.
08:09
He'd known her for a month.
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Nad olid oma kokkusaamist tähistanud juba 4 korda.
08:11
(Laughter)
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08:12
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
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Kuu on pikk aeg, kui oled 16.
08:15
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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08:17
He was really upset on the plane.
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Igatahes oli ta lennukis päris pahane
08:19
He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
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ja ütles: "Ma ei kohta enam kunagi sellist tüdrukut nagu Sarah."
08:21
And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
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Meil oli selle üle ausalt öeldes hea meel,
sest peamiselt selle tüdruku pärast me riigist ära kolisimegi.
08:24
(Laughter)
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08:32
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
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08:35
(Laughter)
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(Naer)
Üks asi hakkab silma, kui kolida Ameerikasse
08:41
But something strikes you when you move to America
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või reisida maailmas ringi:
08:43
and travel around the world:
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igas maailma haridussüsteemis on sama õppeainete hierarhia.
08:44
every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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Igaühes. Pole vahet, kuhu lähed.
08:48
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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Võiks eeldada, et on teisiti, aga pole.
08:50
You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
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Kõige tähtsamal kohal on matemaatika ja keeled,
08:52
At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.
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siis humanitaarained ja seejärel kunstid.
08:55
At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.
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Kõikjal kogu maailmas.
08:58
And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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Ja enam-vähem igas süsteemis on ka
kunstide puhul sama hierarhia.
09:02
Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
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Kujutavale kunstile ja muusikale on koolides tavaliselt antud kõrgem staatus
09:05
than drama and dance.
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kui näitekunstile ja tantsule. Tervel planeedil pole ühtki haridussüsteemi,
09:06
There isn't an education system on the planet
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09:08
that teaches dance every day to children
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kus lastele õpetataks koolis iga päev tantsimist,
09:10
the way we teach them mathematics.
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nii nagu õpetatakse matemaatikat. Miks?
09:12
Why?
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09:13
Why not?
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Miks mitte? Minu meelest on see päris tähtis.
09:14
I think this is rather important.
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Matemaatika on väga tähtis, kuid tantsimine samuti.
09:16
I think math is very important, but so is dance.
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09:18
Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
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Lapsed tantsiksid kogu aeg, kui neil lubataks. Me kõik teeksime seda.
09:21
We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
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Meil igaühel on keha, kas pole? Või kas mul jäi mingi koosolek vahele?
09:24
(Laughter)
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(Naer) Tegelikult, mis toimub on see -
09:27
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,
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sedamööda, kuidas lapsed kasvavad, hakkame me neid
09:29
we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.
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järjest harima, vöökohast ülespoole. Lõpuks keskendume ainult peale.
09:32
And then we focus on their heads.
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Ja sedagi veidi ühekülgselt.
09:34
And slightly to one side.
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Kui sa oleksid tulnukas ja püüaksid haridusest sotti saada
09:37
If you were to visit education as an alien
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09:39
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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ja küsiksid: "Milleks haridust on vaja?",
09:42
I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,
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siis ma arvan, et sa jõuaksid järeldusele - kui sa vaatad tulemusi,
09:44
who really succeeds by this,
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vaatad neid, kes on selle abil läbi löönud,
09:46
who does everything they should,
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kes teevad kõike nagu vaja,
09:48
who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
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kes saavutavad au ja kiituse, kes on tegijad -
09:50
I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
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jõuaksid ilmselt järeldusele, et kogu hariduse eesmärk
09:54
throughout the world
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terves maailmas
09:55
is to produce university professors.
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595239
1979
on toota ülikooli professoreid. Kas pole tõsi?
09:57
Isn't it?
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1168
09:58
They're the people who come out the top.
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1984
Need on inimesed, kes jõuavad tippu.
10:00
And I used to be one, so there.
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10:02
(Laughter)
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Ka mina olin üks neist, nii et tehke omad järeldused. (Naer)
Ei, mulle meeldivad ülikooli professorid. Kuid teate,
10:06
And I like university professors,
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1600
10:08
but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up
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1915
me ei peaks neid pjedestaalile tõstma nagu inimsaavutuste ülimat tippu.
10:10
as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
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10:13
They're just a form of life.
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Nad on lihtsalt teatud eluvorm,
10:15
Another form of life.
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üks eluvorme. Kuid nad on omamoodi kentsakad
10:16
But they're rather curious.
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ja ma ütlen seda suure kiindumusega nende vastu.
10:18
And I say this out of affection for them:
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1964
10:19
there's something curious about professors.
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Minu arust on professorite juures midagi kentsakat -
10:22
In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
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mitte kõik, aga enamik neist elab oma peas.
10:25
They live up there and slightly to one side.
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Nad elavad seal kõrgel ja veidi ühekülgset elu.
Nad on justkui kehatud. Üsnagi sõnasõnalises mõttes.
10:28
They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
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10:31
They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
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Nad suhtuvad oma kehasse kui
vahendisse, mis transpordib nende pead, kas pole?
10:35
(Laughter)
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6047
10:41
Don't they?
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10:42
It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
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(Naer) See on abivahend, et toimetada oma pea koosolekule.
10:44
(Laughter)
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Muide, kui sa tahad kehaväliste kogemuste
10:50
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,
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kohta tõendeid, siis mine
10:53
get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics
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akadeemikute konverentsile
10:57
and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
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2351
ja astu lõpuõhtul läbi diskoteegist.
10:59
(Laughter)
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2612
(Naer) Seal sa näed, kuidas täiskasvanud mehed ja naised
11:02
And there, you will see it.
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11:03
Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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väänlevad kontrollimatult, rütmist mööda,
11:08
(Laughter)
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oodates lõppu, et nad saaksid minna koju ja kirjutada selle kohta ettekande.
11:10
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
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Praegu baseerub meie haridussüsteem akadeemilise võimekuse ideel.
11:14
(Laughter)
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1981
11:16
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
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Ja selleks on ka põhjust.
11:20
And there's a reason.
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1171
11:21
Around the world, there were no public systems of education,
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3629
Kogu süsteem mõeldi välja, sest maailmas polnud
enne 19. sajandit üldharidussüsteemi.
11:24
really, before the 19th century.
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2107
Need kõik tekkisid selleks,
11:27
They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.
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et rahuldada industrialismi vajadusi.
Seega on hierarhia võrsunud kahest ideest.
11:30
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
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2052
11:32
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.
244
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Esiteks, et töötegemiseks kõige kasulikumad õppeained
asuvad tipus. Lapsena koolis sind tõenäoliselt
11:37
So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school
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tõrjuti leebelt eemale asjadest, mis sulle meeldisid,
11:40
when you were a kid,
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põhjusel, et sa ei leia kunagi
11:41
things you liked,
247
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1153
11:42
on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.
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tööd, mis on nendega seotud. Kas pole tõsi?
11:44
Is that right?
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Ära tee muusikat, sinust ei saa kunagi muusikut;
11:46
"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
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2412
ära tegele kunstiga, sinust ei saa kunstnikku.
11:48
don't do art, you won't be an artist."
251
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1851
11:50
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
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Leebe soovitus, mis on osutunud täiesti valeks.
11:53
The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
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Maailm on pöördeliselt muutunud.
11:55
And the second is academic ability,
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Teiseks on akadeemiline võimekus hakanud juhtima meie
11:57
which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,
255
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2819
arusaama intelligentsusest,
sest ülikoolid kujundasid süsteemi oma näo järgi.
12:00
because the universities design the system in their image.
256
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2739
Kui järele mõelda, siis kogu üldharidussüsteem
12:03
If you think of it,
257
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1151
12:04
the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process
258
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3664
terves maailmas on üks pikaleveninud protsess
ülikooli astumiseks.
12:07
of university entrance.
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1151
Ja tulemuseks on, et paljud ääretult andekad,
12:09
And the consequence is that many highly talented,
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12:11
brilliant, creative people think they're not,
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2518
geniaalsed, loovad inimesed arvavad, et nad pole seda.
12:13
because the thing they were good at at school
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2133
Sest asju, millega nad koolis hästi hakkama said,
lihtsalt ei hinnatud või koguni häbimärgistati.
12:16
wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
263
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2302
12:18
And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
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Ja mina arvan, et me ei saa enam lasta sellel jätkuda.
12:20
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
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2287
Vastavalt UNESCO andmetele lõpetab maailmas
12:23
more people worldwide will be graduating through education
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järgmise 30 aasta jooksul kooli rohkem inimesi
12:26
than since the beginning of history.
267
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kui ajaloo algusest tänaseni.
12:28
More people.
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1157
Rohkem inimesi, mis tuleneb
12:29
And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:
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kõigest sellest, millest me rääkinud oleme -
12:32
technology and its transformational effect on work,
270
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2393
tehnoloogia arengu mõju töötegemisele, demograafia
12:35
and demography and the huge explosion in population.
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ja suur rahvastiku kasv.
12:37
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
272
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2437
Ühtäkki pole kraadidel mingit tähtsust. Kas pole tõsi?
12:40
Isn't that true?
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Minu kooliajal, kui kellelgi oli teaduskraad, siis tal oli ka töökoht.
12:41
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
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12:44
If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.
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Kui tal töökohta polnud, siis sellepärast, et ta seda ei tahtnud.
12:47
And I didn't want one, frankly.
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2334
Ja mina ei tahtnud, kui aus olla. (Naer)
12:50
(Laughter)
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Kuid nüüd lähevad kraadiga noored koju
12:51
But now kids with degrees are often heading home
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12:55
to carry on playing video games,
279
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videomänge mängima, sest
töökoht, kus varem oli nõutav bakalaureus, eeldab nüüd magistrit,
12:57
because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
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3048
ja mõni teine hoopis doktorikraadi.
13:00
and now you need a PhD for the other.
281
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13:02
It's a process of academic inflation.
282
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1776
Toimub akadeemiline inflatsioon.
13:04
And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.
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Ja see näitab, et kogu haridusstruktuur on
jalge all kokku varisemas. Meil tuleb radikaalselt ümber mõelda
13:07
We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
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2542
oma arusaam intelligentsusest.
Teame intelligentsusest kolme asja.
13:10
We know three things about intelligence.
285
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1924
Esiteks, see on mitmekesine. Me mõtleme maailmast nii,
13:12
One, it's diverse.
286
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1151
13:13
We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.
287
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2981
nagu me seda ka kogeme. Me mõtleme visuaalselt,
13:16
We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
288
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2977
mõtleme auditiivselt, mõtleme kinesteetiliselt.
13:19
We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
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2321
Me mõtleme abstraktsetelt, mõtleme liikumise kaudu.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
290
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1996
Teiseks, intelligentsus on dünaamiline.
13:24
If you look at the interactions of a human brain,
291
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2303
Kui sa vaatad inimese ajutegevust, nagu me kuulsime
13:27
as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,
292
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3023
eile mitmes ettekandes,
13:30
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
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siis intelligents on imeliselt interaktiivne.
13:32
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
294
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2238
Aju pole sektoriteks jagatud.
13:34
In fact, creativity --
295
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1574
Tegelikult loovus - mida mina defineerin kui selliste originaalsete
13:36
which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --
296
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4020
ideede omamist, millel on mingi väärtus -
13:40
more often than not comes about
297
820514
1930
selline loovus tekib sageli koostööst
13:42
through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
298
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3557
eri distsipliinide vaatenurkade vahel.
Aju on sihilikult... Muide, on olemas
13:47
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,
299
827472
3631
kimp närve, mis ühendab üht ajupoolkera teisega,
13:51
called the corpus callosum.
300
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1298
ja mida nimetatakse mõhnkehaks. Naistel on see suurem.
13:52
It's thicker in women.
301
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1221
Eile Helenit vaadates järeldasin ma, et see ilmselt
13:54
Following off from Helen yesterday,
302
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1723
põhjendab, miks naised oskavad paremini teha mitut asja korraga.
13:56
this is probably why women are better at multitasking.
303
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3011
13:59
Because you are, aren't you?
304
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1825
Te ju oskate, eks ole?
14:01
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
305
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3334
Selle kohta on palju uurimistöid, kuid tean seda omast käest.
14:04
If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...
306
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2935
Kui mu naine teeb kodus süüa -
mida ei juhtu tihti... õnneks. (Naer)
14:09
thankfully.
307
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1166
14:10
(Laughter)
308
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2690
Kui ta süüa teeb - ei, üht-teist tal ikka õnnestub -
14:13
No, she's good at some things.
309
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1452
kui ta süüa teeb, siis võib ta
14:14
But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,
310
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2895
rääkida samal ajal telefoniga,
14:17
she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
311
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2647
rääkida lastega, värvida lage
14:20
(Laughter)
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1015
ja teha samas ka südameoperatsiooni.
14:21
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
313
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2025
14:23
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
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2998
Kui mina süüa teen, siis on uks kinni, lapsed toas,
14:26
the phone's on the hook,
315
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1239
telefon hargil ja kui naine sisse tuleb, lähen ma närvi
14:27
if she comes in, I get annoyed.
316
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1690
14:29
I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
317
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2790
ja ütlen: "Terry, palun, ma püüan siin muna praadida. Jäta mind rahule." (Naer)
14:32
(Laughter)
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6730
14:39
"Give me a break."
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1200
14:40
(Laughter)
320
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1720
14:42
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,
321
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2499
Te ju teate tuntud filosoofilist küsimust,
14:44
"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"
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3483
et kui puu metsas langeb ja keegi seda ei kuule,
siis kas seda üldse juhtus? Kes seda vana lugu mäletab?
14:48
Remember that old chestnut?
323
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1329
14:49
I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,
324
889605
2910
Nägin hiljuti toredat T-särki, millel oli kiri: "Kui mees räägib metsas,
14:52
"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,
325
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3437
millest ta mõtleb, ja ükski naine teda ei kuule,
14:56
is he still wrong?"
326
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1396
siis kas tal sellegipoolest pole õigus?" (Naer)
14:57
(Laughter)
327
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5606
15:05
And the third thing about intelligence is,
328
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2039
Ja kolmas asi intelligentsuse kohta on,
15:07
it's distinct.
329
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1369
et see on individuaalne. Kirjutan parasjagu uut raamatut
15:09
I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"
330
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2504
pealkirjaga "Ilmutus", mis põhineb mitmetel
15:11
which is based on a series of interviews with people
331
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2441
intervjuudel inimestega, kes räägivad, kuidas nad avastasid
15:14
about how they discovered their talent.
332
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1864
oma talendi. Mind paelub, kuidas inimesed on selleni jõudnud.
15:15
I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
333
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2121
Mind ajendas kirjutama vestlus
15:18
It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman
334
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3191
imelise naisterahvaga, kellest enamik pole
15:21
who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
335
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2677
ilmselt kunagi kuulnud. Ta nimi on Gillian Lynne.
Kas teate teda? Mõned teavad. Ta on koreograaf
15:24
Have you heard of her? Some have.
336
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1596
15:25
She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.
337
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2452
ja kõik on tuttavad ta tööga.
Selleks olid "Kassid" ja "Ooperifantoom".
15:28
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
338
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2016
Ta on vaimustav. Ma olin kunagi Inglise Kuningliku Balleti juhatuse liige,
15:30
She's wonderful.
339
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1151
15:31
I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
340
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2947
nagu võite näha.
15:34
(Laughter)
341
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1929
Läksime ühel päeval Gillianiga lõunale ja ma küsisin:
15:36
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"
342
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3525
"Gillian, kuidas sinust tantsija sai?" Ja tema vastas,
15:39
It was interesting.
343
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1151
et see on huvitav lugu, sest ta ei saanud
15:41
When she was at school, she was really hopeless.
344
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2247
koolis hästi hakkama. Ja koolist kirjutati 30ndatel aastatel
15:43
And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,
345
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2789
tema vanematele: "Me arvame, et Gillian
15:46
"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."
346
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2035
kannatab õpihäire all." Ta ei suutnud keskenduda,
15:48
She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.
347
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2098
ta ei püsinud paigal. Tänapäeval oleks öeldud,
15:50
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
348
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1877
et tal on hüperaktiivsuse sündroom. Eks? Kuid siis olid 1930ndad
15:52
Wouldn't you?
349
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1299
15:53
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
350
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4177
ja hüperaktiivsuse sündroomi polnud veel leiutatud.
15:57
It wasn't an available condition.
351
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2040
See diagnoos polnud veel kättesaadav. (Naer)
15:59
(Laughter)
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Inimesed ei teadnud, et neil võiks see olla.
16:03
People weren't aware they could have that.
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Igatahes läks ta arsti juurde. Ja seal puit-tahveldisega ruumis...
16:05
(Laughter)
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16:07
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
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ta oli seal koos oma emaga,
16:11
So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,
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ja ta juhatati ruumi tagaossa toolile istuma,
ja ta istus kannatlikult 20 minutit, kuni
16:15
and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
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mees rääkis emaga kõigist
16:17
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,
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977805
1945
probleemidest, mis Gillianil koolis olid.
16:19
while this man talked to her mother
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16:21
about all the problems Gillian was having at school,
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Ta oli problemaatiline laps,
16:23
because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.
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3549
tema kodutöö jäi alati hiljaks ja nii edasi -
ta oli alles 8-aastane -
16:27
Little kid of eight.
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1151
16:28
In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,
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lõpuks istus arst Gilliani kõrvale ja ütles:
16:31
"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.
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"Gillian, ma kuulasin kõike, mida su ema ütles,
ja me peame temaga omavahel rääkima."
16:34
I need to speak to her privately.
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Ta ütles: "Oota siin, tuleme varsti tagasi,"
16:36
Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"
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16:38
and they went and left her.
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ning nad läksid ära.
Ruumist lahkudes keeras arst mängima raadio,
16:41
But as they went out of the room,
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16:42
he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.
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2856
mis seisis laual. Ja kui nad olid
välja läinud, ütles ta emale:
16:45
And when they got out of the room,
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1638
"Seiske ja vaadake teda." Niipea, kui nad olid väljunud,
16:47
he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."
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2378
16:49
And the minute they left the room,
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2512
ütles Gillian, oli ta jalul ja liigutas end muusika taktis.
16:52
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
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Nad vaatasid teda mõne minuti
16:54
And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,
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ja arst pöördus ema poole ning ütles:
16:58
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.
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1979
"Missis Lynne, Gillian ei ole haige. Ta on tantsija.
17:00
She's a dancer.
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1664
Pange ta tantsukooli."
17:03
Take her to a dance school."
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1386
17:04
I said, "What happened?"
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1228
Küsisin: "Ja mis sai?"
17:06
She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
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2976
Ta ütles: "Ta panigi. Mul pole sõnu, kui võrratu see oli.
17:09
We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --
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2829
Astusime ruumi ja see oli täis samasuguseid inimesi
17:11
people who couldn't sit still,
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2222
nagu mina. Inimesi, kes ei suutnud paigal püsida.
17:14
people who had to move to think."
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2907
Inimesi, kes pidid mõtlemiseks liikuma." Pidid mõtlemiseks liikuma.
17:17
Who had to move to think.
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1832
Nad tantsisid balletti, steppi, džässtantsu,
17:18
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.
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3610
moderntantsu ja kaasaegset tantsu.
Lõpuks läks ta Kuningliku Balletikooli prooviesinemisele,
17:22
She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.
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2746
ta sai soolotantsijaks, tegi vaimustavat karjääri
17:25
She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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3253
Kuninglikus Balletis. Lõpetas
17:28
She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,
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2555
Kuningliku Balletikooli ja
rajas oma firma, Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
17:31
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
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1051146
1928
17:33
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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1237
kohtus Andrew Lloyd Webberiga. Ta on vastutav
17:34
She's been responsible for
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1054359
1296
17:35
some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,
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1055679
3148
paari edukaima muusikalise lavateose eest
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
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1596
ajaloos, ta on pakkunud meelelahutust miljonitele
17:40
and she's a multimillionaire.
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1407
17:41
Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
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3710
ja ta on multimiljonär. Mõni teine oleks aga
17:45
(Applause)
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6782
saatnud ta ravile ja käskinud tal
maha rahuneda.
Ma arvan... (Aplaus) Ma arvan niimoodi...
17:53
What I think it comes to is this:
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1573
17:55
Al Gore spoke the other night
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1776
Al Gore rääkis ühel õhtul
17:57
about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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4519
ökoloogiast ja revolutsioonist, mille algatajaks oli Rachel Carson.
Mina arvan, et meie ainus tulevikulootus
18:02
I believe our only hope for the future
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2112
18:04
is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
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3875
on võtta omaks uus inimökoloogia käsitus,
mille puhul me muudame oma arusaama
18:08
one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
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2527
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
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2261
inimvõimete rikkusest.
18:13
Our education system has mined our minds
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3371
Meie haridussüsteem on õõnestanud meie mõtlemist samamoodi,
18:16
in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.
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3441
nagu me kaevandame maa maavaradest tühjaks: tarbimise eesmärgil.
Kuid tulevikus pole sellest enam mingit kasu.
18:20
And for the future, it won't serve us.
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2422
18:22
We have to rethink the fundamental principles
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2153
Meil tuleb ümber mõelda põhiprintsiibid,
18:25
on which we're educating our children.
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2063
mille alusel me oma lapsi harime. On üks
18:27
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,
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2674
võrratu tsitaat Jonas Salkilt, kes ütles: "Kui kõik putukad
18:29
"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,
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5097
maa pealt kaoksid,
18:34
within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.
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2783
siis 50 aasta jooksul elu Maal lakkaks.
Kui kõik inimesed maa pealt kaoksid,
18:38
If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,
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3037
siis 50 aasta pärast kõik eluvormid lokkaksid."
18:41
within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."
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Ja tal oli õigus.
18:45
And he's right.
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1285
TED ülistab inimese kujutlusvõimet.
18:47
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
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3731
Peame olema ettevaatlikud, et kasutada
18:51
We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,
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4234
seda andi targalt, et vältida mõningaid stsenaariume,
18:55
and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.
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3229
millest me rääkinud oleme. Ja ainus viis
18:59
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
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3755
seda teha on pidada meie loomingulisi võimeid
19:02
for the richness they are
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1787
rikkuseks, mida nad on, ja suhtuda oma
19:04
and seeing our children for the hope that they are.
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3182
lastesse lootusega, et nemadki seda teevad. Meie ülesanne
19:07
And our task is to educate their whole being,
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on harida inimesi, et nad võiksid sellele tulevikule vastu astuda.
19:10
so they can face this future.
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1413
19:11
By the way -- we may not see this future,
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2505
Muide - meie ei pruugi seda tulevikku näha,
19:14
but they will.
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1563
kuid nemad näevad. Ja meie ülesandeks
19:15
And our job is to help them make something of it.
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on aidata neil sellega midagi kasulikku ette võtta. Suur tänu!
19:18
Thank you very much.
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19:19
(Applause)
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