Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

23,224,487 views ใƒป 2007-01-07

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Albert Song ๊ฒ€ํ† : Hyunwoo Park
์•ˆ๋…•ํ•˜์„ธ์š”. ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
00:27
Good morning. How are you?
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00:29
(Audience) Good.
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00:31
It's been great, hasn't it?
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๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋“ค์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ข‹์•„ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๋ชป ์ฐจ๋ฆฌ๊ฒ ๋„ค์š”.
00:33
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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00:35
In fact, I'm leaving.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ€์•ผ๊ฒ ์–ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
00:37
(Laughter)
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์ด ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
There have been three themes running through the conference,
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๊ทธ ์„ธ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ฃผ์ œ ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜ค๋Š˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐํ•  ๋‚ด์šฉ๊ณผ
00:46
which are relevant to what I want to talk about.
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00:48
One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
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๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ฒซ์งธ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณธ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ๋“ค์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ 
00:53
in all of the presentations that we've had
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๋˜ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:55
and in all of the people here;
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00:57
just the variety of it and the range of it.
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๊ทธ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ์ง€์š”.
๋‘˜์งธ๋Š”
01:01
The second is that it's put us in a place
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01:03
where we have no idea what's going to happen
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์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ๊ด€์ ์—์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด
01:05
in terms of the future.
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๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ ์ง€, ์–ด๋–ค ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „๊ฐœ๋ ์ง€
01:07
No idea how this may play out.
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์•„๋ฌด๋„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:10
I have an interest in education.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
Don't you?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”? ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ด์ฃ .
01:17
I find this very interesting.
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์ €๋… ๋ชจ์ž„์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๊ต์œก ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ
01:19
If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --
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์ผ์„ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:23
actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
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์•„๋‹ˆ์ฃ , ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๊ต์œก์ž๋ผ๋ฉด, ์Œ, ์ €๋… ๋ชจ์ž„ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์•ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
01:25
(Laughter)
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01:29
If you work in education, you're not asked.
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์ดˆ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ชป ๋ฐ›์„ ํ…Œ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
01:32
(Laughter)
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์ดˆ๋Œ€ ๋ฐ›๋”๋ผ๋„, ๋‹ค์‹œ๋Š” ์•ˆ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž–์•„์š”? ์ฐธ ์ด์ƒํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ตฐ์š”.
01:35
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
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01:39
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“ , ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋ชจ์ž„์—์„œ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ž‘ ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ณด๋ฉด
01:41
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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"์ง์—…์ด ๋ญก๋‹ˆ๊นŒ"๋ผ๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฐ›๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:43
and you say you work in education,
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๊ต์œก์ž๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
01:45
you can see the blood run from their face.
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์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ์–ผ๊ตด์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์ฐฝ๋ฐฑํ•ด์ง€๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์—ฌ์š”.
01:47
They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
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01:48
(Laughter)
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์†์œผ๋กœ "์  ์žฅ, ์™œ ํ•˜ํ•„ ๋‚˜์•ผ? ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์— ๊ฒจ์šฐ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ๋†€๋Ÿฌ์˜จ ๊ฑด๋ฐ..." (์›ƒ์Œ)
01:51
"My one night out all week."
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01:52
(Laughter)
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01:55
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,
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๋ฐ˜๋Œ€๋กœ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์ƒ๋Œ€๋ฐฉ์˜ ๊ต์œก์— ๊ด€ํ•ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‹น์‹ ์„ ๋†”์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€
01:58
because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋งˆ์Œ ์† ๊นŠ์ด ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์š”?
02:02
Like religion and money and other things.
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์ข…๊ต๋‚˜, ๋ˆ, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ฃ .
02:05
So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๋“ฏ์ด ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์•„์š”.
๊ต์œก์—๋Š” ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์ดํ•ด๊ด€๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:10
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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02:11
partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future
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์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์—ฟ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹จ์„œ๊ฐ€
๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ต์œก์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ทธ ์ด์œ  ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
02:15
that we can't grasp.
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02:16
If you think of it,
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋ณด์ฃ . ์ด๋ฒˆ ํ•ด์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€
02:18
children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.
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2065๋…„์— ์€ํ‡ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
Nobody has a clue,
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02:26
despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,
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์ง€๋‚œ 4์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ณด์•˜๋˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
5๋…„ ๋’ค์— ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชจ์Šต์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ• ์ง€ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
what the world will look like in five years' time.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฏธ์ง€์˜ ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€๋น„ํ•˜๋„๋ก
02:33
And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์•ผ ํ•˜์ฃ . ์ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด
02:35
So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
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์ฐธ ๋†€๋ž๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด์š”.
02:37
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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์…‹์งธ ์ฃผ์ œ๋Š” ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
๋ฌดํ•œํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
02:41
on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --
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๋ชจ๋‘๋“ค ๋™์˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ . ํ˜์‹ ์„ ์ฐฝ์กฐํ•˜๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
their capacities for innovation.
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์–ด์ œ ์„ธ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜, ์ •๋ง ๊ธฐํŠนํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”?
02:49
I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?
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์—ฐ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š”๊ฑธ ๋ณด๋ฉด์„œ ๊ฐ๋™ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Just seeing what she could do.
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02:53
And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
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๋น„๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ด์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด ์•„์ด์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ ์‹œ์ ˆ ์ „์ฒด๊ฐ€
ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜์ง„ ์•Š์•„์š”.
02:59
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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๊ทธ๋ณด๋‹ค, ์ž๊ธฐ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฐพ์•„๋‚ด ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚จ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์„ ๋”ํ•œ
03:02
What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
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03:04
who found a talent.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์ง€์š”. ์ €๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด
03:06
And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,
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๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:08
and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ฐจ์—†์ด ์–ต๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ๊ต์œก๊ณผ ์ฐฝ์˜์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
03:11
So I want to talk about education,
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03:13
and I want to talk about creativity.
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์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €์˜ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€
03:14
My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
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์ด์ œ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ์ฝ๊ธฐ,์“ฐ๊ธฐ์™€
๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ์–ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
and we should treat it with the same status.
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03:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜) ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜๋ ค๋˜ ์ „๋ถ€์˜ˆ์š”.
03:24
Thank you.
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03:26
(Applause)
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03:30
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ) ์Œ, 15๋ถ„์ด๋‚˜ ๋‚จ์•˜๊ตฌ๋‚˜...
03:32
(Laughter)
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03:34
So, 15 minutes left.
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์Œ, ์˜›๋‚  ์˜›์ ์—... ์•„๋…œ์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
03:36
(Laughter)
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03:39
"Well, I was born ... "
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03:41
(Laughter)
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ •๋ง ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š” โ€“ ์ฐธ ์ฆ๊ฒจ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
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๊ทธ๋ฆผ ์ˆ˜์—…์— ์–ด๋Š ํ•œ ์—ฌ์ž์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”. ์—ฌ์„ฏ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
03:47
of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.
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03:50
She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,
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๊ต์‹ค ๋’ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
03:52
and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ๋ง๋กœ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์ง‘์ค‘์„ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋Š” ์• ์ธ๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ ์ˆ˜์—…์—์„œ๋Š” ์œ ๋… ์ง‘์ค‘ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”.
03:55
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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03:56
The teacher was fascinated.
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03:58
She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์€ ์‹ ๊ธฐํ•ด์„œ ์•„์ดํ•œํ…Œ
"๋„ˆ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ˆ?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ
04:01
And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
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"์‹ ์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์š”"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ž˜์š”.
04:04
And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜์ด "์‹ ์ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ๋Š”์ง€ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ž–์•„?"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
04:07
And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์–ด์š”, "๊ณง ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”!"
04:10
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๋„ค ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
04:21
When my son was four in England --
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ํ•˜๊ธด ๋ญ, ์˜๊ตญ ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ, ์–ด๋””๊ฐ€๋‚˜ ๋„ค์‚ด ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:24
actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
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์—„๋ฐ€ํžˆ ๋งํ•˜์ž๋ฉด, ๊ทธ ์•„์ธ ์–ด๋””๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋„ค ์‚ด์ด์—์š”.
04:26
(Laughter)
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04:28
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
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04:31
He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
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๊ทธ ์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ํƒ„์ƒ ์—ฐ๊ทน์—์„œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ๋งก์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
๊ทธ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต ํ•˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”? ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์ธ๋ฐ..
04:34
(Laughter)
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04:35
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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์•„์ฃผ ๋Œ€๋‹จํ•œ ์Šคํ† ๋ฆฌ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐโ€ฆ ๋ฉœ ๊น์Šจ์ด ํ›„์† ํŽธ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ •๋„ ์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ.
04:37
Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
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04:39
(Laughter)
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๋ณด์…จ์„์ง€๋„ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์š”, "์˜ˆ์ˆ˜ ํƒ„์ƒ 2". ์–ด์จŒ๋˜, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์•„๋“ค ์ œ์ž„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์š”์…‰์˜ ์—ญ์„ ๋งก๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”.
04:41
"Nativity II."
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04:42
But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.
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์•„์ด๊ฐ€ ์•„์ฃผ ์‹ ๋‚˜์„œ ์žˆ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
04:46
We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“ค๋„ ์ฃผ์—ฐ ๋ฐฐ์—ญ์ธ์ค„ ์•Œ์•˜์ฃ .
04:49
We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
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โ€œ์ฃผ์—ฐ: ์ œ์ž„์Šค ๋กœ๋นˆ์Šจ์ด ์š”์…‰!โ€ ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์จ์žˆ๋Š” ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ์ž…์€
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ๊ณ ์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๊ณต์—ฐ์žฅ์„ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฑ„์›Œ๋†จ์–ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
04:52
"James Robinson IS Joseph!"
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04:53
(Laughter)
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04:54
He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋Š” ์—†๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
์•„๋ฌดํŠผ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์— 3๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ฐฉ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด ์•„์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:58
They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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3๊ฐ€์ง€ ์˜ˆ๋ฌผ๋กœ ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ, ์œ ํ–ฅ๊ณผ ๋ชฐ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์˜ค๋Š” ์žฅ๋ฉด์ด์ฃ .
05:00
This really happened.
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์‹ค์ œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ๊ด€๋žŒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
05:02
We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,
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๋Œ€์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํ‹€๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์–ด์š”.
05:05
because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,
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๊ณต์—ฐ์ด ๋๋‚˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ ์•„์ด์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ดค์ฃ .
05:07
"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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"๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ˆ?" ์ด๋žฌ๋”๋‹ˆ "๋„ค. ์™œ์š”? ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋ฌธ์ œ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‚˜์š”?" ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
์ž ๊น ์ฆ‰ํฅ๋Œ€์‚ฌ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ ๋ฟ์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
05:10
They just switched.
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05:11
The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.
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์•„๋ฌดํŠผ, ๊ณต์—ฐ ์ค‘์— ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ํ–‰์ฃผ๋ฅผ ๋‘๋ฅธ ๋„ค ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ
๋‚จ์ž์• ๋“ค 3๋ช…์ด ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋”๋‹ˆ
์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋‚ด๋ ค๋†“์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
05:15
They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์•„์ด๋Š” "ํ™ฉ๊ธˆ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
05:18
And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."
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๋‘˜์งธ ์•„์ด๋Š” "๋ชฐ์•ฝ์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค",
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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05:22
(Laughter)
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์…‹์งธ ์•„์ด๋Š” "ํ”„๋žญํฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์–ด์š”" ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ) [์—ญ์ฃผ: "์œ ํ–ฅ"์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ๊ณผ ๋ฌธ์žฅ์˜ ๋ฐœ์Œ์ด ์œ ์‚ฌํ•จ.]
05:35
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋“ค์€ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ณตํ†ต์ ์œผ๋กœ
05:38
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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๋ชจ๋ฅด๋”๋ผ๋„ ์‹œ๋„๋ฅผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ œ ๋ง์ด ๋งž์ฃ ? ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์ž–์•„์š”.
05:42
Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋ฐœํœ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™๋‹ค๋Š” ๋ง์€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
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05:49
What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€
์ž˜๋ชปํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋งˆ์Œ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:53
you'll never come up with anything original --
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์‹ ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‘๋ ค์›Œํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ฑ์ธ์ด ๋  ๋•Œ์ฏค์ด๋ฉด ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜
05:57
And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„ ์žƒ์–ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ญ”๊ฐ€ ์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ํ• ๊นŒ๋ด, ํ‹€๋ฆด๊นŒ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์‚ด๊ฒŒ๋˜์ฃ .
06:02
They have become frightened of being wrong.
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06:04
And we run our companies like this.
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ํ•œํŽธ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๋“ค๋„ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:06
We stigmatize mistakes.
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์‹ค์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋น„๋‚œ ์ผ์ƒ‰์ด์ฃ . ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„๋Š”
06:08
And we're now running national education systems
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์‹ค์ˆ˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ด๋ฉด์„œ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
06:10
where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ตœ์•…์˜ ์ผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:13
And the result is that we are educating people
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ์—ญ๋Ÿ‰์„
06:16
out of their creative capacities.
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๋ง์‚ด์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ”ผ์นด์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ง์„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ 
06:19
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.
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"๋ชจ๋“  ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค.
06:23
The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์„ฑ์„ ์œ ์ง€ ์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‹ค."
06:26
I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ž๋ผ๋ฉด์„œ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์ด ๊ณ„๋ฐœ๋˜๊ธฐ๋Š”์ปค๋…•
06:30
we grow out of it.
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์žˆ๋˜ ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ๋„ ์—†์–ด์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ต์œก์ด ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๋นผ์•—์•„๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
06:31
Or rather, we get educated out of it.
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
06:34
So why is this?
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์ €๋Š” ์•ฝ ์˜ค ๋…„ ์ „ ๊นŒ์ง€๋งŒ ํ•ด๋„ ์ŠคํŠธ๋žซํฌ๋“œ ์˜จ ์—๋ณธ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•˜์–ด์š”.
06:37
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
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06:39
In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋žซํฌ๋“œ์—์„œ LA๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งค๋„๋Ÿฌ์šด ๊ณผ์ •์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
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06:45
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์‚ฌ์‹ค
06:47
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
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์ €ํฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋žซํฌ๋“œ ๋ฐ”๋กœ ์™ธ๊ณฝ์— ์œ„์น˜ํ•œ
06:49
just outside Stratford,
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์Šค๋‹ˆํ„ฐํ•„๋“œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์— ์‚ด์•˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์˜ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€
06:50
which is where Shakespeare's father was born.
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ํƒœ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ ๋– ์˜ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์„ธ์š”?
06:53
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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06:55
You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
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์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ํ•˜์ž–์•„์š”?
06:58
Do you?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ ? ์™œ๋ƒ๋ฉด ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜€์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š”
06:59
Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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์ƒ๊ฐ์€ ์ž˜ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”.
07:02
Shakespeare being seven?
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์ผ๊ณฑ ์‚ด์˜ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด? ์ž˜ ์ƒ์ƒ์ด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:03
I never thought of it.
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07:04
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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์•„๋‹ˆ ๋ญ ์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ผ๊ณฑ ์‚ด์ด์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:06
He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
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๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€์˜ ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…๋„ ๋“ค์—ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ . ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์งœ์ฆ๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
07:08
(Laughter)
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07:15
How annoying would that be?
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(์›ƒ์Œ) "๊ณต๋ถ€ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผํ•œ๋‹ค."๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š”
07:17
(Laughter)
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07:24
"Must try harder."
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07:26
(Laughter)
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07:30
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"
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์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ "๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ž๋ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
07:33
To William Shakespeare.
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๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ทธ ๋Œ€๋ฌธํ˜ธ ์…ฐ์ต์Šคํ”ผ์–ด์—๊ฒŒ "์—ฐํ•„ ์ข€ ๋‚ด๋ ค ๋†“๊ณ .
07:34
"And put the pencil down!"
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์ข€ ๋งˆ๋ผ. ์•Œ์•„๋“ค์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์ž–๋‹ˆ."๋ผ๊ณ ๋„ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ 
07:36
(Laughter)
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07:37
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:38
(Laughter)
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07:42
"It's confusing everybody."
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07:43
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
07:48
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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์–ด์จŒ๋“  ์šฐ๋ฆฐ ์ŠคํŠธ๋žซํฌ๋“œ์—์„œ LA๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
์ด์‚ฌ ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ๋„ค์š”.
07:54
and I just want to say a word about the transition.
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์ œ ์•„๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๊ธฐ ์‹ซ์–ดํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
07:56
Actually, my son didn't want to come.
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07:58
I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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์• ๋“ค์ด ๋‘ ๋ช… ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„๋“ค์€ 21์‚ด์ด๊ณ , ๋”ธ์€ 16์‚ด์ด์—์š”.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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LA๋ฅผ ์ •๋ง ์ข‹์•„ ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ๋„, ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด ํ•˜์งˆ ์•Š๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:03
He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.
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์˜๊ตญ์— ์‚ฌ๋ผ๋ผ๊ณ  ์‚ฌ๋ž‘์— ๋น ์ง„ ์—ฌ์ž์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:06
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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ํ•œ๋‹ฌ ๋™์•ˆ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚ธ ์•„์ด์ธ๋ฐ
08:09
He'd known her for a month.
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๋ฒŒ์จ ๊ธฐ๋…์ผ์„ 4๋ฒˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฑ™๊ฒผ๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
08:11
(Laughter)
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08:12
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
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16์‚ด์ผ ๋•Œ๋Š” ํ•œ ๋‹ฌ๋„ ์˜ค๋žœ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„์ด์ฃ .
08:15
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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08:17
He was really upset on the plane.
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๋น„ํ–‰๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ •๋ง ๋งˆ์Œ ์•„ํŒŒํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
08:19
He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
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"์‚ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋ฒˆ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋ชป ๋งŒ๋‚  ๊ฑฐ์•ผ."๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋”๊ตฐ์š”.
08:21
And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
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์†”์งํžˆ ๋งํ•ด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
์ฒ˜์Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ทธ ์—ฌ์ž ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— ์˜๊ตญ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ฑฐ๋“ ์š”.
08:24
(Laughter)
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08:32
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
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08:35
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์œผ๋กœ ์ด์‚ฌ ๊ฐˆ ๋•Œ๋‚˜, ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋…€๋ณด๋ฉด
08:41
But something strikes you when you move to America
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๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
08:43
and travel around the world:
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„๋“ค์€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์ฒด๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–์ถ”๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:44
every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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๋‹จ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋„, ์–ด๋”œ ๊ฐ€๋“ ์ง€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:48
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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์„ค๋งˆ ์•ˆ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๋„ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:50
You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
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๋งจ ์œ„์—๋Š” ์ˆ˜ํ•™๊ณผ ๊ตญ์–ด, ์–ธ์–ดํ•™์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
08:52
At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.
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๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜๋Š” ์ธ๋ฌธํ•™์ด๊ณ , ๊ทธ ์•„๋ž˜ ๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์ฃ .
08:55
At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋‚˜ ๋งˆ์ฐฌ๊ฐ€์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:58
And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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์ด์— ๋”๋ถˆ์–ด, ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ต์œก ์ฒด์ œ ๋‚ด์—์„œ
์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋„ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:02
Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
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ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ณผ ์Œ์•…์„ ๋“œ๋ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ถค๋ณด๋‹ค
09:05
than drama and dance.
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๋น„์ค‘์„ ๋” ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ . ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ์ˆ˜ํ•™์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋“ฏ์ด
09:06
There isn't an education system on the planet
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09:08
that teaches dance every day to children
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๋งค์ผ ์ถค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์–ด๋””์—์„œ๋„
09:10
the way we teach them mathematics.
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์ฐพ์•„๋ณผ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”. ์™œ ๊ทธ๋Ÿด๊นŒ์š”?
09:12
Why?
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09:13
Why not?
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์™œ ์•ˆ๋˜๋Š”๊ฑฐ์ฃ ? ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ์—” ๋‚˜๋ฆ„ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ถ„์•ผ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
09:14
I think this is rather important.
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์ˆ˜ํ•™์ด ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ถค๋„ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์ค‘์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:16
I think math is very important, but so is dance.
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09:18
Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
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ํ—ˆ๋ฝ๋งŒ ํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ ์ถค์„ ์ถฅ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
09:21
We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
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๋‹ค ๋ชธ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”? ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ”๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๋ฐฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ๊ณ ...
09:24
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ƒ๋ฉด
09:27
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ํฌ๋ฉด์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋“ค์€ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ์œ„์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
09:29
we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.
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๊ต์œก์„ ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ๋จธ๋ฆฌ์— ์ดˆ์ ์— ๋‘ก๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:32
And then we focus on their heads.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ๋„ ๋‡Œ์˜ ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ด์ง ์น˜์šฐ์น˜๊ฒŒ ์ดˆ์ ์„ ๋‘์ฃ .
09:34
And slightly to one side.
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๋‹น์‹ ์ด ์™ธ๊ณ„์ธ์ด๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ
09:37
If you were to visit education as an alien
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09:39
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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"๊ณต๊ต์œก์€ ์™œ ์žˆ๋Š”๊ฑธ๊นŒ?" ์˜ ๋‹ต์„ ์ฐพ๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์€ ์ด๋Ÿด ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„์š”.
09:42
I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,
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-- ๊ต์œก๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค์ด ๋‚ด๋†“์€ ์„ฑ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ฉด
09:44
who really succeeds by this,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์„ฑ๊ณต์„ ํ•˜๋Š”๊ฐ€,
09:46
who does everything they should,
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๊ผฌ๋ฐ•๊ผฌ๋ฐ• ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•  ์ผ๋“ค์„ ๋‹ค ํ•˜๊ณ ,
09:48
who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
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๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ๋ณ„์ ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ›๊ณ , ๋ˆ„๊ฐ€ ์Šน์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ --
09:50
I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
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๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ณต๊ต์œก์˜ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๋Š”
09:54
throughout the world
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๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์„
09:55
is to produce university professors.
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์œก์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
09:57
Isn't it?
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09:58
They're the people who come out the top.
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์ƒ์œ„๊ถŒ ์„ฑ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์กธ์—…ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด์ž–์•„์š”.
10:00
And I used to be one, so there.
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10:02
(Laughter)
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์ €๋„ ํ•œ๋•Œ ๊ต์ˆ˜์˜€์œผ๋‹ˆ ์ž˜ ์•Œ์•„์š”. (์›ƒ์Œ)
์‚ฌ์‹ค, ๋Œ€ํ•™ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
And I like university professors,
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10:08
but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์„ฑ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์˜ ์ตœ๊ณ ์ ์— ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณด๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
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10:13
They're just a form of life.
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์ธ์ƒ์˜ ํ•œ ํ˜•ํƒœ์ผ ๋ฟ์ด์ฃ .
10:15
Another form of life.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€๋งŒ ์œ ๋ณ„๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ์‹ฌ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด์ฃ .
10:16
But they're rather curious.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋น„๋‚œํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:18
And I say this out of affection for them:
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10:19
there's something curious about professors.
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๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋Š” ํŠน์ง•์ด ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
10:22
In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
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๋ชจ๋‘๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:25
They live up there and slightly to one side.
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์‚ด์ง ํ•œ์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์น˜์šฐ์นœ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ ์‚ด์ฃ .
์œก์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
10:28
They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
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10:31
They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชธ์ด๋ž€ ๊ทธ์ € ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š”
์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
10:35
(Laughter)
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10:41
Don't they?
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10:42
It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๋จธ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํšŒ์˜ ์žฅ์†Œ๋กœ ์ด๋™์‹œํ‚ค๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋‹จ์ด์ฃ .
10:44
(Laughter)
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๋งŒ์•ฝ ์œ ์ฒด์ดํƒˆํ˜„์ƒ์„
10:50
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,
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์ง์ ‘ ๊ด€์ฐฐ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ์‹œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
10:53
get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics
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๊ต์ˆ˜ํ•™ํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ฐธ์„ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ณ 
10:57
and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ๋‚ ์— ๋””์Šค์ฝ”ํ…์— ๊ผญ ๋“ค๋ฅด์„ธ์š”.
10:59
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ) ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋˜์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
And there, you will see it.
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11:03
Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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์•„์ €์”จ, ์•„์คŒ๋งˆ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ๋ฐ•์น˜๋“ค์ด ๋ชธ์„ ๋น„๋น„๊ผฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ์Šต๋“ค์„โ€ฆ
11:08
(Laughter)
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๋ˆˆ๋น›์—๋Š” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ง‘์—๋‚˜ ๊ฐ€์„œ ์ด ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด์ฃ .
11:10
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„๋Š” ํ•™์Šต ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์—
11:14
(Laughter)
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11:16
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
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์ค‘์ ์„ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋ญ˜๊นŒ์š”?
11:20
And there's a reason.
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11:21
Around the world, there were no public systems of education,
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19์„ธ๊ธฐ ์ด์ „์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์—๋„
๊ณต๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
11:24
really, before the 19th century.
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์‚ฐ์—…์‚ฌํšŒ์˜ ์ˆ˜์š”์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ
11:27
They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.
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์ƒ๊ธด ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ฐœ๋…์— ๋ฟŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ฃ .
11:30
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
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11:32
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋Š”, ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค์ด ์šฐ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋ ธ์„ ๋•Œ ์ฆ๊ฒผ๋˜ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ๋“ค
11:37
So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๋‘ฌ์„œ๋Š”
11:40
when you were a kid,
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์ปค์„œ ์ง์žฅ์„ ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ๋ชป ๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ
11:41
things you liked,
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11:42
on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง๋ผ๋Š” ์กฐ์–ธ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค์œผ์…จ์ฃ . ์ œ ๋ง์ด ๋งž์ฃ ?
11:44
Is that right?
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์Œ์•…? ์Œ์•…๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์‰ฌ์šด ์ค„ ์•„๋‹ˆ?
11:46
"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
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๋ฏธ์ˆ ? ๋ฏธ์ˆ ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋จน๊ณ  ์‚ด๋ ค๊ณ ?
11:48
don't do art, you won't be an artist."
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11:50
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
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์ž˜ ๋˜๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ง์ด์ง€๋งŒ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด๋‚˜ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐฉ์˜ค์ฃ .
11:53
The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ํ˜๋ช…์— ํœฉ์‹ธ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:55
And the second is academic ability,
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๋‘˜์งธ๋Š”, ๋Œ€ํ•™๋“ค์ด ์ž๊ธฐ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๋ณธ๋– ์„œ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
11:57
which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,
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์ง€์„ฑ์€ โ€˜ํ•™์Šต๋Šฅ๋ ฅโ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์ƒ๊ฐ์ด
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ง€๋ฐฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:00
because the universities design the system in their image.
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์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“ 
12:03
If you think of it,
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12:04
the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process
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๊ต์œก ์ œ๋„๋“ค์€ ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ž…์‹œ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
์ ˆ์ฐจ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
12:07
of university entrance.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŽ์€ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ๊ณผ
12:09
And the consequence is that many highly talented,
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12:11
brilliant, creative people think they're not,
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์ž๋“ค์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ฐฉ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
because the thing they were good at at school
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋ฉด์„œ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์žˆ์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€
๋ณ„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์–ด์ง€์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋˜๊ฐ€ ๋น„๋‚œ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ›์•˜์œผ๋‹ˆ ๋”์šฑ์ด ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ฃ .
12:16
wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
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12:18
And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
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๋” ์ด์ƒ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ธธ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
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์œ ๋„ค์Šค์ฝ”์— ์˜ํ•˜๋ฉด, ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์กธ์—…์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š”
12:23
more people worldwide will be graduating through education
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ 30๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ์˜
12:26
than since the beginning of history.
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์กธ์—…์ƒ ์ˆซ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋งŽ์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:28
More people.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ €ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜
12:29
And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์— ์˜ํ•ด ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:32
technology and its transformational effect on work,
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๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ , ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ง์—…๊ณผ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ตฌ์กฐ์— ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š” ์˜ํ–ฅ
12:35
and demography and the huge explosion in population.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํญ๋ฐœ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚œ ์ธ๊ตฌ.
12:37
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ํ•™์œ„๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์กŒ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋Š๋‚Œ์ด ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์œผ์„ธ์š”?
12:40
Isn't that true?
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์ œ ํ•™์ฐฝ์‹œ์ ˆ์—๋Š” ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ฉด ์ง์žฅ์„ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
12:41
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
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12:44
If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.
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์ง์—…์ด ์—†์—ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด, ์›์น˜ ์•Š์•„์„œ ๊ทธ๋žฌ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
12:47
And I didn't want one, frankly.
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์†”์งํžˆ ์ €๋„ ๊ทธ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ๋ช… ์ด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. (์›ƒ์Œ)
12:50
(Laughter)
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์š”์ƒˆ๋Š” ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด
12:51
But now kids with degrees are often heading home
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12:55
to carry on playing video games,
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์ง‘์— ์•‰์•„์„œ ์˜ค๋ฝ์ด๋‚˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š๋‚˜์š”?
์ „์—๋Š” ํ•™์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•œ ์ง์—…์ด ์ด์ œ๋Š” ์„์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
12:57
because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
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์„์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ง์—…๋“ค์€ ์ด์ œ ๋ฐ•์‚ฌ ํ•™์œ„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:00
and now you need a PhD for the other.
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13:02
It's a process of academic inflation.
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ํ•™์œ„ ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:04
And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.
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๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„์˜ ์ „์ฒด์ ์ธ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€
๋ณ€ํ™”๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
13:07
We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์ง€์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๊ด€์ ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด์•ผ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ฃ ,
13:10
We know three things about intelligence.
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์ฒซ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ, ์ง€์„ฑ์€ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ž์˜ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์„ ๋ฐ”ํƒ•์œผ๋กœ
13:12
One, it's diverse.
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13:13
We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:16
We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
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์‹œ๊ฐ, ์ฒญ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
13:19
We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
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์ถ”์ƒ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๋™์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
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๋‘˜์งธ, ์ง€์„ฑ์€ ์—ญ๋™์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:24
If you look at the interactions of a human brain,
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์–ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฐœํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋“ค์œผ์…จ๋“ฏ์ด
13:27
as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ ์ž‘์šฉ์„ ์‚ดํŽด ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด ์ง€์„ฑ์€
13:30
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
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๋›ฐ์–ด๋‚œ ์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์ž‘์€ ๊ตฌ์—ญ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ตฌํš๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:34
In fact, creativity --
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์ €๋Š” ์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
13:36
which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --
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๋…์ฐฝ์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ด๋‚ด๋Š” ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ณด๋Š”๋ฐ์š”,
13:40
more often than not comes about
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์ฐฝ์˜๋ ฅ์€ ์„œ๋กœ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋œ ๊ด€์ ๋“ค์˜
13:42
through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
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์ƒํ˜ธ์ž‘์šฉ์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Š” ์˜๋„์ ์œผ๋กœโ€ฆ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ณ ,
13:47
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,
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์–‘์ชฝ ๋‡Œ๋ฅผ ์ด์–ด์ฃผ๋Š” โ€˜๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰โ€™์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋ญ‰์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:51
called the corpus callosum.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์˜ ๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ๋‘๊ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:52
It's thicker in women.
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์–ด์ œ ํ—ฌ๋ Œ ์”จ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ์—์„œ ์ด์–ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ํ•˜์ž๋ฉด
13:54
Following off from Helen yesterday,
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๋‡Œ๋Ÿ‰ ๋•์— ์—ฌ์ž๋“ค์ด ๋‚จ์ž๋ณด๋‹ค ๋™์‹œ์— ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ผ์„ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
this is probably why women are better at multitasking.
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13:59
Because you are, aren't you?
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋” ์ž˜ ์•„์‹ค ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€๋ฐ์š”?
14:01
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋„ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ „ ์ผ์ƒ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ๋„ ๋ช…ํ™•ํžˆ ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:04
If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...
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์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์—์„œ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด --
๋‹คํ–‰ํžˆ๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€๋งŒ์š” (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:09
thankfully.
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14:10
(Laughter)
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์•„๋…œ์š”, ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋„ ์žˆ์–ด์š”.
14:13
No, she's good at some things.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด์„œ
14:14
But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,
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์ „ํ™” ํ†ตํ™”๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
14:17
she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
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์•„์ด๋“ค๊ณผ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ฒœ์ • ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์น ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
14:20
(Laughter)
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์‹ฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ ๊นŒ์ง€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
14:21
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
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14:23
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
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๊ทธ ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์—, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์š”๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ๋Š”, ๋ฌธ ๋‹ซ๊ณ , ์• ๋“ค ์ซ“์•„ ๋‚ด๊ณ 
14:26
the phone's on the hook,
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์ „ํ™”๋Š” ์ ˆ๋Œ€๋กœ ์•ˆ ๋ฐ›์ฃ . ์•„๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ค๋ฉด ํ™• ์งœ์ฆ์ด ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:27
if she comes in, I get annoyed.
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14:29
I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
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โ€œํ…Œ๋ฆฌ, ๊ณ„๋ž€ ํ›„๋ผ์ด ํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋ฐฉํ•ด ์ข€ ์•ˆ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์•ˆ๋˜๊ฒ ๋‹ˆ? ์•„ ์ง„์งœ...โ€ (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:32
(Laughter)
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14:39
"Give me a break."
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14:40
(Laughter)
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14:42
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,
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๊ทธ ์ฒ ํ•™์  ๊ตฌ๋ฌธ ์•„์‹œ์ฃ , "์ˆฒ ์†์—์„œ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง€๋Š”๋ฐ
14:44
"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"
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๊ทธ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด, ๊ณผ์—ฐ ๋‚˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์“ฐ๋Ÿฌ์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์ธ๊ฐ€?"
๊ทธ ์†๋‹ด ๊ธฐ์–ต ๋‚˜์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
14:48
Remember that old chestnut?
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14:49
I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ํ‹ฐ์…”์ธ ๋ฅผ ๋ดค๋Š”๋ฐ, ์จ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
14:52
"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,
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"๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ์ˆฒ ์†์—์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ์™ธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ์–ด๋Š ์—ฌ์ž๋„ ๊ทธ ๋ง์„ ๋“ฃ์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋ฉด
14:56
is he still wrong?"
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๊ทธ ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๋ง์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํ—›์†Œ๋ฆฌ์ผ๊นŒ?" (์›ƒ์Œ)
14:57
(Laughter)
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15:05
And the third thing about intelligence is,
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์ง€์„ฑ์˜ ์…‹์งธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ๋Š” ๋…ํŠนํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:07
it's distinct.
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ํ˜„์žฌ "์—ํ”ผํฌ๋‹ˆ (Epiphany)" ๋ผ๋Š” ์ฑ…์„ ์“ฐ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:09
I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"
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์ธํ„ฐ๋ทฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์Šค๋กœ์˜ ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„
15:11
which is based on a series of interviews with people
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜๋กํ•œ ๋‚ด์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:14
about how they discovered their talent.
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์ €๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ํ‚ค์šฐ๋Š” ๊ณผ์ •์— ๋งŽ์€ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:15
I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
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์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋ฆฐ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋ถ„๊ณผ์˜
15:18
It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman
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๋Œ€ํ™” ๋•๋ถ„์— ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
15:21
who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
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๋งŽ์€ ๋ถ„๋“ค์ด ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋Š” ๋ถ„์ผ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™๊ธด ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค๋งŒ.
๋“ค์–ด ๋ณด์…จ๋‚˜์š”? ์•„์‹œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ ๋ช‡ ๋ช… ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ์•ˆ๋ฌด๊ฐ€์ด์‹œ๊ณ ์š”.
15:24
Have you heard of her? Some have.
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15:25
She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.
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๊ทธ๋ถ„์˜ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์ฃ .
'์บฃ์ธ '์™€ '์˜คํŽ˜๋ผ์˜ ์œ ๋ น'์˜ ์•ˆ๋ฌด๋ฅผ ํ•˜์…จ์ฃ .
15:28
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
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์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ๋กœ์–„ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋‹จ์˜ ์œ„์›์ด์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
15:30
She's wonderful.
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15:31
I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
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๋ณด์‹œ๋‹ค์‹œํ”ผ์š”.
15:34
(Laughter)
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์–ด์จŒ๋˜, ์–ด๋Š ๋‚  ์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ๊ณผ ์ ์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ™์ด ๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
15:36
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"
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"์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ„์„œ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์…จ์–ด์š”?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์–ด ๋ดค๋”๋‹ˆ
15:39
It was interesting.
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ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กญ๊ฒŒ๋„, ํ•™์ฐฝ ์‹œ์ ˆ ๋•Œ ์„ฑ์ ์ด ์—‰๋ง์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ณ ์š”.
15:41
When she was at school, she was really hopeless.
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1930๋…„๋Œ€์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ, ํ•™๊ต์„œ "์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ํ•™์Šต์žฅ์• ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
15:43
And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,
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๋ผ๊ณ  ํŽธ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋‚ ์•„์™”์—ˆ๋Œ€์š”.
15:46
"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."
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์ง‘์ค‘์„ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์•ˆ์ ˆ๋ถ€์ ˆ ํ–ˆ์—ˆ๋‹ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:48
She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ADHD (์ฃผ์˜๊ฒฐํ• ๊ณผ์ž‰ํ–‰๋™ ์žฅ์• )๊ฐ€
15:50
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
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์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ฒ ์ฃ ?
15:52
Wouldn't you?
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15:53
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ ์•„์ง 1930๋…„๋Œ€๋ผ์„œ ADHD๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์ •์˜๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ ๋œ ์‹œ์ ˆ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
15:57
It wasn't an available condition.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ง„๋‹จ์„ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด๋„ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†์—ˆ์ฃ . (์›ƒ์Œ)
15:59
(Laughter)
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์•„์ง ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์žฅ์• ์˜€์–ด์š”.
16:03
People weren't aware they could have that.
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ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ฐ„, ์˜์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ,
16:05
(Laughter)
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16:07
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ†ต๋‚˜๋ฌด ํŒ์ž๋กœ ๋œ ๋ฐฉ์— ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ€์„œ
16:11
So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ํ•™๊ต ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋Š” 20๋ถ„ ๋™์•ˆ
16:15
and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
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๋ฐฉ ํ•œ ๋์—์„œ ์†์„ ๊น”๊ณ  ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:17
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,
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๋ฌธ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ˆ™์ œ๋ฅผ ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ ๋‚ด๊ณ 
16:19
while this man talked to her mother
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16:21
about all the problems Gillian was having at school,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ท€์ฐฎ๊ฒŒ ๊ตด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ์š”.
16:23
because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿ ์‚ด์งœ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์• ๊ฐ€ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
์–˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋๋‚˜์ž, ์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ์˜†์— ์•‰์•„
16:27
Little kid of eight.
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16:28
In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,
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"์–ด๋จธ๋‹˜์ด ํ•˜์‹  ์–˜๊ธฐ๋“ค ๋‹ค ๋“ค์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
16:31
"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.
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์ž ๊น ์–ด๋จธ๋‹˜๊ณผ ๋”ฐ๋กœ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์•ผ ๋  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•„.
16:34
I need to speak to her privately.
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์ž ๊น๋งŒ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆํ…Œ๋‹ˆ, ์ž ๊น ๊ธฐ๋‹ค๋ ค์ค˜."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ•˜๊ณ 
16:36
Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"
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16:38
and they went and left her.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์–ด์š”.
๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ๋ฐ, ๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋ฉด์„œ ์˜์‚ฌ๋Š”
16:41
But as they went out of the room,
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16:42
he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.
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์ฑ…์ƒ ์œ„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋ผ๋””์˜ค๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ  ๋‚˜๊ฐ”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€์ž, ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ
16:45
And when they got out of the room,
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"์ž ๊น ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋”ฐ๋‹˜์„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•ด ๋ณด์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:47
he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."
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16:49
And the minute they left the room,
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๋ฐฉ์„ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋Š” ์ˆœ๊ฐ„ ๊ธธ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜์„œ ์Œ์•…์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์–ด์š”.
16:52
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
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๋ช‡ ๋ถ„ ๊ด€์ฐฐํ•˜๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ
16:54
And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ง์”€์„ ํ•ด๋“œ๋ ธ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:58
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.
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"๋ฆฐ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹˜, ์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ์€ ๋ฌธ์ œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ณ ,
17:00
She's a dancer.
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๋Œ„์„œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ„์Šค ํ•™๊ต๋กœ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์„ธ์š”."
17:03
Take her to a dance school."
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17:04
I said, "What happened?"
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๊ทธ ํ›„์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๋ƒ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ๋”๋‹ˆ
17:06
She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
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๊ทธ๋…€๊ฐ€ "๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ณด๋‚ด์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ํ‘œํ˜„ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ๊ฐ€ ์—†์–ด์š”.
17:09
We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --
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์ € ๊ฐ™์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ต์‹ค์— ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ”๋Š”๋ฐ
17:11
people who couldn't sit still,
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์ €์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ ์•‰์•„ ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค
17:14
people who had to move to think."
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์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ชธ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฝ‰ ์ฐจ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ ." ๋ชธ์„ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์•ผ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค.
17:17
Who had to move to think.
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๋ฐœ๋ ˆ, ํƒญ๋Œ„์Šค, ์žฌ์ฆˆ ๋Œ„์Šค,
17:18
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.
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๋ชจ๋˜ ๋Œ„์Šค๋‚˜ ํ˜„๋Œ€์  ๋Œ„์Šค๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋กœ์–„ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ํ•™๊ต์— ์˜ค๋””์…˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:22
She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.
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์†”๋กœ ๋Œ„์„œ๋กœ์„œ ๋กœ์–„ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ
17:25
She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์ปค๋ฆฌ์–ด๋ฅผ ์Œ“๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
17:28
She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,
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๋‚˜์ค‘์— ๋กœ์–„ ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ ํ•™๊ต์—์„œ ์กธ์—…์„ ํ•˜๊ณ 
์งˆ๋ฆฌ์•ˆ ๋ฆฐ ๋Œ„์Šค ์ปดํผ๋‹ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๊ณ 
17:31
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
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17:33
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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์—”๋“œ๋ฅ˜ ๋กœ์ด๋“œ ์›จ๋ฒ„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋์–ด์š”. ๊ทธ ํ›„๋กœ ๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ์—ญ๋Œ€ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜
17:34
She's been responsible for
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17:35
some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฎค์ง€์ปฌ์„ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ๊ณ 
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
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์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋ช…์—๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”๊ณ , ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ์žฅ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:40
and she's a multimillionaire.
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17:41
Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
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์˜์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด์—ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ์•ฝ์„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๊ณ 
17:45
(Applause)
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์ง„์ •ํ•˜๋ผ๊ณ  ๊พธ์ง–๊ธฐ๋‚˜ ํ–ˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:53
What I think it comes to is this:
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17:55
Al Gore spoke the other night
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์–ด์ ฏ๋ฐค ์•จ ๊ณ ์–ด๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž์—ฐ ์ƒํƒœ์™€
17:57
about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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๋ ˆ์ด์ฒผ ์นด์Šจ ๋•์— ์‹œ์ž‘๋œ ํ˜๋ช…์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ง์”€ ํ•ด ์ฃผ์…จ์–ด์š”.
์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์˜ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
18:02
I believe our only hope for the future
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18:04
is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ์žฌ์ •๋ฆฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
์ธ๊ฐ„์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๊ฐœ๋…์„ ๋ฐ›์•„๋“ค์ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ๋งŒ์ด
18:08
one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
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18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์œ ์ผํ•œ ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:13
Our education system has mined our minds
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์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ๋น„์Šท๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๊ด‘๋ฌผ์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ง€๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
18:16
in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ต์œก์ œ๋„๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ •์‹ ์„ ๊ฐ‰์•„๋จน๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ๋„์›€๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:20
And for the future, it won't serve us.
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18:22
We have to rethink the fundamental principles
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋ณธ์›์น™๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
18:25
on which we're educating our children.
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์žฌ๊ณ ํ•ด๋ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:27
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,
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์กฐ๋„ˆ์Šค ์†”ํฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ
18:29
"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,
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"์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ณค์ถฉ๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:34
within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.
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50๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์ „๋ฉธํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
์ธ๊ฐ„๋“ค์ด ์ „๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง„๋‹ค๋ฉด
18:38
If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,
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50๋…„ ์ด๋‚ด์— ๋ชจ๋“  ์ƒ๋ช…์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค."
18:41
within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."
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๊ทธ ๋ง ๋งž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:45
And he's right.
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TED๊ฐ€ ์†Œ์ค‘ํžˆ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๊ฐ„์˜ ์ƒ์ƒ๋ ฅ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ์žฌ๋Šฅ์ด๋ฉฐ
18:47
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์žฌ๋Šฅ์„ ํ˜„๋ช…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ฃผ์˜ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:51
We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์–˜๊ธฐํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์‹œ๋‚˜๋ฆฌ์˜ค๋“ค์„ ํ”ผํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค
18:55
and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์œ ์ผํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€
18:59
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ฐฝ์˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ ํ’๋ถ€ํ•จ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๊ณ 
19:02
for the richness they are
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์•„์ด๋“ค์„ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ํฌ๋ง์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ซ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
and seeing our children for the hope that they are.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณผ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์—
19:07
And our task is to educate their whole being,
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๋งž์„ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ์ „์ธ๊ต์œก์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:10
so they can face this future.
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19:11
By the way -- we may not see this future,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ง€๋งŒ
19:14
but they will.
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์•„์ด๋“ค์€ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฏ€๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ผ์€
19:15
And our job is to help them make something of it.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜๋ฅผ ๋ฉ‹์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:18
Thank you very much.
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19:19
(Applause)
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์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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