Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

Translator: emelyn akkermans Reviewer: Polimar Balatbat

Magandang umaga. Kamusta kayo? Magaling, di ba?

Good morning. How are you?

(Audience) Good.

It's been great, hasn't it?

Natangay ako ng buong pangyayari.

I've been blown away by the whole thing.

In fact, I'm leaving.

Sa totoo, ako'y aalis na. (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

Merong naging tatlong paksa, di ba?

There have been three themes running through the conference,

na inikutan ng komperensya, na may kinalaman

which are relevant to what I want to talk about.

One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity

sa aking nais talakayin.

Una, ang pambihirang katibayan ng pagkamalikhain ng tao

in all of the presentations that we've had

sa lahat ng pagtatanghal na nakita natin

and in all of the people here;

just the variety of it and the range of it.

at sa lahat ng mga tao na narito. Iba-iba nga lang

at ang lawak nito. Ang pangalawa ay

The second is that it's put us in a place

where we have no idea what's going to happen

tayo'y nasa sitwasyong di natin alam kung anong mangyayari

in terms of the future.

sa hinaharap. Walang ideya

No idea how this may play out.

kung anong kalalabasan.

I have an interest in education.

Ako ay interesado sa edukasyon --

Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.

talaga, natuklasan ko na ang lahat ay interesado sa edukasyon.

Don't you?

Kayo rin 'di ba? Nakakatuwang malaman.

I find this very interesting.

Kung ikaw ay nasa handaang panghapuntan, at sinabi mong

If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --

nagtra-trabaho ka sa edukasyon --

actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.

katunayan, hindi ka madalas sa mga handaang panghapunan, kung dito ka nagtratrabaho.

(Laughter)

If you work in education, you're not asked.

(Tawanan) Hindi ka iimbitahan.

(Laughter)

At di ka na iimbitahain pang muli, kataka-taka. Iyon ay kakaiba sa akin.

And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.

But if you are, and you say to somebody,

Subalit kung ikaw ay naimbitahan, at sinabi mo sa iba,

you know, they say, "What do you do?"

alam mo, tatanong nila, "Anong trabaho mo?"

and you say you work in education,

at sasabihin mong nagtratrabaho ka sa edukasyon,

you can see the blood run from their face.

makikita mo ang pamumutla ng kanilang mukha. Na parang,

They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"

(Laughter)

"Dios ko," alam mo, "Bakit ako? Kaisa-isang gabi ko sa isang linggo." (Tawanan)

"My one night out all week."

(Laughter)

But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,

Kung itatanong mo ang kanilang edukasyon,

ku-kwelyuhan ka na nila. Dahil isa ito sa mga bagay

because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?

na maselang usapin, tama?

Like religion and money and other things.

Parang relihiyon, at pera at ibang bagay.

So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.

May malaki akong interes sa edukasyon, at sa tingin ko lahat tayo.

May malaki tayong personal na interes dito,

We have a huge vested interest in it,

partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future

marahil dahil ang edukasyon ang nakatakdang

magdadala sa atin sa bukas na di natin alam.

that we can't grasp.

If you think of it,

Kung iisipin mo, ang mga batang papasok sa paaralan sa taong ito

children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.

ay mag-reretiro sa 2065. Walang nakakaalam--

Nobody has a clue,

despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,

sa kabila ng lahat ng ating namalas sa nakaraang apat na araw--

kung ano ang magiging itsura ng mundo

what the world will look like in five years' time.

sa loob ng limang taon. At subalit dapat na

And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.

tinuturuan natin sila para doon. Kaya ang walang kaalaman

So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.

ay pambihira.

And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,

At ang ikatlong bahagi nito ay

tayong lahat ay sumasang-ayon, gayunman, na

on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --

ang mga bata ay may pambihirang kapasidad na taglay --

their capacities for innovation.

kapasidad sa bagong bagay. Ibig kong sabihin, Si Sirena kagabi ay kamangha-mangha,

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?

di ba? Ang makita ang kanyang kakayanan.

Just seeing what she could do.

And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,

siya ay bukod-tangi, subalit hindi lamang sya ang

bukod-tangi sa mundo ng kabataan.

exceptional in the whole of childhood.

Ang ating natunghayan ay isang tao na may kakaibang dedikasyon

What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication

who found a talent.

nalaman ang talento. Sa aking palagay,

And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,

lahat ng mga bata ay talento

and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.

At atin itong nilulustay, ng walang pakundangan.

Kaya nais kong talakayin ang edukasyon at

So I want to talk about education,

and I want to talk about creativity.

nais kong pagusapan ang pagkamalikhain. Ako ay naninniwala na

My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,

magkasing-halaga ang karunungan bumasa at sumulat sa pagkamalikhain,

at dapat natin itong ituring sa parehong estado.

and we should treat it with the same status.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan) Salamat. Yun na yun, sya nga pala.

Thank you.

(Applause)

That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.

Maraming salamat. (Tawanan) Labing-limang minuto pa.

(Laughter)

So, 15 minutes left.

Well, Ako ay ipinanganak.... hindi (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

"Well, I was born ... "

(Laughter)

Kamakailan ay may narinig akong kwento -- Gustong-gusto ko itong kinukwento --

I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --

isang batang babae sa leksiyon ng pagguhit. Anim na taon

of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.

She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,

at sya ay nasa may likuran ng klase, gumuguhit,

and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,

at sabi ng guro ang maliit na batang babae ito ay bibihirang

nagbibigay pansin, at sa leksiyon ng pagguhit na ito siya ay nagbigay pansin.

and in this drawing lesson, she did.

The teacher was fascinated.

She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"

Nabighani ang guro at lumapit siya sa kanya

at nagtanong, "Anong ginagawa mo?"

And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."

At ang sabi ng batang babaek, "Gumuguhit ako ng larawan ng Diyos."

And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."

At sabi ng guro, "Pero walang nakaka-alam ng itsura ng Dios"

And the girl said, "They will in a minute."

At sabi ng batang babae, "Maya-maya lang malalaman nila"

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Noong ang aking anak ay apat na taon sa Inglatera --

When my son was four in England --

katunayan siya ay apat na taon kahit saan, para maging matapat (Tawanan)

actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.

Kung kami'y magiging strikto tungkol dito, kahit saan siya pumunta, apat na taon siya noong taon na iyon.

(Laughter)

If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.

He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?

Siya ay nasa Nativity play.

Naaalala ninyo pa ba ang kwento? Hindi, ito ay napakalaki.

(Laughter)

No, it was big, it was a big story.

Ito ay napakalaking kwento. Ginawaan nga ito ng karugtong ni Mel Gibson.

Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.

(Laughter)

Maaaring napanood nyo na: "Nativity II." Pero nakuha ni James ang parte ni Joseph,

"Nativity II."

But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.

na aming lubos na ikinasiya.

We considered this to be one of the lead parts.

Ibinilang namin itong isa sa mga pangunahing bahagi.

We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:

Siksik ang lugar ng mga naka T-shirt ng:

"James Robinson ay si Joseph!" (Tawanan)

"James Robinson IS Joseph!"

(Laughter)

He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?

Hindi nya kailangan magsalita, alam nyo

yung papasok ang tatlong hari. May mga bitbit na mga regalo,

They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.

at bitbit nila ang ginto, kamanyang at mira.

This really happened.

Ito ay talagang nangyari. Nakaupo kami

We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,

tingin ko hindi nila nasunod ang pagkasunod-sunod

because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,

dahil tinanong namin ang isang batang lalake pagkatapos,

"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"

"OK ba sa iyo 'yun?" At sabi nya, "Oo, bakit? May Mali ba ?"

Nagkapalit lang sila, yun lang.

They just switched.

The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.

Kahit papaano, pumasok ang tatlong lalaki --

apat na taong mga bata na may putong sa kanilang mga ulo--

at ibinaba ang kanilang mga kahon,

They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."

at sabi ng unang bata, "Bitbit ko ay ginto."

And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."

At sabi ng ikalawang bata, "Ako naman ay mira"

And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."

(Laughter)

At sabi ng ikatlong bata, "ipinadala ito ni Frank." (Tawanan)

What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.

Sa lahat ng ito kita ang kahandaan ng mga batang kunin ang pagkakataon.

If they don't know, they'll have a go.

Kung di nila alam, gagawan nila ng paraan.

Tama ba ako? Hindi sila takot magkamali.

Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.

Ngayo, hindi ko sinasabing ang pagkakamali ay tulad rin ng pagiging malikhain.

I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.

What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,

Ang alam natin ay,

kung di ka nakahandang magkamali,

you'll never come up with anything original --

hindi ka makakagawa ng bagay na orihinal.

if you're not prepared to be wrong.

Kung di ka nakahandang magkamali. At sa panahong sila ay mga malalaki na,

And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.

marami sa mga bata ay wala ng kapasidad.

Sila ay naging matatakutin ng magkamali.

They have become frightened of being wrong.

And we run our companies like this.

At ganitong natin pinatatakbo ang ating mga kumpanya, maiba ako.

We stigmatize mistakes.

Pinapaging malaking kasalanan ang pagkakakmali. At tayo ngayon ay pinapatakbo

And we're now running national education systems

ang nasyonal na sistema ng edukasyon kung saan

where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.

ang pagkakamali ang masahol mong magagawa.

And the result is that we are educating people

At ang resulta nito ay inaalisan natin

out of their creative capacities.

ng pagiging malikhain ang mga tao. Nasambit minsan ito ni Picasso.

Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.

Sinabi niya ang lahat ng mga bata ay isinilang na artista.

The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.

Ang problema ay kung paano mapapanatili ito sa paglaki. Lubhang aniniwala ako dito,

I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,

na hindi tayo lumalaki sa pagkamalikhain,

we grow out of it.

nawawalan tayo nito. O kaya, tumitigil sa pagkatuto.

Or rather, we get educated out of it.

Bakit ganito?

So why is this?

Nanirahan ako sa Stratford-on-Avon sa nakaraang limang taon.

I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.

Sa katunayan, mula sa Stratford kami ay lumipat sa Los Angeles.

Maiisip nyo ang kawalan ng koneksyon ng paglipat na iyon.

So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan) Sa katunayan,

Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,

kami ay nakatira sa Snitterfield,

just outside Stratford,

sa labas ng Stratford, kung saan

which is where Shakespeare's father was born.

ipinanganak ang tatay ni Shakespeare. Nakakagulat ba?

Are you struck by a new thought? I was.

You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?

Di nyo akalaing si Shakespeare ay may tatay, ano?

Do you?

Di ba? Dahil hindi nyo maisip

Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?

Si Shakespeare sa kanyang kabataan? Di ba?

Shakespeare being seven?

Pitong taong Shakespeare? Hindi ko inisip. Ibig kong sabihin, siya ay

I never thought of it.

I mean, he was seven at some point.

naging pitong taong gulang kahit papaano. Siya ay

He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?

kasali rin sa klase ng English, hindi ba? Naisip nyo ba kung gaano nakakainis yun?

(Laughter)

How annoying would that be?

(Tawanan) "Kailangan mong galingan." S'ya ay pinapatulog din ng tatay niya, alam niyo,

(Laughter)

"Must try harder."

(Laughter)

Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"

sinasabihan syang "Matulog na"

To William Shakespeare.

kay William Shakespeare, "at bitiwan na ang lapis.

"And put the pencil down!"

At tigilan na ang pagsasalita ng ganyan. Dahil nakakagulo ito sa lahat."

(Laughter)

"And stop speaking like that."

(Laughter)

"It's confusing everybody."

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,

Kahit papaano, lumipat kami mula Stratford patungo sa Los Angeles,

at ang isang bagay ukol sa paglipat na iyon.

and I just want to say a word about the transition.

Ayaw sumama ng aking anak na lalaki.

Actually, my son didn't want to come.

I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.

Dalawa ang aking anak. Ang lalake ay 21 na; ang babae ay 16.

He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.

Ayaw niyang sumama sa Los Angeles. Gusto nya,

He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.

pero sya ay may kasintahan sa Inglatera, Ang mahal niya sa buhay, si Sarah.

This was the love of his life, Sarah.

Nakilala nya siya ng isang buwan.

He'd known her for a month.

Isipin mo, sila ay nagdiwang ng kanilang ika-apat na anibersaryo,

(Laughter)

Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,

dahil mahaba ang panahon kapag ikaw ay 16.

because it's a long time when you're 16.

He was really upset on the plane.

Siya ay talagang inis habang nasa eroplano,

He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."

At sabi nya, "di na ko makahahanap pa ng tulad ni Sarah."

And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --

At sa totoo lang kami ay masaya sa bagay na iyon,

sapagkat siya ang pinaka dahilan kung bakit kami aalis ng bansa.

(Laughter)

because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Peor isang bagay na kapansin-pansin sa paglipat sa Amerika

But something strikes you when you move to America

at kung bibiyahe ka sa buong mundo:

and travel around the world:

Ang bawat sistema ng edukasyon sa mundo ay may pare-pareho ng bahagdan ng mga asignatura.

every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.

Lahat. Kahit saan ka magpunta.

Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.

Aakalain mong hindi ganuon, subalit ganun talaga.

You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.

At ang mga nasa taas ay matematika at lengguwahe,

At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.

sunod ay "humanities", at pinakahuli ang mga "sining."

At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.

Kahit saan sa mundo.

And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.

At karamihan ng bawat sistema din,

may antas ng bahagdan sa sining.

Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools

Ang sining at musika ay nasa mataas na antas ng mga eskwela

than drama and dance.

kaysa drama at sayaw. Walang sistema ng edukasyon sa planeta

There isn't an education system on the planet

that teaches dance every day to children

na nagtuturo ng sayaw araw-araw sa mga bata

the way we teach them mathematics.

tulad ng pagtuturo natin ng matematika. Bakit?

Why?

Why not?

Bakit hindi? Sa palagay ko ito ay mahalaga.

I think this is rather important.

Sa tingin ko ang matematika ay napakahalaga, ganoon din ang sayaw.

I think math is very important, but so is dance.

Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.

Ang mga bata ay sasayaw kahit anong oras kung papayagan sila, tayo rin.

We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?

Tayong lahat ay may katawan, di ba? May nakalimutan ba akong pagtitipon?

(Laughter)

(Tawanan) Ang katotohanan, ang nangyayari ay,

Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,

habang lumalaki ang mga bata, tinuturuan sila

we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.

mula baywang pataas. At tumitigil tayo sa ulo.

And then we focus on their heads.

At bahagya sa isang bahagi.

And slightly to one side.

Kung ikaw ay bibisita sa edukasyon, bilang isang dayuhan,

If you were to visit education as an alien

and say "What's it for, public education?"

at magtatanong "Para saan ito, pampublikong edukasyon?"

I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,

Sa isip ko kailangan mong magpasya -- kung titingin ka sa kalalabasan,

who really succeeds by this,

ang talagang nagtatagumpay ay,

who does everything they should,

ang gumagawa ng lahat ng dapat gawin,

who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --

ang nakakakuha ng mga puntos, kung sino ang mga nananalo --

I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education

Palagay ko'y masasabi nating ang layunin ng pampublikong edukasyon

throughout the world

sa buong mundo

is to produce university professors.

ay upang lumikha ng mga propesor sa unibersidad. Hindi ba?

Isn't it?

They're the people who come out the top.

Sila ang mga taong lumalabas na nangunguna.

And I used to be one, so there.

(Laughter)

At ako'y isa doon dati, kaya ganun. (Tawanan)

At gusto ko ang mga propesor sa unibersidad, pero alam ninyo,

And I like university professors,

but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up

hindi sila dapat itanghal na pinakamataas na karangalan ng tagumpay ng tao.

as the high-water mark of all human achievement.

They're just a form of life.

Sila ay isa ring uri ng buhay,

Another form of life.

ibang uri ng buhay. Ngunit mas mausisa,

But they're rather curious.

at sinasabi ko itong may puso para sa kanila.

And I say this out of affection for them:

there's something curious about professors.

May bagay na kausi-usisa sa mga propesor sa aking karanasan --

In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.

hindi lahat sila, pero karamihan -- ay nabubuhay sa kanilang isip.

They live up there and slightly to one side.

Sila ay nabubuhay doon, at bahagya sa ibang bahagi.

Para silang kalas-kalas na katawan, alam nyo, sa literal na paraan,

They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.

They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.

Ang tingin nila sa kanilang katawan

ay daanan ng impormasyon patungo sa kanilang ulo, hindi ba sila?

(Laughter)

Don't they?

It's a way of getting their head to meetings.

(Tawanan) Upang may madala sila sa mga pagtitipon.

(Laughter)

Kung gusto ninyo ng tunay na ebidensya ng "out-of-body" na karanasan,

If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,

maiba ako, pumunta kayo sa isang tahanang pagpupulong

get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics

ng mga pang-akademiyang sinyor,

and pop into the discotheque on the final night.

at dumating kayo sa diskotek sa huling gabi.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan) At doon makikita ninyo -- mga lalake at babae

And there, you will see it.

Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.

namimilipit ng husto, wala sa tyempo,

(Laughter)

naghihintay matapos upang sila ay makauwi at makapagsulat ukol sa kaganapan.

Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.

Ngayon ang ating sistema ng edukasyon ay nakabase sa pang-akademyang abilidad.

(Laughter)

Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.

At ito'y may dahilan.

And there's a reason.

Around the world, there were no public systems of education,

Ang buong sistema ay na-imbento -- sa buong mundo, mayroon

noong walang pampublikong sistema ng edukasyon, bago ang ika-19 na siglo.

really, before the 19th century.

Ito ay naisakatuparan lamang

They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.

dahil sa pangangailangan ng industriyalismo.

Kaya ang sistema ay naka-ugat sa dalawang ideya.

So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.

Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.

Una, ang kagamit-gamit na asignatura sa pagtra-trabaho

ay nasa taas. Kaya maaring bahagyang napalayo kayo

So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school

sa mga bagay at eskwelahan noong bata pa kayo, mga bagay na gusto ninyo,

when you were a kid,

sa kadahilanang hindi ka

things you liked,

on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.

magkakatrabaho kapag iyon ang iyong ginawa. Tama ba?

Is that right?

Huwag musika, hindi ka magiging musikero;

"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;

Huwag sining, hindi ka magiging artist.

don't do art, you won't be an artist."

Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.

Lihis na payo -- ngayon, malaking pagkakamali. Ang buong mundo

The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.

ay nababalot ng rebolusyon.

And the second is academic ability,

At ang pangalawa ay ang pang-akademyang abilidad, na tunay na nangingimbabaw

which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,

sa 'ting pananaw ng intelihensya,

dahil ganito dinesenyo ng mga unibersidad ang sistema.

because the universities design the system in their image.

Kung iyong iisipin, ang buong sistema

If you think of it,

the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process

ng pampublikong edukasyon ay nakabatay sa pinalawig na proseso

ng pagpasok sa unibersidad.

of university entrance.

At ang resulta ay maraming puno ng talentong,

And the consequence is that many highly talented,

brilliant, creative people think they're not,

magagaling, malikhaing indibidwal ang hindi naniniwala sa sarili,

because the thing they were good at at school

dahil ang bagay kung saan sila magaling sa paaralan

ay di binigyang halaga, o sanhi ng kanilang kahihiyan.

wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.

And I think we can't afford to go on that way.

At hindi natin maaaring hayaan ito.

In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,

Sa susunod na 30 taon, ayon sa UNESCO,

more people worldwide will be graduating through education

maraming tao sa buong mundo ang magtatapos

than since the beginning of history.

sa edukasyon na di pa nangyayari simula noon.

More people.

Maraming tao, at ito ay kombinasyon

And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:

ng lahat ng bagay na ating tinalakay --

technology and its transformational effect on work,

ang teknolohiya at ang epekto nito sa trabaho, at demograpiya

and demography and the huge explosion in population.

at ang lawak ng pagsabog ng populasyon.

Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.

Bigla nalang, ang mga titulong nakamit ay walang halaga. Di ba ito totoo?

Isn't that true?

Noong ako'y mag-aaral, kung ikaw ay may natapos, may trabaho ka.

When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.

If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.

Kung ikaw ay walang trabaho yan ay dahil ayaw mo.

And I didn't want one, frankly.

At ayaw ko ng trabaho, sa totoo lang. (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

Subalit ngayong kadalasan ang mga batang nagsipagtapos

But now kids with degrees are often heading home

to carry on playing video games,

ay umuuwi upang ipagpatuloy ang paglalaro ng "video games,"

dahil kailangan ng "MA" sa dating BA lang ang kailangan

because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,

ngayon kailangan ng PhD sa iba.

and now you need a PhD for the other.

It's a process of academic inflation.

Ito ay proseso ng pagbintog ng akademya.

And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.

At ito'y nagpapahiwatig na ang buong istraktura ng edukasyon

ay nagbabago. Kailangan nating pag-isipang muli

We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.

ang ating pananaw ukol sa intelehensya.

Tatlong bagay ang alam natin sa intelehensya.

We know three things about intelligence.

Una, ito'y iba-iba. Tulad ng pagtanaw natin sa mundo

One, it's diverse.

We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.

sa karanasan natin dito. Napapaisip tayo ng ating nakikita,

We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.

ng ating naririnig, sa paraang "kinesthetic".

We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.

Tayo'y nag-iisip sa paraang abstract, nag-iisip sa pagkilos.

Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.

Ikalawa, ang intelihensya ay buhay.

If you look at the interactions of a human brain,

Kung titingnan natin ang pakikipagniig ng utak ng tao, tulad ng ating narinig

as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,

kahapon mula sa iba't ibang pagtatanghal,

intelligence is wonderfully interactive.

kamangha-mangha ang pakikipag-ugnayan ng intelihensya.

The brain isn't divided into compartments.

Ang utak ay di nahahati sa kompartamento.

In fact, creativity --

Sa katunayan, ang pagkamalikhain -- ay ang proseso

which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --

ng pagkakaroon ng mga orihinal na ideya na may halaga --

more often than not comes about

na madalas na nakakamit sa pakikipagniig

through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.

ng iba't-ibang pamamaraan ng pagtingin sa mga bagay bagay

Ang utak ay intensyonal -- sya nga pala,

By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,

may tangkay ng "nerves" na nag-uugnay sa dalawang kalahati ng utak

called the corpus callosum.

na tinatawag na "corpus callusum". Mas makapal sa mga babae.

It's thicker in women.

Tulad ng sinabi ni Helen kahapon, aking palagay

Following off from Helen yesterday,

marahil dahil dito kaya ang mga babae ay magaling sa "multi-task".

this is probably why women are better at multitasking.

Because you are, aren't you?

Dahil kayo ay ganun, di ba?

There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.

Maraming pagsasaliksik, subalit batid ko mula sa karanasan.

If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...

Kung ang aking asawa nagluluto ng pagkain --

na hindi kadalasan, salamat. (Tawanan)

thankfully.

(Laughter)

Pero alam nyo, sya'y totoong magaling sa mga bagay --

No, she's good at some things.

kung siya'y nagluluto, alam nyo,

But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,

may kausap sya sa telepono,

she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --

kausap ang mga bata. nagpipintura ng kisame,

(Laughter)

sya ay nag-oopera ng puso sa gawi rito.

she's doing open-heart surgery over here.

If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,

Kung ako'y nagluluto, nakapinid ang pinto, nasa labas ang mga bata,

the phone's on the hook,

nakapirmi ang telepono, nayayamot ako pag pumasok ang asawa ko.

if she comes in, I get annoyed.

I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."

Sinasabi ko, "Terry, paki-usap lang? Nag pi-pirito ako ng itlog dito. Pwede ba? (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

"Give me a break."

(Laughter)

Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,

Alam nyo ba yung matandan kasabihan,

"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"

kapag ang isang puno ay natumba sa kakahuyan at walang nakarinig nito,

nangyari ba ito? Naalala nyo ba ang lumang chestnut?

Remember that old chestnut?

I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,

May t-shirt na nakasulat, "Kung magsasabi ng nilalaman ng kanyang isip ang lalaki

"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,

sa kakahuyan, at walang babaeng nakakarinig sa kanya,

is he still wrong?"

may mali pa kaya sya?" (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

And the third thing about intelligence is,

Ikatlong bagay ukol sa intelihensya ay,

it's distinct.

ito'y kakaiba. Nagsusulat ako ng bagong aklat sa kasalukuyan

I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"

na tinatawag na "Epiphany", base sa isang series ng

which is based on a series of interviews with people

pakikipagpanayam sa mga tao ukol sa paano nila nadiskubre

about how they discovered their talent.

ang kanilang talento. Nakakatuwa kung paano nila nadidiskubre.

I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.

Ito ay sadyang umudyok ng pakikipagusap ko

It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman

sa isang kahanga-hangang babae na maaring ang karamihan

who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.

ay hindi sya nakikilala, sya ay si Gillian Lynne,

kilala nyo ba sya? Siya a isang "choreographer"

Have you heard of her? Some have.

She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.

at lahat ay kilala ang kanyang trabaho.

Ginawa nya ang "Cats," at ang "Phantom of the Opera."

She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."

Siya ay kahanga-kahanga. Minsan akong naging bahagi ng Royal Ballet, sa Inglatera,

She's wonderful.

I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.

tulad ng nakikita nyo.

(Laughter)

Kahit papaano, si Gillian at ako ay nananghalian ng isang araw at sabi ko sa kanya,

Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"

"Gillian, pa'no ka ba naging isang mananayaw?" At sabi nya

It was interesting.

nakakatuwa, nung sya ay nasa paaralan,

When she was at school, she was really hopeless.

sya'y walang pag-asa. At ang paaralan, nung dekada '30,

And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,

ay sumulat sa kanyang mga magulang at sinabing, "Sa aming palagay

"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."

si Gillian ay may pag-aaral na disorder." Di sya makapag-concentrate,

She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.

sya ay makilos. Ngayon tatawagin syang

I think now they'd say she had ADHD.

may ADHD. Di ba? Subalit ito ay nasa 1930.

Wouldn't you?

But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.

at ang ADHD ay di pa naiimbento noon.

It wasn't an available condition.

Di pa sya pwedeng sa ganung condition (Tawanan)

(Laughter)

Di pa alam ng mga tao na pwede nilang makuha ang ganito.

People weren't aware they could have that.

Kahit papaano, sya ay ipinatingin sa espesyalista. Kaya, itong silid,

(Laughter)

Anyway, she went to see this specialist.

sya at ang kanyang nanay,

So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,

at siya ay ginabayan at pinaupon sa dulo ng upuan,

at inupuan nya ang kanyang kamay ng 20 minute habang

and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,

ang taong ito'y nakikipagusap sa kanyang nanay sa lahat

and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,

ng mga problema ni Gillian sa paaralan. At pagkatapos --

while this man talked to her mother

about all the problems Gillian was having at school,

dahil nagagambala nya ang mga tao,

because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.

palagi syang huli sa takdang aralin, at marami pang iba,

batang walong taong gulang-- nilapitan ng doctor at naupo

Little kid of eight.

In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,

katabi ni GIlllian at sabi ,"Gillian,

"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.

Napakinggan ko ang lahat ng sinabi ng iyong nanay

at kailangan ko syang makausap ng sarilinan"

I need to speak to her privately.

Sabi nya, "Dito ka lang, babalik kami, di kami magtatagal."

Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"

and they went and left her.

at sila ay umalis at iniwan sya.

Bago tuluyang lumabas, pinatugtog nya ang radio

But as they went out of the room,

he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.

na nasa kanyang lamesa. At ng sila

ay makalabas, sabi nya sa nanay,

And when they got out of the room,

"Tayo ka at panoorin mo sya." Sa sandaling lumabas sila

he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."

And the minute they left the room,

sabi nya, sya ay tumayo, at nagsimulang gumalaw kasabay ng tugtog.

she was on her feet, moving to the music.

At sila ay nanood ng ilang minuto

And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,

at tumingin sya sa nanay at nagsabi,

"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.

"Ginang Lynne, si Gillian ay walang sakit, sya ay mananayaw.

She's a dancer.

Dalhin mo sya sa isang dance school."

Take her to a dance school."

I said, "What happened?"

Sabi ko, "Anong nangyari?"

She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.

Sabi nya, "Ginawa nya. Hindi ko maipaliwanag kung gaano kamangha-mangha ito.

We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --

Pumasok kami sa silid na ito at ito ay puno ng

people who couldn't sit still,

mga kagaya ko. Hindi makatagal na nakaupo lang.

people who had to move to think."

Mga taong kailangang kumilos para makapag-isip." Kailangang gumalaw para mag-isip.

Who had to move to think.

Nag-ballet, nag-tap, nag-jazz,

They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.

nag-modern, nag-contemporary.

Di kalaunan sya ay nag-odisyon sa Royal Ballet School,

She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.

siya ay naging isang soloista, nagkaroon ng magandang career

She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.

at sa Royal Ballet. Sya ay nagtapos

She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,

mula sa Royal ballet School at

nagtayo ng sariling kumpanya -- Gillian Lynne Dance Company --

founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,

met Andrew Lloyd Webber.

nakilala si Andrew Lloyd Weber. Sya rin ang responsable sa

She's been responsible for

some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,

ilan sa mga matagumpay na pagtatanghal na teatrong musikal

she's given pleasure to millions,

na produksyon sa kasaysayan, million ang napasaya nya,

and she's a multimillionaire.

Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.

at siya ay isang multi-millionaire. May isang tao

(Applause)

dapat magbigay sa kanya ng gamot upang sya ay

manahimik.

Sa aking palagay.. (Palakpakan) Ang kalalabasan nito ay:

What I think it comes to is this:

Al Gore spoke the other night

Si Al gore ay nagsalit noong isang gabi

about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.

ukol sa ekolohiya, at sa rebolusyon na pinasimulan ni Rachel Carson

Naniniwala ako na ang pag-asa sa kinabukasan

I believe our only hope for the future

is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,

ay ang gumamit ng bagong konsepto ng "human ecology",

isa na syang magsisimulang magpanibago ang ating pagkaunawa

one in which we start to reconstitute our conception

of the richness of human capacity.

ukol sa yaman ng kapasidad ng tao.

Our education system has mined our minds

Ang sistema ng edukasyon ang nagmimina ng ating kaisipan kung saan

in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.

inalisan nating ang mundo: ng isang natatanging kalakal.

At sa kinabukasan, hindi ito makakabuti sa atin.

And for the future, it won't serve us.

We have to rethink the fundamental principles

Pag-isipan nating muli ang mga pangunahing batayan

on which we're educating our children.

na ipinanghuhubog sa ating kabataan. May isang

There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,

magandang sinabi si Jonas Salk, "Kung ang mga insekto

"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,

ay mawawala sa mundo,

within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.

sa 50 taon lahat ng buhay sa mundo ay magwawakas.

Kung ang lahat ng tao ay mawawala sa mundo

If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,

sa 50 taon lahat ng buhay sa mundo ay sasagana."

within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."

At tama sya.

And he's right.

Ang ipinagdiriwang ng TED ay ang kaloob ng maglikhaing-isip.

What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.

Kailangang mag ingat sa paggamit ng kaloob na ito

We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,

husayan, upang tayo ay kumawala sa mga senaryo

and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.

senaryo na ating natalakay. At ang tanging paraan

And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities

ay makita natin ang ating malikhaing kakayanang

for the richness they are

sa yamang taglay nito, at makita

and seeing our children for the hope that they are.

natin ang pagasang meron ang mga bata. Tungkulin natin

And our task is to educate their whole being,

linangin ang kanilang buong katauhan, para sa kinabukasan.

so they can face this future.

By the way -- we may not see this future,

Maaring di natin makita ang hinaharap,

but they will.

subalit makikita nila. Trabaho nating tulungan

And our job is to help them make something of it.

silang makalikha mula sa mga ito. Maraming salamat.

Thank you very much.

(Applause)