Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

Translator: Nafissa Yakubova Reviewer: Adham Kurbanov

Xatrli tong. Qandaysizlar? Bu juda ham ajoyib, shunday emasmi?

Good morning. How are you?

(Audience) Good.

It's been great, hasn't it?

Buning hammasi meni hayratga soldi.

I've been blown away by the whole thing.

In fact, I'm leaving.

Aslida, men hozir ketayapman ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

Bu Konferenciyada uchta mavzu bo'ldi, sunday emasmi?

There have been three themes running through the conference,

men gapiradigan

which are relevant to what I want to talk about.

One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity

mavzuga oid demoqchimanda.

Ularning biri inson ijodkorligining g'aroyibligi

in all of the presentations that we've had

buni berilgan taqdimot va ma'ruzalrning hammasida

and in all of the people here;

just the variety of it and the range of it.

va bu yerda yig'ilgan odamlarda ko'rish mumkin. Shunchaki

buning xilma hilligini qarang. Ikkinchisi esa

The second is that it's put us in a place

where we have no idea what's going to happen

Bizni shunday joyga joylashtirishki, biz nima bo'lishini bilmaymiz

in terms of the future.

albatta, kelasi zamonda. Umuman

No idea how this may play out.

bu qanday sodir bo'lishini bilmaymiz.

I have an interest in education.

Men ta'lim sohasiga qiziqaman-

Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.

aslida, men shunga amin bo'ldimki, hamma ham ta'lim sohasiga qiziqadi.

Don't you?

Siz qiziqmaysizmi? Men buni juda qiziqrli deb o'ylayman.

I find this very interesting.

Agar siz kechki oqshomda bo'lsangiz, va agar siz

If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --

ta'lim sohasida ishlashingizni aytsangiz-

actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.

aslida, siz bunday kechki oqshomlarga, o'tirishlarga ko'p bormaysiz, tog'risini aytganda, agar siz ta'lim sohasida ishlasangiz

(Laughter)

If you work in education, you're not asked.

( Kulgi) Sizni taklif qilishmaydi.

(Laughter)

Va sizni hech qachon yana chaqirishmaydi. Bu mn uchun juda g'alatidir.

And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.

But if you are, and you say to somebody,

Lekin, aytaylik siz bordingiz va siz kimgadir aytdingiz

you know, they say, "What do you do?"

bilasizmi, ular " Siz nima qilasiz?" deb so'raydi

and you say you work in education,

va siz ta'lim sohasida ishlashingizni aytasiz,

you can see the blood run from their face.

va qarabsizki, ularni yuzlaidan qon qochib ketadi.

They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"

(Laughter)

Ular huddi " O, xudoyim!" " Nima uchun men? Haftada o'zi bir tun aylanishga chiqsam( uchratgan odamimni qara!) ( Kulgi)

"My one night out all week."

(Laughter)

But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,

Lekin, agar siz ularni ta'limi haqida so'rasangiz,

sizni qamrab oladilar. Chunki bu shunday narsalarning biriki,

because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?

u odamlarga juda chuqur tegadi, to'g'rimi?

Like religion and money and other things.

Xuddi din kabi, pul va boshqa narsalar kabi.

So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.

Men ta'lim sohasiga juda ham qiziqaman, va biz hammamiz ham qiziqamiz deb o'ylayman.

Biz bunga qiziqmaiz,

We have a huge vested interest in it,

partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future

va sababning bir qismi shundaki

u biz tushunolmagan kelajakka yetaklaydi.

that we can't grasp.

If you think of it,

O'ylab ko'ring, bu yil maktabga borayotgan bolalar

children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.

2065 yili nafaqaga chiqishadi. Hech kim bilmaydi

Nobody has a clue,

despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,

shuncha mutaxasislarning 4 kun davomida

dunyo qanday bo'lishinini aytishlariga qaramay

what the world will look like in five years' time.

keyin 5 yil ichida deymanda. Va halonki biz

And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.

unign uchun ta'lim olishimiz kerak. Shunday bashorat qilib bo'lmayslk, menimcha

So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.

juda g'aroyibdir.

And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,

Va uchinchi qismi shundaki

biz hammamiz shunga kelishamiz-

on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --

bolalarning g'aroyib qobiliyati

their capacities for innovation.

ularning yanglianishga intilishi. Yani, o'tgan kecha Sirena juda ajoyib edi,

I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?

shunday emasmi? Shunchaki uning nimalar qila olishini ko'rish!

Just seeing what she could do.

And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,

Va u juda o'zgacha, lekin u unday deb o'ylamaydi. Bu degani

o'zgachalik bu bolalikning asl o'zidir.

exceptional in the whole of childhood.

Bu inson, g'aroyib berilish natijasi

What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication

who found a talent.

va u o'z iste'dodini topa olgan. Mening fikrimcha,

And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,

hamma bolalarda juda katta iste'dod bor.

and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.

va biz buni sovuqqonlik bilan nazarga ilmaymiz, yo'qotamiz.

Va shunday qilib men ta'lim sohasi va

So I want to talk about education,

and I want to talk about creativity.

ijodkorlik haqida gapiraman.Men juda diqqatga olmoqchimanki,

My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,

Ta'lim sohasida, ijodkorlik hozirda huddi savodxonlik kabi muhim hisoblanadi

va biz ularnign ikkalasini birdek diqqatga olishimiz kerak

and we should treat it with the same status.

(Applause)

( Qarsaklar) Rahmat. Bu hammasi edi aytgancha.

Thank you.

(Applause)

That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.

Katta rahmat ( Kulgi). Xo'sh, yana 15 daqiqa qoldi.

(Laughter)

So, 15 minutes left.

Xo'sh... men tu'gilgan ... yo'q. ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

"Well, I was born ... "

(Laughter)

Men yaqinda juda ajoyib bir voqea eshittim- va men uni hikoya qilishni juday yaxshi ko'raman-

I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --

bu bir kichkina qizaloqning rasm darsi haqida. u 6 yoshda

of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.

She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,

va u orqada o'tirib rasm chizayotgan edi

and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,

va o'qituvchining gapiga qaraganda, bu qizaloq zo'rg'a

diqqat qilar edi, va xuddi shu rasm darsida u e'tibor berdi.

and in this drawing lesson, she did.

The teacher was fascinated.

She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"

O'qituvchi juda ajablanib uning oldiga boradi

va " Sen nima chizayapsan?' deb so'taydi

And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."

va qiz " Xudning rasmini" deb javob beradi

And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."

o'qituvchi esa: " Lekin, hech kim Xudoning qanday ekanligini ko'rmagan"

And the girl said, "They will in a minute."

va qizaloq: " Bilishadi, bir daqiqa ichida" deb javob beradi.

(Laughter)

( Kulgi)

Mening og'lim 4 yosh paytida, Angliyada-

When my son was four in England --

aslida u hamma joyda 4 yoshda edi, to'g'risini aytganda ( kulgi)

actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.

agar buni qattiq ushlasak, qayerga bormasin, o'sha yili u 4 yoshda edi

(Laughter)

If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.

He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?

U " Nativity" P'essasida edi

Bu hikoyani eslaysizmi? Bu juda muhim hikoya

(Laughter)

No, it was big, it was a big story.

hatta Mel Gibson ham buning keyin o'z ijodiga oldi

Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.

(Laughter)

siz ko'rgandirsiz " Nativity II". Lekin James, Josefning rolini o'ynadi

"Nativity II."

But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.

biz juda ham hayratda edik.

We considered this to be one of the lead parts.

Biz buni eng bosh rollardan biri deb o'yladik.

We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:

U joyda biz agentlarimiga futbolkalar kiydirganmiz

" James Robinson Josef rolida!" deb ( Kulgi)

"James Robinson IS Joseph!"

(Laughter)

He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?

Uning aytadigan so'zi ham yo'q edi. Lekin bilsangiz

3 ta podsho kirib kelgan paytida. Ular sovg'alarni taklif qiladilar

They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.

va ular oltin, kauchuk va mushk

This really happened.

Bu rostdan ham sodir bo'lgan. Biz shu yerda o'tirgan edik

We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,

va ular yozilgan tsenariydan tashqariga chiqib ketdilar,

because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,

chunki biz keyin bola bilan gaplashdik va biz

"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"

" Senga shu maqulmi? " va u " Ha, nima bo'libdi?" dedi.

Ular rollarini almashtirib olishgan edi.

They just switched.

The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.

Xullas, 3 ta bola kelib

4 yoshli bolalar, boshlarida choy sochiq bilan-

va ular korobkalarini yerga qo'yishdi,

They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."

va birinchi bola : " Men oltin olib keldim" dedi

And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."

" Ikkinchisi " Men senga mushki anbar olib keldim"

And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."

(Laughter)

va uchinchi bola " Frank denga buni yubordi" dedi ( Kulgi) ( Kauchuk ingliz tilida Frankincense- Frank jo'natdi bo'lib eshitiladi)

What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.

Bu bolalarning o'xshahs tomoni ular tavakkal qila oladilar.

If they don't know, they'll have a go.

Agar nima qilishni bilmasa, tavakkal qilib urinib ko'radilar.

To'g'rimi? Ular xato qilishdan qo'rmaydilar.

Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.

Lekin men xato qilish ijodkorlik bilan bir hil deb aytmayapman.

I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.

What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,

Biz shuni bilamizki,

agar xato qilishga tayyor bo'lmasang,

you'll never come up with anything original --

sen hech qachon betakror narsalarni qilolmaysan

if you're not prepared to be wrong.

Agar siz xato qilishga tayyor bo'lmasangiz, va katta odam bo'ladigan vaqtga kelib

And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.

ko'p bolalar qobiliyatini yo'qotadilar.

Ular xato qilishdan qo'rqadilar.

They have become frightened of being wrong.

And we run our companies like this.

Va biz kompaniyalarimizni xuddi shu ravishda boshqaramiz, aytgancha.

We stigmatize mistakes.

Biz xatolarni ayblaymiz. Va hozir biz

And we're now running national education systems

Milliy ta'lim sohasini shunday olib borayapmizki,

where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.

xatolar eng yomon narsaday go'yo.

And the result is that we are educating people

Va buning natijasida, biz odamlarning ularning ijodkorlik qobiliyatidan chetga surayapmiz

out of their creative capacities.

Pikasso bir paytlar aytgandi

Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.

Bolalar tug'ma ijodkorlar.

The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.

Muammo shundaki, katta bo'lgan sari shu ijodkorlikni saqlab qolish. Men bunga chindan ishonaman

I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,

biz ijodkorlikka kirib kelmaymiz

we grow out of it.

balki undan chiqib ketamiz. Yoki biz uni ta'lim bilan almashtiramiz.

Or rather, we get educated out of it.

Nima uchun?

So why is this?

5 yil avval men Stratford- Avonda yashadim.

I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.

In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.

aslida biz Strafortdan Los Anjelesga ko'chib o'tdik.

Siz buning qanday katta o'zgarish ekanligini tushunasiz deb o'ylayman.

So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.

(Laughter)

( Kulgi) Aslida,

Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,

biz Snitterfild degan joyda yashadik,

just outside Stratford,

Stratfordning tahsqarisidagi, bu joyda

which is where Shakespeare's father was born.

Sekspirning otasi tug'ilgan. Bu yangi fikr sizni ajablantirdimi? Men ajablandim.

Are you struck by a new thought? I was.

You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?

Siz hech ham Shekspirning otasi bo'lganligi haqida o'ylab ko'rganmisiz?

Do you?

rostdana? chunki siz

Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?

Shekspirning bola bo'lganligini tasavvur qila olmaysiz, shundaymi?

Shakespeare being seven?

yetti yoshli Shekspir? Men bu haqida hech o'ylamagandim.

I never thought of it.

I mean, he was seven at some point.

Yani u qaysidir paytda 7 yoshda edi.

He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?

U kimningdir Ingliz tili darsida bo'lgan, shundaymasmi? Qanday jonga tegarlik bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak?!

(Laughter)

How annoying would that be?

( Kulgi) " Yaxshilab tayyorlan" Otasi uni uyquga elitib,

(Laughter)

"Must try harder."

(Laughter)

Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"

Shekspirni ya'ni, " Bor uxla endi"

To William Shakespeare.

va Villiam Shekspirga " qalamingni joyiga qo'y bo'ldi

"And put the pencil down!"

va bunday gapirishni to'xtat. Bu hammani chalg'itayapti" desa

(Laughter)

"And stop speaking like that."

(Laughter)

"It's confusing everybody."

(Laughter)

( Kulgi)

Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,

Xullas, biz Stratforddan Los Anjelesga ko'chdik,

aslida, yangi joyga ko'nikish haqida

and I just want to say a word about the transition.

Mening o'g'lim kelishni hohlamadi.

Actually, my son didn't want to come.

I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.

Mening ikkita bolam bor. U hozir 21 da, qizim 16 da.

He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.

U Los Anjelesga kelishni hohlamadi. Unga bu yer yoqdi,

He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.

lekin Angliyada unign yaxhshi ko'rgan qizi bor edi. Bu uning umrining sevgisi Sara edi.

This was the love of his life, Sarah.

U uni atigi bir oy davomida tanirdi.

He'd known her for a month.

Ular 4- yillikni nishonlashgandi.

(Laughter)

Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,

chunki bu 16 yoshdan beri ancha vaqt o'tgan edi-da!

because it's a long time when you're 16.

He was really upset on the plane.

Xullas, u samolyotda juda xafa edi,

He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."

va u shunday dedi " Men Sara kabi qizni boshqa yerdan topa olmayman"

And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --

to'grisni aytganda, biz bundan hursand edik.

chunki, bu davlatdan ketishimiznign asl sababi shu qiz edi.

(Laughter)

because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.

(Laughter)

( Kulgi)

Lekin Ameikaga ko'cib kelishda bir narsa bor

But something strikes you when you move to America

va dunyo bo'ylab sayohat qilganda ham:

and travel around the world:

Har bi ta'lim sohasi butun Yer sayyorasi bo'yicha bir hil fanlarning tizmasidan iborat.

every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.

Har bittasi. Qayerga borishdan qat'iy nazar.

Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.

Siz buni boshqaa bo'ladi deb o'ylarsiz, lekin unday emas.

You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.

hammasini boshida Matematika va tillar

At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.

undan keyin gumanitar fanlar, and past qismida esa san'at joy olgan.

At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.

Yernign hamma joyida.

And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.

Va har bir tizmaning o'zida

san'at tizmasining ichida

Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools

Rassmolik va musiqa odatda yuqori e'tibor beriladi , maktablarda

than drama and dance.

masalan aktyorlik va raqqosalikka qaraganda. Bu sayyordan shunday

There isn't an education system on the planet

that teaches dance every day to children

ta'lim sohasi yo'qki, har kuni bolalalrga raqs tushishni o'rgatadigan

the way we teach them mathematics.

masaln xuddi matematikani o'rgatganday. Nima uchun?

Why?

Why not?

Nega shundya emas? Men buni juda muhim deb o'ylayman.

I think this is rather important.

Men metamatika kerak deb o'ylayman, lekin raqsa ham kerak.

I think math is very important, but so is dance.

Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.

Bolalar ruhsta bersangiz har doim raqs tushadilar, bizlar ham.

We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?

Bizning hammamizda tana bor, to'g'rimi? Men nimandir tushumadimmi yoki?

(Laughter)

( Kulgi) To'grisida,

Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,

bolalar katta bo'ladi, biz ularga ta'lim bera boshlaymiz

we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.

belda tepaga qarab. keyin ularning boshiga e'tibornig qaratamiz.

And then we focus on their heads.

va keyib uning bir tomoniga qarab ketamiz.

And slightly to one side.

Agar siz ta'lim sohasini huddi o'zga sayyoralik kabi kuzatadigan bo'lsangiz

If you were to visit education as an alien

and say "What's it for, public education?"

" Umum ta'lim nega kerak?" degan bo'lardingiz.

I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,

Menimncha siz xulosa qilishingiz kerak- agar natijaga qarsangiz

who really succeeds by this,

kim bundan foyda ko'rayapti

who does everything they should,

Kim hamma narsani aytgandek bajaradi

who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --

kim yutuqga erishadi,

I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education

- menimncha, siz shunday xulosa qilshingiz kerak bo'lardi- umumta'limning maqsadi

throughout the world

butun dunyo bo'ylab

is to produce university professors.

oliygoh professorlarini yetishtirish. To'g'rimi?

Isn't it?

They're the people who come out the top.

Bu odamlar eng yuqoriga keladi

And I used to be one, so there.

(Laughter)

Men ham shulardan biri edim ( Kulgi)

Menga universistet professorali yo'qadi, lekin bilsangiz

And I like university professors,

but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up

biz ularning inson yutug'ining eng oliy navi dbe ko'rsatmasligimiz kerak.

as the high-water mark of all human achievement.

They're just a form of life.

Ular faqat hayotning bir turidir halos.

Another form of life.

boshqa turi, Ular juda qiziquvchan,

But they're rather curious.

men buni ularnin yaxhsi ko'rganimdan aytaman.

And I say this out of affection for them:

there's something curious about professors.

Mening tajribamga asoslanib aytamanki, professorlarda bir qiziq narsa bor

In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.

ularning hammasi emas, lekin odatda- ular boshlarining ichida yashaydilar.

They live up there and slightly to one side.

Ular u yerda, bir tomonida yashaydilar.

Huddi tanasi yo'qdek. ba bilsasizmi, rostdan ham shunday.

They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.

They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.

Ular tanalariga faqat

boshlarini ko'tarib yuruvchi tranposrt vositasi sifatida qaraydilar. to'g'rimi?

(Laughter)

Don't they?

It's a way of getting their head to meetings.

( Kulgi). Bu ularning boshlarini majlislarga olib borish uchun kerak.

(Laughter)

Agar siz haqiqiy tana- tasharisidagi tajribani bilishni hohlasangiz,

If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,

aytgancha, keksa akameiklarning

get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics

konferentsiyasiga boring.

and pop into the discotheque on the final night.

va so'ngi oqshom diskotekasiga boring,

(Laughter)

( Kulgi) Va u yerda siz ayol va erkaklarning ko'rasiz

And there, you will see it.

Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.

musiqaga chiyolmay

(Laughter)

tugashining kutadilar, va tezroq uyga boring bu haqida maqola yozsam deydilar

Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.

Bizning ta'lim sohamiz, akademic qobiliyatni bashorat qiladi.

(Laughter)

Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.

Va bunga sabab bor

And there's a reason.

Around the world, there were no public systems of education,

Butun jahon bo'ylab-

umum ta'lim yo'q edi, 19 asrdan oldin.

really, before the 19th century.

Bularning hammasi industrialimning keragini qondirish

They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.

uchun topilgan

Va Ierarhiya tizimi 2 ta fikr asosida qurilgan.

So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.

Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.

Birinchisi, ish uchun eng kerakli fanlar

eng yuqorida.Shu tufayli

So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school

maktabda, bola paytingizda, siz yoqtirgan fanlardan

when you were a kid,

chetlangansiz,

things you liked,

on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.

chunki u bilan ish topib bo'lmasdi, to'g'rimi?

Is that right?

Musiqa bilan shug'ullanma, baribir musiqachi bo'lmaysan,

"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;

rasm chizma, rassom bo'lmaysan.

don't do art, you won't be an artist."

Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.

Eng yomon maslahat, katta xato!. Butun dunyo

The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.

huddi inqilob yoqasida turganday.

And the second is academic ability,

Ikkinchisi, akademik qobiliyat, hamma narsadan ustun qo'yilgan

which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,

bizning aql o'lchovimzday go'yo.

Chunki universistetlar shunda go'ya asosida qurilgan.

because the universities design the system in their image.

Agar butun tizimga qarasangiz

If you think of it,

the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process

umum ta'lim sohasining maqsadi

universitetga kirishga tayyorlashdir.

of university entrance.

Buning natijasida, ko'pgina iste'dodlar

And the consequence is that many highly talented,

brilliant, creative people think they're not,

ajoyib , va ijodkor insonlar o'zlarining iste'dodini taniy olmaydi

because the thing they were good at at school

chunki ular maktabda yaxhsi bo'lgan narsalari

yetarlicha baho berilmagan, va chetga surilgan.

wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.

And I think we can't afford to go on that way.

Va menimcha, biz bundya qilmasligimiz kerak.

In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,

Kelasi 30 yil ichida, YUNESKOga binoan,

more people worldwide will be graduating through education

dunyo bo'ylab ko'p odamlar oqishni bitiradi

than since the beginning of history.

ya'ni butun tarixni hisobga olgandagidan ham ko'p

More people.

Ko'proq odamlar,

And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:

biz aytib o'tgan narsalarning hammasini qo'shganda

technology and its transformational effect on work,

- texnologiya, ish uchun oqish va aholi hisboti

and demography and the huge explosion in population.

va aholining katta miqdora o'sishi

Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.

Birdaniga, dimplomning qadri tushib ketadi, to'grimi?

Isn't that true?

Men yosh talaba paytimda, dimploming bo;lsa ishing bo'lardi

When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.

If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.

ishing bo'lmasam, demak den buni hohlamagansan

And I didn't want one, frankly.

va men rostdan hohlamagndim. ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

Lekin bugungi kunda, dimplomi borlar ko'pincha

But now kids with degrees are often heading home

to carry on playing video games,

uyiga qaytib borib video o'yinlar o'ynaydi

chunki ilgari ish uchun bakalavr kerak bo'lgan bo;lsa endi magistr diplomi kerak

because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,

va magistr o'rniga endi Doktorantura kerak

and now you need a PhD for the other.

It's a process of academic inflation.

bu akadmik inflyatsiyadir.

And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.

Va bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, butun ta'lim tizimi

oyoq ostimizda o'zgaraypti. Bi qayta o'ylab chiqishimiz kerak

We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.

aqli qanday o'lchashimiz, tassavur qilishimiz haqida

Aqllilik haqida 3 ta narsani bilamiz

We know three things about intelligence.

birinchisi, u hilma hil. Biz dunyoni

One, it's diverse.

We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.

tajribamizga asosan o'ylaymiz. Biz ko'z bilab o'ylaymiz

We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.

tovushda, harakatda taniymiz dunyoni

We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.

Biz mavhum narsalar haqida o'ylaymiz, biz harakatda o'ylaymiz

Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.

ikkinchisi, aql doim harakatda

If you look at the interactions of a human brain,

odam miyasining o'zaro munosabati haqida o'yalsangiz,

as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,

kechasi ma'ruzalardan eshitgnimzidik

intelligence is wonderfully interactive.

aql o'zaro munosabatda

The brain isn't divided into compartments.

Miya qismlarga bo'linmagan

In fact, creativity --

aslida, ijodkorlik- bu jaroyon deb o'ylayman

which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --

bu o'zgacha fikrlash jarayoni

more often than not comes about

qaysiki, narsalarni har qil yo'llar orqali

through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.

ko'rish munosabatidna kelib chiqadi.

Miya, aynan- aytgancha, miyaning

By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,

ikki tomonini qo'shuvchi nervlar bor

called the corpus callosum.

bu " Collosum" tanasi deb nomlangan. Ayolalrda qalinroq bo'ladi.

It's thicker in women.

Kechagi Helenni davom ettirsak, menimcha

Following off from Helen yesterday,

ayollar bir necha vazifani bir paytda bajara olishi shunga bog'liq

this is probably why women are better at multitasking.

Because you are, aren't you?

chuni siz shundaysiz, tog'rimi?

There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.

Juda ko'p ilmiy ishlar buni tasqidlaydi, lekin men o'z tajribamdan bilaman

If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...

Agar mening xotinim uyda ovqat qilsa

yaxshiyamki, bu tez tez sodir bo'lmaydi, Xudoga shukr( Kulgi)

thankfully.

(Laughter)

Lekin, bilasizmi, u ovqat qiladi, lekin boshqa narsalarni yaxshiroq bajaradi-

No, she's good at some things.

lekin, ovqat qilsa, bilasizmi

But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,

bir paytda teelfonda ham gaplashib ulguradi

she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --

bolalar bilan gaplashadi, shiftni oqlaydi

(Laughter)

ana u yerda ochiq yurak jarrohligini qiladi.

she's doing open-heart surgery over here.

If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,

Agar men ovqat qilsam, eshik yopiq, bolalar tahsarida bo'lishi

the phone's on the hook,

telefon qo'yilgan, va agar u kirib kelsa mening g'ashim chiqadi

if she comes in, I get annoyed.

I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."

men shunday deyman" Terri, iltimos, ko'rmayapsanmi, men tuxun qovurayapman. Meni o'z holimga qo'y " ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

"Give me a break."

(Laughter)

Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,

aslida, bilsangiz eski bir falsafiy narsa

"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"

agar daraxt o'rmonda qulasa va uni hech kim eshitmasa

bu sodir bo;lgan hisoblanadimi?

Remember that old chestnut?

I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,

Yaqinda men juda ajoyib futbolka ko'rdim " Agar erkak kishi o'z fikrini aytsa

"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,

O'rmonda, va hech bi ayol uni eshitmsa

is he still wrong?"

u baribir ham xato aytdimi?" ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

And the third thing about intelligence is,

Aqllilik haqida uchinchi narsa shundaki

it's distinct.

u juda noyob. Men hozir yangi kitob yozayapman

I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"

" Kulminatsiya" deb nomlangan. Undan bir qator

which is based on a series of interviews with people

odamlarning suhbat intervyusi ularning

about how they discovered their talent.

iste'todlarini qanday topganliklari haqida

I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.

Suhbatlarimning birida

It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman

ajoyib ayol, balki ko'pchilik u haqida eshitmagandir

who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.

ismi Gillian LYnne

eshitganmizi? Ba'zilar ehsitgan ko'rinadi. U horeograf- raqs o'qituvchisi

Have you heard of her? Some have.

She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.

uning ishini hamma biladi

U " Mushuklar" va " Opea arvohi" kabi sahnalariga raqs tayyorlagan.

She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."

U juda ajoyib. Men Angliyda Qirol balleti kommissiyasida edim

She's wonderful.

I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.

ko'rib turganingizday.

(Laughter)

hullas, Gillian va men bir kuni tushlik qilayotganimizda

Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"

men " Gillian, siz qandya qilib raqqosa bo'la qoldingiz? dedim, u

It was interesting.

bu juda qiziqarli sodir bo'lganini aytdi. Maktab davrida

When she was at school, she was really hopeless.

u juda umidsiz edi. Maktabda, 30 yillarda

And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,

makta mudirlari uning ota onaisga shunday xat yozadi:

"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."

" Biz o'ylaymizki, Gillianda qandaydir kassallik bor. U hech diqqati bir joyga to'play olmaydi"

She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.

bilaman ular shunday derdi

I think now they'd say she had ADHD.

u diqqat yetishmovchilik sindromiga duchor bo'lgan. Lekin 1930 yillarda

Wouldn't you?

But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.

bunday sindrom nomlanmagan edi

It wasn't an available condition.

bu o'sha paytda hali tayyor emas edi ( Kulgi)

(Laughter)

Odamlar shunday bo'lishini bilishmagandi

People weren't aware they could have that.

Xullas, bu ayol mutaxassisni ko'rish boradi.

(Laughter)

Anyway, she went to see this specialist.

Onasi bilan,

So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,

Katta doira stol atrfofida u bir chetda o'tiradi

va u 20 daqiqa davomida qo'llarida o'tiradi

and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,

bu kishi uning onasiga hamma narsa haqida gapiradi

and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,

Gilliannign maktadagi muammolari haqida

while this man talked to her mother

about all the problems Gillian was having at school,

va oxirida, chunki u boshqalarga halaqit bergani uchun

because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.

va uy vaziafasini kech tayyorlagani uchun va boshqalar

8 yoshli bola, oxirida, shifokor kelib o'tiradi va "Gillian

Little kid of eight.

In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,

men senign onag aytgan hamma

"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.

narsalarni eshitdim

va men u bilan yakka holda gaplashisim kerak"

I need to speak to her privately.

va u yana shundya deydi" Sen shu yerda kutib tur, biz tez qaytamiz"

Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"

and they went and left her.

va ular ketadi, qizcha qoladi

Xonadan chiqib ketayotgan paytda u radioni buraydi

But as they went out of the room,

he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.

stolida turgan, ya'ni.

xonada chiqqach doktor onasiga

And when they got out of the room,

" Siz shu yerda turib uni kuzating " deydi. Ular xonadan chiqqach bir daqiqadan keyin

he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."

And the minute they left the room,

qizcha musiqaga raqs tusha boshlaydi

she was on her feet, moving to the music.

ular uni bir necha daqiqa kuzatadilar

And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,

va doktor qizning onasiga qarab shundya deydi

"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.

" Missis Lynne, Gillian kasal emas, u raqqosa

She's a dancer.

Uni raqs maktabiga olib boring"

Take her to a dance school."

I said, "What happened?"

Men so'ardim" Nima bo'ldi keyin?"

She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.

U aytdi " Ha u meni olib bordi. Bu juda ajoyib edi

We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --

biz xonaga kirib keldik va xona to'la

people who couldn't sit still,

menga o'xhashagan odamlar edi. Bir joyda turolmaydigan odamlar.

people who had to move to think."

O'yslahs uchun harakatda bo'lishi kerak bo'lganlar"Biz o'yslash uchun harakat qilishimiz kerak edi.

Who had to move to think.

Ular ballet, oyoq raqsi va jazz bilan shug'ullanishdi

They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.

hamda, zamoaviy raqslar ham ijro etishdi

keyinchalik u Qirol Balet maktabiga taklif qilindi

She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.

u yakka raqqosga aylandi, va ajoyib ish bilan ta'minlandi

She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.

Qirol Baletida. keyin u oqishni bitirdi

She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,

Qirol Belt Makatbidan va

o'z kompaniyasini ochdi ' Gillian Lynning Raqs Kompaniyasi-

founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,

met Andrew Lloyd Webber.

va Andre Lloy Webernig uchratdi. Bu ayol

She's been responsible for

some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,

eng muvaffaqiyatli musiqy teartning ko'pchiligi uchun javobgar bo'lgan

she's given pleasure to millions,

o'tgan davrda, u millionlab

and she's a multimillionaire.

Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.

odamlar uchun rohat bag'ishlagan, va u ham o'zi millioner bo'lgan

(Applause)

Kimdir esa unga dorilar berib

jim bo'l, ko'p qimirlama deyishi mumkin edi.

Hozir, menimcha..( qarsaklar). mening yakunim shundan iborat

What I think it comes to is this:

Al Gore spoke the other night

Al Gore kecha ma'ruza berdi

about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.

ekologiya, atrfor muhit haqida, va Rachel Carson boshlagan inqilob haqida

Men ishonamanki, kelajk uchun faqat bir umid

I believe our only hope for the future

is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,

isnon ekologiaysining yangi qolipini ishlatish

qaysiki, bizning fikrlashimizni qayta shakllantiradi

one in which we start to reconstitute our conception

of the richness of human capacity.

va inson qobiliyatini boyitadi.

Our education system has mined our minds

Bizning ta'lim sohamiz fikrlashimizni

in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.

Yerni bir narsa uchun ishlatishga qaratadi

lekin kelajakda, bu bizga yordam bermaydi

And for the future, it won't serve us.

We have to rethink the fundamental principles

bi eng asosiy go'yalarimizni qayta o'ylab chiqishimiz kerak

on which we're educating our children.

bolalarimizga qandya ta'lim berayapmiz.

There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,

Jonas Salk astganiday " Agar hashorotlar

"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,

Yer yuzida yo'qolib ketsa, 50 yil ichida yerda hayot tugardi.

within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.

Agar odamlar yer yuzidan yoqolib ketsa,

50 yil ichida

If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,

Yerda hayoy gullab yahsnardi"

within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."

Va u to'gri aytadi.

And he's right.

TED inson tasavvurini nishonlaydi

What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.

va biz uni qanday ishaltishimizdan ehtiyot bo'lishimiz kerak.

We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,

bu sovga;ni oqilona ishaltish kerak, va shunda

and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.

biz aytib o'tgan narsalarni chetlab o'tish mumkin.

And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities

va buning birdan bi yo'li ijodkorlik qobiliaytimizni ko'ra olishdir

for the richness they are

ular qanday asl va boy bo'lsa, shunday ko'rish kerak

and seeing our children for the hope that they are.

ya'ni bolalarimizni, shunday deb umid qilishimiz kerak. Va bizning vazifamiz

And our task is to educate their whole being,

butun borlig'imizga ta'lim berish, va kelajakka yuzma yuz qaray olishdir.

so they can face this future.

By the way -- we may not see this future,

ha aytgancha, biz bu kelajakni ko'rmasligimiz mumkin,

but they will.

lekin ular ko'ra oladi. Bizning ishimiz ularga yordam berish

And our job is to help them make something of it.

kelajakni foydali qilib qurishda. Katta Rahmat

Thank you very much.

(Applause)