Do schools kill creativity? | Sir Ken Robinson | TED

23,158,026 views ・ 2007-01-07

TED


Videoni ijro etish uchun quyidagi inglizcha subtitrlarga ikki marta bosing.

Translator: Nafissa Yakubova Reviewer: Adham Kurbanov
Xatrli tong. Qandaysizlar? Bu juda ham ajoyib, shunday emasmi?
00:27
Good morning. How are you?
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00:29
(Audience) Good.
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00:31
It's been great, hasn't it?
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Buning hammasi meni hayratga soldi.
00:33
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
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00:35
In fact, I'm leaving.
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Aslida, men hozir ketayapman ( Kulgi)
00:37
(Laughter)
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Bu Konferenciyada uchta mavzu bo'ldi, sunday emasmi?
00:43
There have been three themes running through the conference,
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men gapiradigan
00:46
which are relevant to what I want to talk about.
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00:48
One is the extraordinary evidence of human creativity
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mavzuga oid demoqchimanda.
Ularning biri inson ijodkorligining g'aroyibligi
00:53
in all of the presentations that we've had
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buni berilgan taqdimot va ma'ruzalrning hammasida
00:55
and in all of the people here;
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00:57
just the variety of it and the range of it.
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va bu yerda yig'ilgan odamlarda ko'rish mumkin. Shunchaki
buning xilma hilligini qarang. Ikkinchisi esa
01:01
The second is that it's put us in a place
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01:03
where we have no idea what's going to happen
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Bizni shunday joyga joylashtirishki, biz nima bo'lishini bilmaymiz
01:05
in terms of the future.
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albatta, kelasi zamonda. Umuman
01:07
No idea how this may play out.
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bu qanday sodir bo'lishini bilmaymiz.
01:10
I have an interest in education.
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Men ta'lim sohasiga qiziqaman-
01:11
Actually, what I find is, everybody has an interest in education.
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aslida, men shunga amin bo'ldimki, hamma ham ta'lim sohasiga qiziqadi.
01:16
Don't you?
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Siz qiziqmaysizmi? Men buni juda qiziqrli deb o'ylayman.
01:17
I find this very interesting.
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Agar siz kechki oqshomda bo'lsangiz, va agar siz
01:19
If you're at a dinner party, and you say you work in education --
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ta'lim sohasida ishlashingizni aytsangiz-
01:23
actually, you're not often at dinner parties, frankly.
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aslida, siz bunday kechki oqshomlarga, o'tirishlarga ko'p bormaysiz, tog'risini aytganda, agar siz ta'lim sohasida ishlasangiz
01:25
(Laughter)
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01:29
If you work in education, you're not asked.
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( Kulgi) Sizni taklif qilishmaydi.
01:32
(Laughter)
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Va sizni hech qachon yana chaqirishmaydi. Bu mn uchun juda g'alatidir.
01:35
And you're never asked back, curiously. That's strange to me.
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01:39
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
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Lekin, aytaylik siz bordingiz va siz kimgadir aytdingiz
01:41
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
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bilasizmi, ular " Siz nima qilasiz?" deb so'raydi
01:43
and you say you work in education,
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va siz ta'lim sohasida ishlashingizni aytasiz,
01:45
you can see the blood run from their face.
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va qarabsizki, ularni yuzlaidan qon qochib ketadi.
01:47
They're like, "Oh my God. Why me?"
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01:48
(Laughter)
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Ular huddi " O, xudoyim!" " Nima uchun men? Haftada o'zi bir tun aylanishga chiqsam( uchratgan odamimni qara!) ( Kulgi)
01:51
"My one night out all week."
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01:52
(Laughter)
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01:55
But if you ask about their education, they pin you to the wall,
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Lekin, agar siz ularni ta'limi haqida so'rasangiz,
sizni qamrab oladilar. Chunki bu shunday narsalarning biriki,
01:58
because it's one of those things that goes deep with people, am I right?
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u odamlarga juda chuqur tegadi, to'g'rimi?
02:02
Like religion and money and other things.
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Xuddi din kabi, pul va boshqa narsalar kabi.
02:05
So I have a big interest in education, and I think we all do.
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Men ta'lim sohasiga juda ham qiziqaman, va biz hammamiz ham qiziqamiz deb o'ylayman.
Biz bunga qiziqmaiz,
02:10
We have a huge vested interest in it,
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02:11
partly because it's education that's meant to take us into this future
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va sababning bir qismi shundaki
u biz tushunolmagan kelajakka yetaklaydi.
02:15
that we can't grasp.
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02:16
If you think of it,
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O'ylab ko'ring, bu yil maktabga borayotgan bolalar
02:18
children starting school this year will be retiring in 2065.
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2065 yili nafaqaga chiqishadi. Hech kim bilmaydi
02:25
Nobody has a clue,
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02:26
despite all the expertise that's been on parade for the past four days,
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shuncha mutaxasislarning 4 kun davomida
dunyo qanday bo'lishinini aytishlariga qaramay
02:30
what the world will look like in five years' time.
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keyin 5 yil ichida deymanda. Va halonki biz
02:33
And yet, we're meant to be educating them for it.
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unign uchun ta'lim olishimiz kerak. Shunday bashorat qilib bo'lmayslk, menimcha
02:35
So the unpredictability, I think, is extraordinary.
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juda g'aroyibdir.
02:37
And the third part of this is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
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Va uchinchi qismi shundaki
biz hammamiz shunga kelishamiz-
02:41
on the really extraordinary capacities that children have --
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bolalarning g'aroyib qobiliyati
02:46
their capacities for innovation.
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ularning yanglianishga intilishi. Yani, o'tgan kecha Sirena juda ajoyib edi,
02:49
I mean, Sirena last night was a marvel, wasn't she?
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shunday emasmi? Shunchaki uning nimalar qila olishini ko'rish!
02:51
Just seeing what she could do.
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02:53
And she's exceptional, but I think she's not, so to speak,
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Va u juda o'zgacha, lekin u unday deb o'ylamaydi. Bu degani
o'zgachalik bu bolalikning asl o'zidir.
02:59
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
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Bu inson, g'aroyib berilish natijasi
03:02
What you have there is a person of extraordinary dedication
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03:04
who found a talent.
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va u o'z iste'dodini topa olgan. Mening fikrimcha,
03:06
And my contention is, all kids have tremendous talents,
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hamma bolalarda juda katta iste'dod bor.
03:08
and we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
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va biz buni sovuqqonlik bilan nazarga ilmaymiz, yo'qotamiz.
Va shunday qilib men ta'lim sohasi va
03:11
So I want to talk about education,
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03:13
and I want to talk about creativity.
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ijodkorlik haqida gapiraman.Men juda diqqatga olmoqchimanki,
03:14
My contention is that creativity now is as important in education as literacy,
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Ta'lim sohasida, ijodkorlik hozirda huddi savodxonlik kabi muhim hisoblanadi
va biz ularnign ikkalasini birdek diqqatga olishimiz kerak
03:21
and we should treat it with the same status.
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03:23
(Applause)
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( Qarsaklar) Rahmat. Bu hammasi edi aytgancha.
03:24
Thank you.
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03:26
(Applause)
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03:30
That was it, by the way. Thank you very much.
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Katta rahmat ( Kulgi). Xo'sh, yana 15 daqiqa qoldi.
03:32
(Laughter)
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03:34
So, 15 minutes left.
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Xo'sh... men tu'gilgan ... yo'q. ( Kulgi)
03:36
(Laughter)
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03:39
"Well, I was born ... "
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03:41
(Laughter)
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Men yaqinda juda ajoyib bir voqea eshittim- va men uni hikoya qilishni juday yaxshi ko'raman-
03:45
I heard a great story recently -- I love telling it --
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bu bir kichkina qizaloqning rasm darsi haqida. u 6 yoshda
03:47
of a little girl who was in a drawing lesson.
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03:50
She was six, and she was at the back, drawing,
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va u orqada o'tirib rasm chizayotgan edi
03:52
and the teacher said this girl hardly ever paid attention,
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va o'qituvchining gapiga qaraganda, bu qizaloq zo'rg'a
diqqat qilar edi, va xuddi shu rasm darsida u e'tibor berdi.
03:55
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
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03:56
The teacher was fascinated.
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03:58
She went over to her, and she said, "What are you drawing?"
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O'qituvchi juda ajablanib uning oldiga boradi
va " Sen nima chizayapsan?' deb so'taydi
04:01
And the girl said, "I'm drawing a picture of God."
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va qiz " Xudning rasmini" deb javob beradi
04:04
And the teacher said, "But nobody knows what God looks like."
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o'qituvchi esa: " Lekin, hech kim Xudoning qanday ekanligini ko'rmagan"
04:07
And the girl said, "They will in a minute."
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va qizaloq: " Bilishadi, bir daqiqa ichida" deb javob beradi.
04:10
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi)
Mening og'lim 4 yosh paytida, Angliyada-
04:21
When my son was four in England --
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aslida u hamma joyda 4 yoshda edi, to'g'risini aytganda ( kulgi)
04:24
actually, he was four everywhere, to be honest.
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agar buni qattiq ushlasak, qayerga bormasin, o'sha yili u 4 yoshda edi
04:26
(Laughter)
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04:28
If we're being strict about it, wherever he went, he was four that year.
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04:31
He was in the Nativity play. Do you remember the story?
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U " Nativity" P'essasida edi
Bu hikoyani eslaysizmi? Bu juda muhim hikoya
04:34
(Laughter)
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04:35
No, it was big, it was a big story.
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hatta Mel Gibson ham buning keyin o'z ijodiga oldi
04:37
Mel Gibson did the sequel, you may have seen it.
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04:39
(Laughter)
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siz ko'rgandirsiz " Nativity II". Lekin James, Josefning rolini o'ynadi
04:41
"Nativity II."
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04:42
But James got the part of Joseph, which we were thrilled about.
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biz juda ham hayratda edik.
04:46
We considered this to be one of the lead parts.
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Biz buni eng bosh rollardan biri deb o'yladik.
04:49
We had the place crammed full of agents in T-shirts:
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U joyda biz agentlarimiga futbolkalar kiydirganmiz
" James Robinson Josef rolida!" deb ( Kulgi)
04:52
"James Robinson IS Joseph!"
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04:53
(Laughter)
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04:54
He didn't have to speak, but you know the bit where the three kings come in?
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Uning aytadigan so'zi ham yo'q edi. Lekin bilsangiz
3 ta podsho kirib kelgan paytida. Ular sovg'alarni taklif qiladilar
04:58
They come in bearing gifts, gold, frankincense and myrrh.
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va ular oltin, kauchuk va mushk
05:00
This really happened.
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Bu rostdan ham sodir bo'lgan. Biz shu yerda o'tirgan edik
05:02
We were sitting there, and I think they just went out of sequence,
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va ular yozilgan tsenariydan tashqariga chiqib ketdilar,
05:05
because we talked to the little boy afterward and said,
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chunki biz keyin bola bilan gaplashdik va biz
05:07
"You OK with that?" They said, "Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
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" Senga shu maqulmi? " va u " Ha, nima bo'libdi?" dedi.
Ular rollarini almashtirib olishgan edi.
05:10
They just switched.
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05:11
The three boys came in, four-year-olds with tea towels on their heads.
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Xullas, 3 ta bola kelib
4 yoshli bolalar, boshlarida choy sochiq bilan-
va ular korobkalarini yerga qo'yishdi,
05:15
They put these boxes down, and the first boy said, "I bring you gold."
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va birinchi bola : " Men oltin olib keldim" dedi
05:18
And the second boy said, "I bring you myrrh."
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" Ikkinchisi " Men senga mushki anbar olib keldim"
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
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05:22
(Laughter)
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va uchinchi bola " Frank denga buni yubordi" dedi ( Kulgi) ( Kauchuk ingliz tilida Frankincense- Frank jo'natdi bo'lib eshitiladi)
05:35
What these things have in common is that kids will take a chance.
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Bu bolalarning o'xshahs tomoni ular tavakkal qila oladilar.
05:38
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
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Agar nima qilishni bilmasa, tavakkal qilib urinib ko'radilar.
To'g'rimi? Ular xato qilishdan qo'rmaydilar.
05:42
Am I right? They're not frightened of being wrong.
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Lekin men xato qilish ijodkorlik bilan bir hil deb aytmayapman.
05:45
I don't mean to say that being wrong is the same thing as being creative.
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05:49
What we do know is, if you're not prepared to be wrong,
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Biz shuni bilamizki,
agar xato qilishga tayyor bo'lmasang,
05:53
you'll never come up with anything original --
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sen hech qachon betakror narsalarni qilolmaysan
05:55
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
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Agar siz xato qilishga tayyor bo'lmasangiz, va katta odam bo'ladigan vaqtga kelib
05:57
And by the time they get to be adults, most kids have lost that capacity.
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ko'p bolalar qobiliyatini yo'qotadilar.
Ular xato qilishdan qo'rqadilar.
06:02
They have become frightened of being wrong.
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06:04
And we run our companies like this.
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Va biz kompaniyalarimizni xuddi shu ravishda boshqaramiz, aytgancha.
06:06
We stigmatize mistakes.
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Biz xatolarni ayblaymiz. Va hozir biz
06:08
And we're now running national education systems
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Milliy ta'lim sohasini shunday olib borayapmizki,
06:10
where mistakes are the worst thing you can make.
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xatolar eng yomon narsaday go'yo.
06:13
And the result is that we are educating people
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Va buning natijasida, biz odamlarning ularning ijodkorlik qobiliyatidan chetga surayapmiz
06:16
out of their creative capacities.
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Pikasso bir paytlar aytgandi
06:19
Picasso once said this, he said that all children are born artists.
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Bolalar tug'ma ijodkorlar.
06:23
The problem is to remain an artist as we grow up.
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Muammo shundaki, katta bo'lgan sari shu ijodkorlikni saqlab qolish. Men bunga chindan ishonaman
06:26
I believe this passionately, that we don't grow into creativity,
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biz ijodkorlikka kirib kelmaymiz
06:30
we grow out of it.
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balki undan chiqib ketamiz. Yoki biz uni ta'lim bilan almashtiramiz.
06:31
Or rather, we get educated out of it.
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Nima uchun?
06:34
So why is this?
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5 yil avval men Stratford- Avonda yashadim.
06:37
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon until about five years ago.
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06:39
In fact, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles.
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aslida biz Strafortdan Los Anjelesga ko'chib o'tdik.
Siz buning qanday katta o'zgarish ekanligini tushunasiz deb o'ylayman.
06:42
So you can imagine what a seamless transition this was.
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06:45
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi) Aslida,
06:47
Actually, we lived in a place called Snitterfield,
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biz Snitterfild degan joyda yashadik,
06:49
just outside Stratford,
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Stratfordning tahsqarisidagi, bu joyda
06:50
which is where Shakespeare's father was born.
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Sekspirning otasi tug'ilgan. Bu yangi fikr sizni ajablantirdimi? Men ajablandim.
06:53
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
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06:55
You don't think of Shakespeare having a father, do you?
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Siz hech ham Shekspirning otasi bo'lganligi haqida o'ylab ko'rganmisiz?
06:58
Do you?
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rostdana? chunki siz
06:59
Because you don't think of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
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Shekspirning bola bo'lganligini tasavvur qila olmaysiz, shundaymi?
07:02
Shakespeare being seven?
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yetti yoshli Shekspir? Men bu haqida hech o'ylamagandim.
07:03
I never thought of it.
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07:04
I mean, he was seven at some point.
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Yani u qaysidir paytda 7 yoshda edi.
07:06
He was in somebody's English class, wasn't he?
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U kimningdir Ingliz tili darsida bo'lgan, shundaymasmi? Qanday jonga tegarlik bo'lgan bo'lsa kerak?!
07:08
(Laughter)
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07:15
How annoying would that be?
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( Kulgi) " Yaxshilab tayyorlan" Otasi uni uyquga elitib,
07:17
(Laughter)
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07:24
"Must try harder."
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07:26
(Laughter)
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07:30
Being sent to bed by his dad, to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!"
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Shekspirni ya'ni, " Bor uxla endi"
07:33
To William Shakespeare.
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va Villiam Shekspirga " qalamingni joyiga qo'y bo'ldi
07:34
"And put the pencil down!"
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va bunday gapirishni to'xtat. Bu hammani chalg'itayapti" desa
07:36
(Laughter)
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07:37
"And stop speaking like that."
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07:38
(Laughter)
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07:42
"It's confusing everybody."
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07:43
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi)
07:48
Anyway, we moved from Stratford to Los Angeles,
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Xullas, biz Stratforddan Los Anjelesga ko'chdik,
aslida, yangi joyga ko'nikish haqida
07:54
and I just want to say a word about the transition.
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Mening o'g'lim kelishni hohlamadi.
07:56
Actually, my son didn't want to come.
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07:58
I've got two kids; he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
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Mening ikkita bolam bor. U hozir 21 da, qizim 16 da.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
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U Los Anjelesga kelishni hohlamadi. Unga bu yer yoqdi,
08:03
He loved it, but he had a girlfriend in England.
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lekin Angliyada unign yaxhshi ko'rgan qizi bor edi. Bu uning umrining sevgisi Sara edi.
08:06
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
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U uni atigi bir oy davomida tanirdi.
08:09
He'd known her for a month.
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Ular 4- yillikni nishonlashgandi.
08:11
(Laughter)
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08:12
Mind you, they'd had their fourth anniversary,
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chunki bu 16 yoshdan beri ancha vaqt o'tgan edi-da!
08:15
because it's a long time when you're 16.
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08:17
He was really upset on the plane.
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Xullas, u samolyotda juda xafa edi,
08:19
He said, "I'll never find another girl like Sarah."
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va u shunday dedi " Men Sara kabi qizni boshqa yerdan topa olmayman"
08:21
And we were rather pleased about that, frankly --
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to'grisni aytganda, biz bundan hursand edik.
chunki, bu davlatdan ketishimiznign asl sababi shu qiz edi.
08:24
(Laughter)
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08:32
because she was the main reason we were leaving the country.
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08:35
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi)
Lekin Ameikaga ko'cib kelishda bir narsa bor
08:41
But something strikes you when you move to America
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va dunyo bo'ylab sayohat qilganda ham:
08:43
and travel around the world:
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Har bi ta'lim sohasi butun Yer sayyorasi bo'yicha bir hil fanlarning tizmasidan iborat.
08:44
every education system on earth has the same hierarchy of subjects.
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Har bittasi. Qayerga borishdan qat'iy nazar.
08:48
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
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Siz buni boshqaa bo'ladi deb o'ylarsiz, lekin unday emas.
08:50
You'd think it would be otherwise, but it isn't.
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hammasini boshida Matematika va tillar
08:52
At the top are mathematics and languages, then the humanities.
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undan keyin gumanitar fanlar, and past qismida esa san'at joy olgan.
08:55
At the bottom are the arts. Everywhere on earth.
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Yernign hamma joyida.
08:58
And in pretty much every system, too, there's a hierarchy within the arts.
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Va har bir tizmaning o'zida
san'at tizmasining ichida
09:02
Art and music are normally given a higher status in schools
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Rassmolik va musiqa odatda yuqori e'tibor beriladi , maktablarda
09:05
than drama and dance.
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masalan aktyorlik va raqqosalikka qaraganda. Bu sayyordan shunday
09:06
There isn't an education system on the planet
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09:08
that teaches dance every day to children
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ta'lim sohasi yo'qki, har kuni bolalalrga raqs tushishni o'rgatadigan
09:10
the way we teach them mathematics.
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masaln xuddi matematikani o'rgatganday. Nima uchun?
09:12
Why?
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09:13
Why not?
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Nega shundya emas? Men buni juda muhim deb o'ylayman.
09:14
I think this is rather important.
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Men metamatika kerak deb o'ylayman, lekin raqsa ham kerak.
09:16
I think math is very important, but so is dance.
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09:18
Children dance all the time if they're allowed to, we all do.
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Bolalar ruhsta bersangiz har doim raqs tushadilar, bizlar ham.
09:21
We all have bodies, don't we? Did I miss a meeting?
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Bizning hammamizda tana bor, to'g'rimi? Men nimandir tushumadimmi yoki?
09:24
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi) To'grisida,
09:27
Truthfully, what happens is, as children grow up,
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bolalar katta bo'ladi, biz ularga ta'lim bera boshlaymiz
09:29
we start to educate them progressively from the waist up.
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belda tepaga qarab. keyin ularning boshiga e'tibornig qaratamiz.
09:32
And then we focus on their heads.
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va keyib uning bir tomoniga qarab ketamiz.
09:34
And slightly to one side.
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Agar siz ta'lim sohasini huddi o'zga sayyoralik kabi kuzatadigan bo'lsangiz
09:37
If you were to visit education as an alien
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09:39
and say "What's it for, public education?"
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" Umum ta'lim nega kerak?" degan bo'lardingiz.
09:42
I think you'd have to conclude, if you look at the output,
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Menimncha siz xulosa qilishingiz kerak- agar natijaga qarsangiz
09:44
who really succeeds by this,
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kim bundan foyda ko'rayapti
09:46
who does everything they should,
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Kim hamma narsani aytgandek bajaradi
09:48
who gets all the brownie points, who are the winners --
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kim yutuqga erishadi,
09:50
I think you'd have to conclude the whole purpose of public education
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- menimncha, siz shunday xulosa qilshingiz kerak bo'lardi- umumta'limning maqsadi
09:54
throughout the world
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butun dunyo bo'ylab
09:55
is to produce university professors.
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oliygoh professorlarini yetishtirish. To'g'rimi?
09:57
Isn't it?
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09:58
They're the people who come out the top.
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Bu odamlar eng yuqoriga keladi
10:00
And I used to be one, so there.
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10:02
(Laughter)
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Men ham shulardan biri edim ( Kulgi)
Menga universistet professorali yo'qadi, lekin bilsangiz
10:06
And I like university professors,
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10:08
but, you know, we shouldn't hold them up
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biz ularning inson yutug'ining eng oliy navi dbe ko'rsatmasligimiz kerak.
10:10
as the high-water mark of all human achievement.
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10:13
They're just a form of life.
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Ular faqat hayotning bir turidir halos.
10:15
Another form of life.
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boshqa turi, Ular juda qiziquvchan,
10:16
But they're rather curious.
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men buni ularnin yaxhsi ko'rganimdan aytaman.
10:18
And I say this out of affection for them:
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10:19
there's something curious about professors.
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Mening tajribamga asoslanib aytamanki, professorlarda bir qiziq narsa bor
10:22
In my experience -- not all of them, but typically -- they live in their heads.
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ularning hammasi emas, lekin odatda- ular boshlarining ichida yashaydilar.
10:25
They live up there and slightly to one side.
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Ular u yerda, bir tomonida yashaydilar.
Huddi tanasi yo'qdek. ba bilsasizmi, rostdan ham shunday.
10:28
They're disembodied, you know, in a kind of literal way.
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10:31
They look upon their body as a form of transport for their heads.
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Ular tanalariga faqat
boshlarini ko'tarib yuruvchi tranposrt vositasi sifatida qaraydilar. to'g'rimi?
10:35
(Laughter)
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10:41
Don't they?
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10:42
It's a way of getting their head to meetings.
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( Kulgi). Bu ularning boshlarini majlislarga olib borish uchun kerak.
10:44
(Laughter)
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Agar siz haqiqiy tana- tasharisidagi tajribani bilishni hohlasangiz,
10:50
If you want real evidence of out-of-body experiences, by the way,
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aytgancha, keksa akameiklarning
10:53
get yourself along to a residential conference of senior academics
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konferentsiyasiga boring.
10:57
and pop into the discotheque on the final night.
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va so'ngi oqshom diskotekasiga boring,
10:59
(Laughter)
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( Kulgi) Va u yerda siz ayol va erkaklarning ko'rasiz
11:02
And there, you will see it.
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11:03
Grown men and women writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
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musiqaga chiyolmay
11:08
(Laughter)
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tugashining kutadilar, va tezroq uyga boring bu haqida maqola yozsam deydilar
11:10
Waiting until it ends, so they can go home and write a paper about it.
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Bizning ta'lim sohamiz, akademic qobiliyatni bashorat qiladi.
11:14
(Laughter)
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11:16
Our education system is predicated on the idea of academic ability.
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Va bunga sabab bor
11:20
And there's a reason.
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11:21
Around the world, there were no public systems of education,
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Butun jahon bo'ylab-
umum ta'lim yo'q edi, 19 asrdan oldin.
11:24
really, before the 19th century.
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Bularning hammasi industrialimning keragini qondirish
11:27
They all came into being to meet the needs of industrialism.
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uchun topilgan
Va Ierarhiya tizimi 2 ta fikr asosida qurilgan.
11:30
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
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11:32
Number one, that the most useful subjects for work are at the top.
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Birinchisi, ish uchun eng kerakli fanlar
eng yuqorida.Shu tufayli
11:37
So you were probably steered benignly away from things at school
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maktabda, bola paytingizda, siz yoqtirgan fanlardan
11:40
when you were a kid,
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chetlangansiz,
11:41
things you liked,
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11:42
on the grounds you would never get a job doing that.
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chunki u bilan ish topib bo'lmasdi, to'g'rimi?
11:44
Is that right?
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Musiqa bilan shug'ullanma, baribir musiqachi bo'lmaysan,
11:46
"Don't do music, you're not going to be a musician;
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rasm chizma, rassom bo'lmaysan.
11:48
don't do art, you won't be an artist."
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11:50
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
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Eng yomon maslahat, katta xato!. Butun dunyo
11:53
The whole world is engulfed in a revolution.
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huddi inqilob yoqasida turganday.
11:55
And the second is academic ability,
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Ikkinchisi, akademik qobiliyat, hamma narsadan ustun qo'yilgan
11:57
which has really come to dominate our view of intelligence,
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bizning aql o'lchovimzday go'yo.
Chunki universistetlar shunda go'ya asosida qurilgan.
12:00
because the universities design the system in their image.
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Agar butun tizimga qarasangiz
12:03
If you think of it,
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12:04
the whole system of public education around the world is a protracted process
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umum ta'lim sohasining maqsadi
universitetga kirishga tayyorlashdir.
12:07
of university entrance.
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Buning natijasida, ko'pgina iste'dodlar
12:09
And the consequence is that many highly talented,
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12:11
brilliant, creative people think they're not,
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ajoyib , va ijodkor insonlar o'zlarining iste'dodini taniy olmaydi
12:13
because the thing they were good at at school
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chunki ular maktabda yaxhsi bo'lgan narsalari
yetarlicha baho berilmagan, va chetga surilgan.
12:16
wasn't valued, or was actually stigmatized.
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12:18
And I think we can't afford to go on that way.
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Va menimcha, biz bundya qilmasligimiz kerak.
12:20
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
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Kelasi 30 yil ichida, YUNESKOga binoan,
12:23
more people worldwide will be graduating through education
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dunyo bo'ylab ko'p odamlar oqishni bitiradi
12:26
than since the beginning of history.
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ya'ni butun tarixni hisobga olgandagidan ham ko'p
12:28
More people.
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Ko'proq odamlar,
12:29
And it's the combination of all the things we've talked about:
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biz aytib o'tgan narsalarning hammasini qo'shganda
12:32
technology and its transformational effect on work,
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- texnologiya, ish uchun oqish va aholi hisboti
12:35
and demography and the huge explosion in population.
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va aholining katta miqdora o'sishi
12:37
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
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Birdaniga, dimplomning qadri tushib ketadi, to'grimi?
12:40
Isn't that true?
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Men yosh talaba paytimda, dimploming bo;lsa ishing bo'lardi
12:41
When I was a student, if you had a degree, you had a job.
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12:44
If you didn't have a job, it's because you didn't want one.
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ishing bo'lmasam, demak den buni hohlamagansan
12:47
And I didn't want one, frankly.
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va men rostdan hohlamagndim. ( Kulgi)
12:50
(Laughter)
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Lekin bugungi kunda, dimplomi borlar ko'pincha
12:51
But now kids with degrees are often heading home
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12:55
to carry on playing video games,
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uyiga qaytib borib video o'yinlar o'ynaydi
chunki ilgari ish uchun bakalavr kerak bo'lgan bo;lsa endi magistr diplomi kerak
12:57
because you need an MA where the previous job required a BA,
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va magistr o'rniga endi Doktorantura kerak
13:00
and now you need a PhD for the other.
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13:02
It's a process of academic inflation.
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bu akadmik inflyatsiyadir.
13:04
And it indicates the whole structure of education is shifting beneath our feet.
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Va bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, butun ta'lim tizimi
oyoq ostimizda o'zgaraypti. Bi qayta o'ylab chiqishimiz kerak
13:07
We need to radically rethink our view of intelligence.
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aqli qanday o'lchashimiz, tassavur qilishimiz haqida
Aqllilik haqida 3 ta narsani bilamiz
13:10
We know three things about intelligence.
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birinchisi, u hilma hil. Biz dunyoni
13:12
One, it's diverse.
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13:13
We think about the world in all the ways that we experience it.
287
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tajribamizga asosan o'ylaymiz. Biz ko'z bilab o'ylaymiz
13:16
We think visually, we think in sound, we think kinesthetically.
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tovushda, harakatda taniymiz dunyoni
13:19
We think in abstract terms, we think in movement.
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Biz mavhum narsalar haqida o'ylaymiz, biz harakatda o'ylaymiz
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
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ikkinchisi, aql doim harakatda
13:24
If you look at the interactions of a human brain,
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odam miyasining o'zaro munosabati haqida o'yalsangiz,
13:27
as we heard yesterday from a number of presentations,
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kechasi ma'ruzalardan eshitgnimzidik
13:30
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
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aql o'zaro munosabatda
13:32
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
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Miya qismlarga bo'linmagan
13:34
In fact, creativity --
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aslida, ijodkorlik- bu jaroyon deb o'ylayman
13:36
which I define as the process of having original ideas that have value --
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bu o'zgacha fikrlash jarayoni
13:40
more often than not comes about
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qaysiki, narsalarni har qil yo'llar orqali
13:42
through the interaction of different disciplinary ways of seeing things.
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ko'rish munosabatidna kelib chiqadi.
Miya, aynan- aytgancha, miyaning
13:47
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves that joins the two halves of the brain,
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ikki tomonini qo'shuvchi nervlar bor
13:51
called the corpus callosum.
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bu " Collosum" tanasi deb nomlangan. Ayolalrda qalinroq bo'ladi.
13:52
It's thicker in women.
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Kechagi Helenni davom ettirsak, menimcha
13:54
Following off from Helen yesterday,
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ayollar bir necha vazifani bir paytda bajara olishi shunga bog'liq
13:56
this is probably why women are better at multitasking.
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13:59
Because you are, aren't you?
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chuni siz shundaysiz, tog'rimi?
14:01
There's a raft of research, but I know it from my personal life.
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Juda ko'p ilmiy ishlar buni tasqidlaydi, lekin men o'z tajribamdan bilaman
14:04
If my wife is cooking a meal at home, which is not often ...
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Agar mening xotinim uyda ovqat qilsa
yaxshiyamki, bu tez tez sodir bo'lmaydi, Xudoga shukr( Kulgi)
14:09
thankfully.
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14:10
(Laughter)
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Lekin, bilasizmi, u ovqat qiladi, lekin boshqa narsalarni yaxshiroq bajaradi-
14:13
No, she's good at some things.
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lekin, ovqat qilsa, bilasizmi
14:14
But if she's cooking, she's dealing with people on the phone,
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bir paytda teelfonda ham gaplashib ulguradi
14:17
she's talking to the kids, she's painting the ceiling --
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bolalar bilan gaplashadi, shiftni oqlaydi
14:20
(Laughter)
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ana u yerda ochiq yurak jarrohligini qiladi.
14:21
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
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14:23
If I'm cooking, the door is shut, the kids are out,
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Agar men ovqat qilsam, eshik yopiq, bolalar tahsarida bo'lishi
14:26
the phone's on the hook,
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telefon qo'yilgan, va agar u kirib kelsa mening g'ashim chiqadi
14:27
if she comes in, I get annoyed.
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14:29
I say, "Terry, please, I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
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men shunday deyman" Terri, iltimos, ko'rmayapsanmi, men tuxun qovurayapman. Meni o'z holimga qo'y " ( Kulgi)
14:32
(Laughter)
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14:39
"Give me a break."
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14:40
(Laughter)
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14:42
Actually, do you know that old philosophical thing,
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aslida, bilsangiz eski bir falsafiy narsa
14:44
"If a tree falls in a forest, and nobody hears it, did it happen?"
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agar daraxt o'rmonda qulasa va uni hech kim eshitmasa
bu sodir bo;lgan hisoblanadimi?
14:48
Remember that old chestnut?
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14:49
I saw a great T-shirt recently, which said,
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Yaqinda men juda ajoyib futbolka ko'rdim " Agar erkak kishi o'z fikrini aytsa
14:52
"If a man speaks his mind in a forest, and no woman hears him,
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O'rmonda, va hech bi ayol uni eshitmsa
14:56
is he still wrong?"
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u baribir ham xato aytdimi?" ( Kulgi)
14:57
(Laughter)
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15:05
And the third thing about intelligence is,
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Aqllilik haqida uchinchi narsa shundaki
15:07
it's distinct.
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u juda noyob. Men hozir yangi kitob yozayapman
15:09
I'm doing a new book at the moment called "Epiphany,"
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" Kulminatsiya" deb nomlangan. Undan bir qator
15:11
which is based on a series of interviews with people
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odamlarning suhbat intervyusi ularning
15:14
about how they discovered their talent.
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iste'todlarini qanday topganliklari haqida
15:15
I'm fascinated by how people got to be there.
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Suhbatlarimning birida
15:18
It's really prompted by a conversation I had with a wonderful woman
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ajoyib ayol, balki ko'pchilik u haqida eshitmagandir
15:21
who maybe most people have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
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ismi Gillian LYnne
eshitganmizi? Ba'zilar ehsitgan ko'rinadi. U horeograf- raqs o'qituvchisi
15:24
Have you heard of her? Some have.
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15:25
She's a choreographer, and everybody knows her work.
337
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uning ishini hamma biladi
U " Mushuklar" va " Opea arvohi" kabi sahnalariga raqs tayyorlagan.
15:28
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
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U juda ajoyib. Men Angliyda Qirol balleti kommissiyasida edim
15:30
She's wonderful.
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15:31
I used to be on the board of The Royal Ballet, as you can see.
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ko'rib turganingizday.
15:34
(Laughter)
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hullas, Gillian va men bir kuni tushlik qilayotganimizda
15:36
Gillian and I had lunch one day. I said, "How did you get to be a dancer?"
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men " Gillian, siz qandya qilib raqqosa bo'la qoldingiz? dedim, u
15:39
It was interesting.
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bu juda qiziqarli sodir bo'lganini aytdi. Maktab davrida
15:41
When she was at school, she was really hopeless.
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u juda umidsiz edi. Maktabda, 30 yillarda
15:43
And the school, in the '30s, wrote to her parents and said,
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makta mudirlari uning ota onaisga shunday xat yozadi:
15:46
"We think Gillian has a learning disorder."
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" Biz o'ylaymizki, Gillianda qandaydir kassallik bor. U hech diqqati bir joyga to'play olmaydi"
15:48
She couldn't concentrate; she was fidgeting.
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bilaman ular shunday derdi
15:50
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
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u diqqat yetishmovchilik sindromiga duchor bo'lgan. Lekin 1930 yillarda
15:52
Wouldn't you?
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15:53
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD hadn't been invented at this point.
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bunday sindrom nomlanmagan edi
15:57
It wasn't an available condition.
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bu o'sha paytda hali tayyor emas edi ( Kulgi)
15:59
(Laughter)
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Odamlar shunday bo'lishini bilishmagandi
16:03
People weren't aware they could have that.
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Xullas, bu ayol mutaxassisni ko'rish boradi.
16:05
(Laughter)
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16:07
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
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Onasi bilan,
16:11
So, this oak-paneled room, and she was there with her mother,
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Katta doira stol atrfofida u bir chetda o'tiradi
va u 20 daqiqa davomida qo'llarida o'tiradi
16:15
and she was led and sat on this chair at the end,
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bu kishi uning onasiga hamma narsa haqida gapiradi
16:17
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes,
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Gilliannign maktadagi muammolari haqida
16:19
while this man talked to her mother
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16:21
about all the problems Gillian was having at school,
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va oxirida, chunki u boshqalarga halaqit bergani uchun
16:23
because she was disturbing people, her homework was always late, and so on.
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va uy vaziafasini kech tayyorlagani uchun va boshqalar
8 yoshli bola, oxirida, shifokor kelib o'tiradi va "Gillian
16:27
Little kid of eight.
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16:28
In the end, the doctor went and sat next to Gillian and said,
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men senign onag aytgan hamma
16:31
"I've listened to all these things your mother's told me.
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narsalarni eshitdim
va men u bilan yakka holda gaplashisim kerak"
16:34
I need to speak to her privately.
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va u yana shundya deydi" Sen shu yerda kutib tur, biz tez qaytamiz"
16:36
Wait here. We'll be back. We won't be very long,"
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16:38
and they went and left her.
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va ular ketadi, qizcha qoladi
Xonadan chiqib ketayotgan paytda u radioni buraydi
16:41
But as they went out of the room,
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16:42
he turned on the radio that was sitting on his desk.
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stolida turgan, ya'ni.
xonada chiqqach doktor onasiga
16:45
And when they got out of the room,
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" Siz shu yerda turib uni kuzating " deydi. Ular xonadan chiqqach bir daqiqadan keyin
16:47
he said to her mother, "Just stand and watch her."
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16:49
And the minute they left the room,
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qizcha musiqaga raqs tusha boshlaydi
16:52
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
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ular uni bir necha daqiqa kuzatadilar
16:54
And they watched for a few minutes, and he turned to her mother and said,
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va doktor qizning onasiga qarab shundya deydi
16:58
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian isn't sick.
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" Missis Lynne, Gillian kasal emas, u raqqosa
17:00
She's a dancer.
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Uni raqs maktabiga olib boring"
17:03
Take her to a dance school."
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17:04
I said, "What happened?"
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Men so'ardim" Nima bo'ldi keyin?"
17:06
She said, "She did. I can't tell you how wonderful it was.
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U aytdi " Ha u meni olib bordi. Bu juda ajoyib edi
17:09
We walked in this room, and it was full of people like me --
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biz xonaga kirib keldik va xona to'la
17:11
people who couldn't sit still,
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menga o'xhashagan odamlar edi. Bir joyda turolmaydigan odamlar.
17:14
people who had to move to think."
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O'yslahs uchun harakatda bo'lishi kerak bo'lganlar"Biz o'yslash uchun harakat qilishimiz kerak edi.
17:17
Who had to move to think.
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Ular ballet, oyoq raqsi va jazz bilan shug'ullanishdi
17:18
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz; they did modern; they did contemporary.
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hamda, zamoaviy raqslar ham ijro etishdi
keyinchalik u Qirol Balet maktabiga taklif qilindi
17:22
She was eventually auditioned for the Royal Ballet School.
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u yakka raqqosga aylandi, va ajoyib ish bilan ta'minlandi
17:25
She became a soloist; she had a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
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Qirol Baletida. keyin u oqishni bitirdi
17:28
She eventually graduated from the Royal Ballet School,
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Qirol Belt Makatbidan va
o'z kompaniyasini ochdi ' Gillian Lynning Raqs Kompaniyasi-
17:31
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
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17:33
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
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va Andre Lloy Webernig uchratdi. Bu ayol
17:34
She's been responsible for
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17:35
some of the most successful musical theater productions in history,
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eng muvaffaqiyatli musiqy teartning ko'pchiligi uchun javobgar bo'lgan
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
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o'tgan davrda, u millionlab
17:40
and she's a multimillionaire.
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17:41
Somebody else might have put her on medication and told her to calm down.
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odamlar uchun rohat bag'ishlagan, va u ham o'zi millioner bo'lgan
17:45
(Applause)
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Kimdir esa unga dorilar berib
jim bo'l, ko'p qimirlama deyishi mumkin edi.
Hozir, menimcha..( qarsaklar). mening yakunim shundan iborat
17:53
What I think it comes to is this:
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17:55
Al Gore spoke the other night
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Al Gore kecha ma'ruza berdi
17:57
about ecology and the revolution that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
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ekologiya, atrfor muhit haqida, va Rachel Carson boshlagan inqilob haqida
Men ishonamanki, kelajk uchun faqat bir umid
18:02
I believe our only hope for the future
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18:04
is to adopt a new conception of human ecology,
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isnon ekologiaysining yangi qolipini ishlatish
qaysiki, bizning fikrlashimizni qayta shakllantiradi
18:08
one in which we start to reconstitute our conception
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18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
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va inson qobiliyatini boyitadi.
18:13
Our education system has mined our minds
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Bizning ta'lim sohamiz fikrlashimizni
18:16
in the way that we strip-mine the earth for a particular commodity.
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Yerni bir narsa uchun ishlatishga qaratadi
lekin kelajakda, bu bizga yordam bermaydi
18:20
And for the future, it won't serve us.
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18:22
We have to rethink the fundamental principles
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bi eng asosiy go'yalarimizni qayta o'ylab chiqishimiz kerak
18:25
on which we're educating our children.
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bolalarimizga qandya ta'lim berayapmiz.
18:27
There was a wonderful quote by Jonas Salk, who said,
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Jonas Salk astganiday " Agar hashorotlar
18:29
"If all the insects were to disappear from the Earth,
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Yer yuzida yo'qolib ketsa, 50 yil ichida yerda hayot tugardi.
18:34
within 50 years, all life on Earth would end.
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Agar odamlar yer yuzidan yoqolib ketsa,
50 yil ichida
18:38
If all human beings disappeared from the Earth,
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Yerda hayoy gullab yahsnardi"
18:41
within 50 years, all forms of life would flourish."
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Va u to'gri aytadi.
18:45
And he's right.
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TED inson tasavvurini nishonlaydi
18:47
What TED celebrates is the gift of the human imagination.
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va biz uni qanday ishaltishimizdan ehtiyot bo'lishimiz kerak.
18:51
We have to be careful now that we use this gift wisely,
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bu sovga;ni oqilona ishaltish kerak, va shunda
18:55
and that we avert some of the scenarios that we've talked about.
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biz aytib o'tgan narsalarni chetlab o'tish mumkin.
18:59
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing our creative capacities
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va buning birdan bi yo'li ijodkorlik qobiliaytimizni ko'ra olishdir
19:02
for the richness they are
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ular qanday asl va boy bo'lsa, shunday ko'rish kerak
19:04
and seeing our children for the hope that they are.
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ya'ni bolalarimizni, shunday deb umid qilishimiz kerak. Va bizning vazifamiz
19:07
And our task is to educate their whole being,
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butun borlig'imizga ta'lim berish, va kelajakka yuzma yuz qaray olishdir.
19:10
so they can face this future.
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19:11
By the way -- we may not see this future,
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ha aytgancha, biz bu kelajakni ko'rmasligimiz mumkin,
19:14
but they will.
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lekin ular ko'ra oladi. Bizning ishimiz ularga yordam berish
19:15
And our job is to help them make something of it.
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kelajakni foydali qilib qurishda. Katta Rahmat
19:18
Thank you very much.
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19:19
(Applause)
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Ushbu veb-sayt haqida

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