Murray Gell-Mann: Do all languages have a common ancestor?

52,708 views ・ 2008-06-13

TED


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: SK Baek κ²€ν† : Ukseop Jeong
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
0
13160
4000
μ €λŠ” 물리학 외에 λ‹€λ₯Έ 것듀도 μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
1
17160
2000
사싀 μ§€κΈˆμ€ 물리학이 뒷전이죠
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
2
19160
4000
κ·Έ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ“€ κ°„μ˜ κ΄€κ³„μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
3
24160
4000
λ―Έκ΅­κ³Ό μ„œμœ λŸ½μ˜ 전문적인 μ—­μ‚¬μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ€...
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
4
28160
3000
멀리 λ–¨μ–΄μ ΈμžˆλŠ” μ–Έμ–΄λ“€ κ°„μ˜ 관계가
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
5
31160
4000
ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 큰 집합체 λΌλŠ” 것을 μ™Έλ©΄ν•˜λ € ν•˜μ£ 
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
6
35160
3000
그것은 μ•„μ£Ό μ•„λž˜ μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
7
38160
3000
μ–΄μ‘± 보닀 훨씬 멀리 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ£ 
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
8
41160
4000
μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ‹«μ–΄ν•˜λ”κ΅°μš”. μ΄μƒν•˜λ‹΅λ‹ˆλ‹€. ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 제 생각은 λ‹¬λΌμš”
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
9
45160
3000
λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„ λΆ„λ“€ 쀑에 천재적인 μ–Έμ–΄ν•™μžλ“€μ΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
10
48160
4000
λͺ¨μŠ€ν¬λ°”λ‚˜ μ‚°νƒ€νŽ˜ μΈμŠ€ν‹°νŠœνŠΈμ—μ„œ 주둜 μΌν•˜μ£ 
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
11
52160
4000
μ΄λΆ„λ“€μ˜ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ μ •λ§λ‘œ κΈ°λŒ€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
12
56160
3000
μ •λ§λ‘œ λͺ¨λ“  μ–Έμ–΄κ°€ ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ μ›ν˜•μ—μ„œ λ‚˜μ˜¨ κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
13
59160
3000
2만 5μ²œλ…„ μ „κΉŒμ§€ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°„λ‹€λ©΄?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
14
62160
3000
λ§Œμ•½ 또 κ·Έ μ΄μ „μœΌλ‘œ 거슬러 올라 κ°„λ‹€λ©΄...
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
15
65160
4000
κ·Έ μ›ν˜•μ€ 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ–Έμ–΄λ“€κ³Ό κ²½μŸν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
16
69160
3000
이것은 또 μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
17
73160
3000
ν˜„λŒ€ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ” μ–Όλ§ˆλ‚˜ κΉŠμ€ κ±ΈκΉŒμš”? 수 λ§Œλ…„?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
18
76160
3000
결둠이 무엇일지에 λŒ€ν•΄ 감이 μ˜€μ‹­λ‹ˆκΉŒ?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
19
79160
3000
κΈ€μ„Έμš”, 제 생각에 ν˜„λŒ€ μ–Έμ–΄μ˜ μ—­μ‚¬λŠ”...
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
20
82160
4000
μ„œμœ λŸ½μ˜ 동꡴ λ²½ν™”λ‚˜ 판각, 쑰각, 좀의 흔적...
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
21
86160
5000
같은 것듀 λ³΄λ‹€λŠ” 더 였래 μ „ 이야기 κ°™μ•„μš”
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
22
91160
6000
3만 5μ²œλ…„ μ΄μƒλœ ꡬ석기(μ˜€λ¦¬λƒ‘) μ‹œλŒ€ 말이죠
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
23
97160
3000
그런 것을 ν•  수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ ν˜„λŒ€μ  언어도 μžˆμ—ˆκ² μ£ 
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
24
100160
5000
κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ΅œμ†Œν•œ κ·Έ λ•Œμ―€μœΌλ‘œ μΆ”μΈ‘ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ–΄μš”
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
25
105160
3000
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ–Έμ–΄λ“€ 쀑 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„ ν˜Ήμ€ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
26
108160
4000
더 ν›„μ„ΈκΈ°μ˜ μ–΄λ–€ μ–Έμ–΄, 즉 μ•½ 2λ§Œλ…„ μ „μ˜
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
27
112160
4000
단일 μ–Έμ–΄μ—μ„œ μ „ν•΄μ‘Œλ‹€λŠ” 가정도 λ§žμ„ 수 μžˆμ–΄μš”
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
28
116160
3000
병λͺ©κΈ°κ°„ 이라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” μ‹œκΈ°μ΄μ§€μš”
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
29
120160
1000
ν•„λ¦½μŠ€ μ•€λ”μŠ¨μ΄ λ§žλŠ” 것 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
30
121160
3000
정말 λͺ¨λ“  것에 λŒ€ν•΄ λͺ¨λ“  μ‚¬λžŒλ“€ 보닀...
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
31
124160
2000
더 많이 μ•Œκ³  계신 λ“― ν•˜λ„€μš”. κ°μ‚¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€
02:06
(Applause)
32
126160
4000
(λ°•μˆ˜)
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7