Murray Gell-Mann: Do all languages have a common ancestor?

52,796 views ・ 2008-06-13

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Translator: chris s Reviewer: Schubert Malbas
00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
0
13160
4000
May iba akong pinagkakaabahalan, bukod sa pisika.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
1
17160
2000
Sa katunayan, ngayon mas madalas sa ibang bagay.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
2
19160
4000
Isa dito ang malawak na ugnayan ng iba't ibang wika ng mga tao.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
3
24160
4000
At lumalayo sa mga malayuang relasyon ang halos lahat ng mga propesyonal
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
4
28160
3000
at ng mga pangkasaysayang dalubwika sa Estados Unidos at sa Kanlurang Europa;
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
5
31160
4000
malaking pagpangkat, mga pagpapangkat
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
6
35160
3000
na matagal nang namamalagi,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
7
38160
3000
mas matagal pa sa mga kilalang pamilya.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
8
41160
4000
Ayaw nila yun; sa tingin nila himaling ito. Sa tingin ko, hindi.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
9
45160
3000
At may mga napakatalinong mga dalubwika, karamihang mga Ruso,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
10
48160
4000
na nagtatrabaho sa Santa Fe Institute at sa Moscow,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
11
52160
4000
at gusto kong makita kung saan makararating ito.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
12
56160
3000
Makararating ba talaga ito sa isang ninuno
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
13
59160
3000
ilang mga 20, 25,000 na taong nakaraan?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
14
62160
3000
At paano kung bumalik tayo sa nakaraan na higit pa sa ninuno na ito,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
15
65160
4000
noong siguro mayroong kompetisyon sa gitna ng mga wika?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
16
69160
3000
Gaano kalayo pa sa nakaraan ba yun? Gaano kalayo ang pinanggalingan ng makabagong wika?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
17
73160
3000
Ilang nakaraang libu-libong taon?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
18
76160
3000
Chris Anderson: Mayroon ka bang kutob o di kaya inaasahang sagot dito?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
19
79160
3000
Murray Gell-Mann: Sa palagay ko dapat mas nakatatanda ang makabagong wika
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
20
82160
4000
kaysa sa mga larawan, mga ukit at mga lilok sa kuweba
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
21
86160
5000
at mga yapak ng sayaw sa malambot na luwad sa mga kuweba ng Kanlurang Europa
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
22
91160
6000
noong panahong Aurignacian mga 35,000 na taong nakaraan, or mas maaga.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
23
97160
3000
Di ko mapaniwalaan na ginawa nila yun lahat tapos wala ring makabagong wika.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
24
100160
5000
Ang hula ko, ang tunay na simula ay mga ganun nga o mas maaga pa.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
25
105160
3000
Ngunit hindi nito ibig sabihin na di puwedeng manggaling
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
26
108160
4000
ang lahat, o karamihan ng mga napatunayan na mga wika
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
27
112160
4000
mula sa isang mas bago, ng siguro mga 20,000 na taong nakaraan,
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
28
116160
3000
o parang ganun. Ang tawag natin dito ay ang pagbo-bottleneck (biglang pagsikip ng daloy).
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
29
120160
1000
CA: Maaaring tama si Philip Anderson.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
30
121160
3000
Maaaring mas maraming kang alam sa lahat kaysa kanino.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
31
124160
2000
Naging isang karangalan ito. Maraming salamat Ginoong Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
32
126160
4000
(Palakpakan)
About this website

This site will introduce you to YouTube videos that are useful for learning English. You will see English lessons taught by top-notch teachers from around the world. Double-click on the English subtitles displayed on each video page to play the video from there. The subtitles scroll in sync with the video playback. If you have any comments or requests, please contact us using this contact form.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7