Arthur Benjamin: Teach statistics before calculus!

238,418 views ใƒป 2009-06-29

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ran Amitay ืžื‘ืงืจ: Yifat Adler
00:12
Now, if President Obama
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ืื ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืื•ื‘ืžื”
00:15
invited me to be the next Czar of Mathematics,
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ื™ื–ืžื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื”"ืฆืืจ" ื”ื‘ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
00:19
then I would have a suggestion for him
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ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื”ืฆืขื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื•
00:22
that I think would vastly improve
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ืฉืื ื™ ืกื‘ื•ืจ ืฉืชืฉืคืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
00:24
the mathematics education in this country.
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ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื ื•ืš ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
00:27
And it would be easy to implement
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืชื”ื™ื” ืงืœื” ืœื™ื™ืฉื•ื
00:29
and inexpensive.
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ื•ื–ื•ืœื”.
00:31
The mathematics curriculum that we have
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ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื•
00:33
is based on a foundation of arithmetic and algebra.
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ืžื‘ื•ืกืกืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืืจื™ืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืืœื’ื‘ืจื”.
00:37
And everything we learn after that
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ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ
00:39
is building up towards one subject.
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ื”ื•ื ื ื“ื‘ืš ื ื•ืกืฃ ืœื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื ื•ืฉื ืื—ื“.
00:42
And at top of that pyramid, it's calculus.
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ื•ื‘ืจืืฉ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”, ื ืžืฆื ื”ื—ืฉื‘ื•ืŸ ื”ื“ื™ืคืจื ืฆื™ืืœื™ ื•ื”ืื™ื ื˜ื’ืจืœื™ (ื—ื“ื•"ื).
00:46
And I'm here to say
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ื•ืื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ
00:48
that I think that that is the wrong summit of the pyramid ...
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ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื• ื”ืคื™ืกื’ื” ื”ืฉื’ื•ื™ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื™ืจืžื™ื“ื”...
00:52
that the correct summit -- that all of our students,
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ืฉื”ืคื™ืกื’ื” ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” -- ืฉื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•,
00:54
every high school graduate should know --
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ืฉื›ืœ ื‘ื•ื’ืจ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช --
00:56
should be statistics:
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ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”:
00:59
probability and statistics.
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ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”.
01:01
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
01:03
I mean, don't get me wrong. Calculus is an important subject.
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ืืœ ืชื‘ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœื ื ื›ื•ืŸ. ื—ื“ื•"ื ื”ื•ื ื ื•ืฉื ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
01:07
It's one of the great products of the human mind.
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ื”ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืจื™ื ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™.
01:09
The laws of nature are written in the language of calculus.
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ื—ื•ืงื™ ื”ื˜ื‘ืข ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ื—ื“ื•"ื.
01:13
And every student who studies math, science, engineering, economics,
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ื•ื›ืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”, ืžื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื ื“ืกื”, ื›ืœื›ืœื”,
01:17
they should definitely learn calculus
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ืฆืจื™ืš ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื—ื“ื•"ื
01:19
by the end of their freshman year of college.
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืงื•ืœื’'.
01:21
But I'm here to say, as a professor of mathematics,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ื ื™ ื›ืืŸ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ, ื›ืžืจืฆื” ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”,
01:24
that very few people actually use calculus
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ืฉืžืขื˜ ืžืื•ื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ื—ื“ื•"ื
01:28
in a conscious, meaningful way, in their day-to-day lives.
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ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื“ืขืช ื•ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื-ื™ื•ื.
01:31
On the other hand,
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ืžืฆื“ ืฉื ื™,
01:33
statistics -- that's a subject that you could,
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ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื” -- ื–ื”ื• ื ื•ืฉื ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื,
01:36
and should, use on daily basis. Right?
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ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื, ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
01:39
It's risk. It's reward. It's randomness.
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ื–ื” ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ. ื–ื” ืชื’ืžื•ืœ. ื–ื• ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช.
01:42
It's understanding data.
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ื–ื• ื”ื‘ื ื” ืฉืœ ื ืชื•ื ื™ื.
01:44
I think if our students, if our high school students --
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื”ืกื˜ื•ื ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ืื ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• --
01:46
if all of the American citizens --
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ืื ื›ืœ ืื–ืจื—ื™ ืืจื”"ื‘ --
01:48
knew about probability and statistics,
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ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”,
01:51
we wouldn't be in the economic mess that we're in today. (Laughter) (Applause)
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื‘ืœื’ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื™ ื”ืฉื•ืจืจ ื”ื™ื•ื.
01:54
Not only -- thank you -- not only that ...
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ืœื ืจืง -- ืชื•ื“ื” -- ืœื ืจืง ื–ื”...
01:57
but if it's taught properly, it can be a lot of fun.
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ืื ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื ื•ืฉื ื›ืจืื•ื™, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ.
02:00
I mean, probability and statistics,
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ืื ื™ ืžืชื›ื•ื•ืŸ, ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”,
02:02
it's the mathematics of games and gambling.
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ื”ืŸ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื™ืžื•ืจื™ื.
02:06
It's analyzing trends. It's predicting the future.
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ื–ื” ื ื™ืชื•ื— ืžื’ืžื•ืช. ื–ื” ื—ื™ื–ื•ื™ ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
02:10
Look, the world has changed
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ืจืื•, ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉืชื ื”
02:12
from analog to digital.
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ืžืื ืœื•ื’ื™ ืœื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™
02:15
And it's time for our mathematics curriculum to change
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืฉืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืชืฉืชื ื”
02:18
from analog to digital,
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ืžืื ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ืœื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ืช.
02:20
from the more classical, continuous mathematics,
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ืžื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงืœืืกื™ืช, ื”ืจืฆื™ืคื”
02:24
to the more modern, discrete mathematics --
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ืœืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื”ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ืช, ื”ื‘ื“ื™ื“ื”.
02:27
the mathematics of uncertainty,
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ื”ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืื™ ื”ื•ื•ื“ืื•ืช,
02:29
of randomness, of data --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืืงืจืื™ื•ืช, ืฉืœ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื --
02:31
that being probability and statistics.
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ื•ืืœื• ื”ืŸ ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ืกื˜ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืงื”.
02:34
In summary, instead of our students
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ืœืกื™ื›ื•ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•
02:36
learning about the techniques of calculus,
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ื™ืœืžื“ื• ืืช ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื“ื•"ื,
02:39
I think it would be far more significant
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ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉื–ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™
02:42
if all of them knew what two standard deviations
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ืื ื”ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืžื” ื”ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ืฉืœ 2 ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช ืชืงืŸ
02:45
from the mean means. And I mean it.
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ืžื”ืžืžื•ืฆืข. ื–ืืช ื”ืฆืขืชื™.
02:48
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื” ืœื›ื.
02:50
(Applause)
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[ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื]
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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