Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Prevodilac: Silvija Varga Lektor: Ivana Korom

This is a work in process,

Ovo istraživanje i dalje traje,

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

na osnovu nekih komentara koji su dati

na TED-u pre dve godine

o potrebi za pohranjivanjem vakcina.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Muzika)

(Video) Narator: Na našoj planeti,

1.6 billion people

1,6 milijardi ljudi

nema pristup električnoj energiji,

don't have access to electricity

hlađenju

refrigeration

ili gorivu.

or stored fuels

this is a problem

Ovo predstavlja problem.

Ovo utiče na:

it impacts:

the spread of disease

širenje zaraza i bolesti,

pohranjivanje hrane i lekova

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

i kvalitet života.

Ovo je plan: jeftini frižideri koji ne koriste struju,

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

propan, gas, kerozin ili drugo gorivo.

Vreme je za termodinamiku.

time for some thermodynamics

Priča o frižiderima naizmenične apsorpcije.

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Adam Groser: Dakle, pre 29 godina, imao sam učitelja

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

koji je govorio o apsorpciji i zamrzavanju.

To je jedna od onih stvari koja vam ostane u glavi.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Ličilo je mnogo na Sterlingov motor:

bilo je zanimljivo, ali niste znali šta da radite sa tim.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

Ferdinad Kar je izmislio ovo 1858.

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

ali nije mogao ništa da započne sa tim

jer u to vreme nije imao potrebne alate.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Paul Krosli, jedan ludi Kanađanin,

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

je 1928. komercijalizovao mašinu zvanu IcyBall,

i to je bila zaista super ideja

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

reći ću zašto nije radila,

ali evo kako ona funkcioniše.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Postoje dve kugle koje su razmaknute.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

U jednoj se nalaze voda i amonijak,

and the other is a condenser.

a druga je kondenzator.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Zagrejete jednu stranu, toplu stranu.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Amonijak ispari

i re-kondenzuje se na drugoj strani.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Ostavite da se ohladni na sobnoj temperaturi

kada se amonijak rekondenzuje i spoji sa vodom

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

na drugoj strani, na topoloj strani,

ovo stvara snažni efekat hlađenja.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Dakle, bila je to sjajna ideja ali nije funkcionisala: eksplodiralo je.

They blew up.

Jer, koristeći amonijak dobija se veliki pritisak

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

ako se zagreva na pogrešan način.

it topped 400 psi.

Premašilo je 400 paskala. Amonijak je bio otrovan i raspršivao se na sve strane.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Ali to je bila zanimljiva ideja.

Sjajna stvar u vezi sa 2006. jeste to

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

da postoje odlične računske radnje koje mogu biti urađene.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Tako smo uposlili celu katedru termodinamike

na univerzitetu Stenford,

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

mnogo računskih radnji na dinamici fluida.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Dokazali smo da su tablice zamrzavanja amonijaka bile pogrešne.

Pronašli smo neke netoksične supstance

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

kojima je moguće zamrzavati sa malo pritiska.

Doveli smo tim iz Velike Britanije,

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

mnogo je sjajnih ljudi koji se bave ovim poslom

u Velikoj Britaniji,

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

i sagradili smo opremu koja zapravo dokazuje

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

da možemo da sagradimo frižider malog pritiska sa netoksičnim supstancama.

So this is the way it works.

Dakle, evo kako funkcioniše.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Postavi se na vatru na kojoj se kuva.

Mnogi ljudi imaju ovakva mesta,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

koja koriste drvo ili izmet kamile.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Zagreva se oko 30 minuta i hladi oko sat vremena.

Stavi se u posudu

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

i služiće kao frižider naredna 24 sata.

It looks like this.

Ovako to izgleda. Ovo je peti prototip, nije još dovršen.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Teži oko 3 kilograma i ovako funkcioniše.

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Stavi se u sud od 15 litara,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

i rashladi ga do tačke smrzavanja,

three degrees above freezing --

3 stepena pre tačke smrzavanja,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

na 24 sata u prostor u kome je 30 stepeni Celzijusovih. Veoma je jeftino.

It's really cheap.

Smatramo da možemo da proizvedemo velike količine po 25 dolara

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

i u manjim količinama od po 40 dolara.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Smatramo da možemo da napravimo frižidere

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

koje svi mogu da koriste.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(aplauz)