Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Lovro Žitnik Reviewer: Tjasa Vrhovnik

This is a work in process,

To je projekt v delu,

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

ki izvira iz komentarjev izjavljenih

na TED-u pred dvema letoma

o potrebi po zabojniku za cepiva.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Glasba)

[ Na tem planetu ]

1.6 billion people

[ 1,6 milijarde ljudi ]

[ nima elektrike ]

don't have access to electricity

[ hladilnika ]

refrigeration

[ ali shranjenih goriv ]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[ to je problem, ki ]

[ vpliva na: ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[ razširjanje bolezni ]

[ shranjevanje hrane in zdravil ]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ in kakovost življenja ]

[ načrt je tak: ceneno hlajenje, ki ni odvisno od elektrike ... ]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[ ... propana, plina, kerozina ali podobnega ]

[ čas je za malo termodinamike... ]

time for some thermodynamics

[ in zgodbo o hladilniku z intermitentno absorpcijo ]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Torej, pred 29. leti sem imel učitelja termodinamike,

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

ki je govoril o absorpciji in hlajenju.

To je ena tistih stvari, ki so mi ostale v glavi.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Bilo je precej podobno Stirlingovem motorju -

bilo je fino, ampak nisi vedel, kaj narediti z njim.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

Leta 1858 ga je izumil možak z imenom Ferdinand Carre,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

ampak z njim si ni mogel pomagati

zaradi takratnega omejenega nabora orodij.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Nor Kanadčan, imenovan Powell Crosley,

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

je komercializiral stvar z imenom Icyball leta 1928,

in je bila zelo luštna ideja...

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

... povedal bom, zakaj ni delovala,

ampak najprej: zakaj deluje.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Imamo dve med seboj oddaljeni krogli.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Ena ima delovno tekočino, vodo in amonijak,

and the other is a condenser.

in druga je utekočinjevalec.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Ogrejemo en del, vroč del.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Amonijak izhlapi

in se ponovno utekočini na drugi strani.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Pustimo, da se shladi na sobno temperaturo,

in potem ko amonijak ponovno izhlapi in se zmeša z vodo,

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

na prej omenjeni vroči strani

povzroči močno ohlajanje.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

To je bila torej ta odlična ideja, ki nikakor ni delovala - komori je razneslo.

They blew up.

Zaradi uporabe amonijaka dobimo ogromne pritiske,

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

če ga narobe segrejemo.

it topped 400 psi.

Najvišje si lahko dosegel 400 psi. Amonijak je bil strupen. Vsepovsod ga je škropilo.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Ampak misel je bila zanimiva.

Torej, dobra stvar leta 2006 je ta,

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

da lahko opravimo precej računskega dela.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

K delu smo povabili celoten oddelek za termodinamiko

na Stanfordu.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Opravili ogromno računske dinamike tekočin.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Dokazali smo, da je večina ohlajevalnih tabel za amonijak napačnih.

Našli smo nekaj nestrupenih hladiv,

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

ki so delovali na zelo nizkih izparilnih tlakih.

Pripeljali smo ekipo iz Združenega kraljestva -

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

tam je veliko ljudi, ki se ukvarja z hlajenjem,

kot se je izkazalo -

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

in zgradili poizkusno opremo ter pokazali, da v bistvu

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

lahko naredimo nizko-tlačni, nestrupeni hladilnik.

So this is the way it works.

In takole deluje.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Pustimo ga na kuhinjskem ognju.

Večina ljudi na svetu ima ogenj za kuho,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

pa naj bodo to kamelji iztrebki ali les.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Ogreva se približno 30 minut, ohlaja pa kako uro.

Postavimo ga v škatlo

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

in hladil jo bo 24 ur.

It looks like this.

Izgleda takole. To je peti prototip. Ni še čisto dokončan.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Tehta približno 3,5 kilograma, deluje pa takole.

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Postavimo ga v 15-litrsko komoro,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

in shladil jo bo skoraj do ledišča,

three degrees above freezing --

tri stopinje nad lediščem

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

za 24 ur v okolici s 30 stopinjami Celzija. In to zelo poceni.

It's really cheap.

Mislimo, da jih lahko proizvajamo v velikih količinah za 25 ameriških dolarjev,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

v manjših količinah pa za 40 ameriških dolarjev.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

In mislimo, da lahko naredimo hlajenje

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

dostopno vsakomur.

Thank you.

Hvala lepa.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)