Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Nafissa Yakubova Reviewer: Adham Kurbanov

This is a work in process,

Ikki yil oldin TED da emlash mahsulotlarini saqlash

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

ehtiyoji haqida qilingan

fikrlarga asoslangan holda

hozirda biz bu ish ustida ishlayapmiz

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

( Musiqa)

1.6 milliard kishi

1.6 billion people

elektr ta'minotisiz

muzlatish

don't have access to electricity

yoki yoqilg'i saqlash

refrigeration

muammodir.

or stored fuels

this is a problem

Va buning natijasida

Kasalliklar.

it impacts:

the spread of disease

ovqat va dorilarni saqlash muammosi,

sifatsiz hayot tarzi kelib chiqadi

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

va mana sizga yechim: qimmat bo'lmagan elektr ta'minotsiz muzlatish

... propan, gaz, kerosin yoki kerakli moddalar

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

termodinamika bilan o'tkazilgan vaqt

Qisqasi, 29 yil oldin, mening Termokimiyo ustozim

time for some thermodynamics

absorbsiya ( singdirish) va muzlatish haqida gapirgan edi

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Va uning gaplari haqida ko'p o'yladim.

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

U ko'proq Stilring dvigateliga o'hshardi

-judayam qiziqarli lekin u bilan nima qilishningni bilmaysan.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Va u 2858chi yili Ferdinand Carre tomonidan o'ylab topilgan ediyu,

lekin u, dvigatel bilan hech narsa yarata olmadi,

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

sababi u vaqtda, yetarli asboblar bo'lmagandi.

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

Va bir ajoyib Kanadalik, Povel Crosli

1928 yili muz-shari degan narsani reklama qildi,

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

va bu judayam yahshi fikr edi,

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

lekin men hozir bu nima cuhun ishlashga qo'l kelmaganini aytaman.

Lekin avval uning qanday ishlashini tushuntirib o'tay.

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

Hullas unda ikkita shar, orasida masofa bilan ajratilgan.

bittasida ishlatiladigan suyuqilik, suv va ammonia

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

va ikkinchisi esa kondensator.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Issiq tomoni yanada isitiladi.

and the other is a condenser.

Va ammoniya bug'lanadi

You heat up one side, the hot side.

va ikkinchi tomonida esa u to'planib boradi.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

va uni hona temperaturasigacha sovishini kutamiz,

undan keyin, ammoniya qayta bug'lanib suv bilan qo'shiladi.

You let it cool to room temperature,

ilgarigi issiq tomonida esa

juda katta sovitish ta'sirini beradi.

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

Aslida bu narsaning ishga tushirlamgani yahshi bo'ldi: chunki u yorilib ketdi.

Chunki, ammoniya ishlatish bilan juda yuqori bosim paydo bo'ladi

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

agarda siz uni noto'g'ri isitsangiz.

They blew up.

Bosim 400 pikseldan oshib ketgandi. Ammoniya esa zaharli modda. Va u hamma yoqqa sochilib ketgandi.

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

lekin baribir, bunday hosiyatli muzlatish usuli juda qiziq fikr edi.

it topped 400 psi.

Hullas, 2006 yildning nimasi zo'r

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

- komyuterlashtirilgan hizoblash usuli bor.

Biz, Standfordagi Termodinamika bo'limidaglar birga shu ish ustida

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

ishlashga yig'ildik

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Juda ko'p harakatdagi suyuqilklar ustidagi hisoblashlardan keyin

ko'pchilik ammoniya muzlatish jadvallar hato ekanligini asoslab berdik.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Biz bi necha zaharli bo'lmagan va past bosimda ishlatsa bo'ladigan

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

muzlatadigan moddalrni topdik.

Britaniya birlashgan Qirolligidan bir guruh

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

muzlatgichlar bilan ishlay oladigan ajoyib odamlar kelishdi

Britaniyda ular bor-da!

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

va biz sinov uchun apapratni qurdik, va

chindanham, past bosimli, zaharsiz muzlatgiz ishlab chiqara oldik.

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

Men sizga bu qanday ishlashini aytay endi

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

Siz uni oddiy gulhan ustiga qo'yasiz

So this is the way it works.

va bilamizki, dunyodagi ko'p odamlarda ovqat qilish uchun gulhan-o't yoqisha oladi,

You put it on a cooking fire.

o'tinning nima bo'lishidan qattiy nazar- tuyaning ahlatimi yoki otinmi, hullas

30 daqiqa davomida isitib, bir soat davomida sovitiladi

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

va buni biror bi konteinerga, idishga solib qo'ysa

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

24 soat davomida muzlatgiz rolini o'ynaydi.

Va uning ko'rinishi man bunday bo'ladi. Bu beshinchi turi. Hali butunlay ishlab tugatilmagan.

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

Og'riligi 3.7 kg, va ishlash mehanismi bunday:

It looks like this.

siz buni 15 literli ( tahmiman 3 gallon) sig'im ichiga qo'yasiz

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

va u muzlash darajasidan

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

3 daraja yuqorigacha sovitadi.

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

24 sota davomida, 30 daraja bo'lgan joy uchun bu juda arzon usul.

three degrees above freezing --

Biz bunday kattalikdagi muzlatgichlarni 25 dollar atrofida harajat qilib qura olamiz...

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

kichikroq hajmdagilarini esa 40 dollar desa bo'ladi.

It's really cheap.

Va biz hamma ishlata oladigan

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

muzlatgiz ishlab chiqara olamiz deb o'ylaymiz.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Rahmat.

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

(Qarsaklar)

Thank you.

(Applause)