Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Senada Maksumic Reviewer: Mateja Nenadovic

This is a work in process,

Ovo je posao koji još uvjek traje

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

na osnovu nekih komentara koji su dati

na TED-u prije dvije godine

o potrebi za skladištenjem vakcine.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Muzika)

[ Na ovoj planeti ]

1.6 billion people

[ 1.6 milijardi ljudi ]

[ nema pristup električnoj energiji ]

don't have access to electricity

[ rashladnim uređajima ]

refrigeration

[ ili pohranjenim gorivima ]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[ to je problem ]

[ koji utiče na: ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[ širenje bolesti ]

[ skladištenje hrane i lijekova ]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ i na kvalitet života ]

[ evo šta se predlaže: jeftin rashladni uređaj koji ne koristi struju ... ]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[ ... propan, benzin, kerozin ili potrošnu robu ]

[ vrijeme je za malo termodinamike ]

time for some thermodynamics

[ I priču o Frižideru koji se bazira na Povremenoj Absorpciji ]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Prije 29 godina, imao sam profesora termodinamike

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

koji je govorio o absorpciji i rashlađivanju.

To je jedna od onih stvari koja mi je ostala urezana u pamćenje.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Bilo je to nešto poput Stirlingove Mašine:

bilo je sjajno ali niste znali šta biste s time uradili.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

Izmislio ju je Ferdinand Carre 1858. godine,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

ali nije mogao ništa izgradit s njom

zbog alata kojim je tada raspolagao.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

A onda je otkačeni Kanađanin po imenu Powell Crosley

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

komercijalizirao nešto sto je nazvao Icyball 1928. godine,

i to je zaista bila sjajna ideja,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

objasnit cu zašto nije funkcionisala,

ali evo o čemu se radi.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Postoje dvije sfere i one su odvojene i udaljene jedna od druge.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

U jednoj su radna tečnost, voda i amonijak

and the other is a condenser.

a u drugoj je kondenzator.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Zagrijete jednu stranu, vrelu stranu.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Amonijak ispari

i ponovo se kondenzira s druge strane.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Ostavite da se ohladi na sobnoj temperaturi,

i onda, dok amonijak ponovo isparava i mješa se sa vodom

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

na ranije vreloj strani,

stvara jako dejstvo rashlađivanja.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Bila je to odlična ideja koja uopšte nije funkcionisala: sve je eksplodiralo.

They blew up.

Zbog toga što korištenjem amonijaka dobijete jako visoke pritiske

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

ako ste ga zagrijali na pogrešan način.

it topped 400 psi.

Pritisak je bio veći od 27 bara. Amonijak je bio otrovan. Prskao je posvuda.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Ali bila je to zanimljiva ideja.

I tako, dobra stvar za 2006. godinu je

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

što postoji puno toga što se može uraditi pomoću kompjutera.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Pa smo uključili čitav odjel za termodinamiku

sa Stanford-a.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Puno izračunavanja dinamike tečnosti.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Dokazali smo da je većina tablica o rashlađivanju amonijakom ustvari pogrešna.

Pronašli smo neke neotrovne rashlađivače

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

koji su radili na vrlo niskoj razini pritiska.

Doveli smo tim iz Engleske -

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

pošto ima puno stručnjaka za rashlađivanje,

kako se pokazalo u Engleskoj -

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

i sagradili smo probni model, i dokazali da, u stvari

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

možemo proizvesti neotrovni frižider niskog pritiska.

So this is the way it works.

Evo kako to funkcioniše.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Stavite ga na vatru.

Većina ljudi u svijetu ima vatru za kuhanje,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

bilo da koriste izmet deve ili drvo.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Zagrijava se oko 30 minuta, a hladi oko sat vremena.

Stavite ga u posudu

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

i hladit će se 24 sata.

It looks like this.

Izgleda ovako. Ovo je peti prototip. Nije sasvim završen.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Teži oko 3.6 kg, i funkcioniše ovako.

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Stavite ga u posudu od 15 litara, odprilike tri galona,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

i rashladit će se na malo iznad tačke smrzavanja,

three degrees above freezing --

otprilike tri stepena iznad tačke smrzavanja,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

na 24 sata u okruženju temperature od 30 stepeni Celzijusa. Uistinu je jeftin.

It's really cheap.

Mislimo da ih možemo proizvesti u ogromnim količinama za oko 25 dolara,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

a u manjim količinama za otprilike 40 dolara.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Takođe mislimo da možemo rashladne uređaje učiniti

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

pristupačnim svima.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

( Pljesak )