Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

82,938 views ใƒป 2008-06-24

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Seyoung Yoon ๊ฒ€ํ† : Sun Kim
00:13
This is a work in process,
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•  ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š”
00:16
based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago
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์•ฝ 2๋…„ ์ „ TED์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”๋˜ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์ €์žฅ๊ณ ์˜ ํ•„์š”์„ฑ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
์˜๊ฒฌ์—์„œ ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜์–ด
ํ˜„์žฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง„ํ–‰์ค‘์ธ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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00:24
(Video): [On this planet
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(์Œ์•…)
[ ์ง€๊ตฌ์—๋Š” ]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[ 16์–ต ๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ]
[ ์ „๊ธฐ, ๋ƒ‰์žฅ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ]
00:29
don't have access to electricity
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[ ์ €์žฅ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธ‰์„ ]
00:31
refrigeration
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[ ๋ฐ›์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ]
00:35
or stored fuels
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00:38
this is a problem
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[ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์ด์œ ๋กœ ]
[ ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ]
00:41
it impacts:
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00:44
the spread of disease
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[ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์˜ ํ™•์‚ฐ ]
[ ์Œ์‹๊ณผ ์•ฝํ’ˆ ์ €์žฅ์†Œ์˜ ๋ถ€์žฌ ]
00:47
the storage of food and medicine
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00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‚ถ์˜ ์งˆ ์ €ํ•˜ ]
[ ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ „๊ธฐ, ํ”„๋กœํŒ ๊ฐ€์Šค ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋“ฑ์œ ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ]
00:53
So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration
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00:55
that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables
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[ ์†Œ๋ชจํ’ˆ์„ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ]
[ ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์—ด์—ญํ•™๊ณผ ]
01:01
time for some thermodynamics
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[ ๊ฐ„ํ— ํก์—ด ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์žฅํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ]
01:03
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
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29๋…„ ์ „, ์ œ๊ฒŒ ํก์—ด๊ณผ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์‹ 
01:06
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things
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์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜ ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณ„์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์ณ์ฃผ์‹  ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋จธ๋ฆฌ ์†์—์„œ ๋งด๋Œ์•˜์–ด์š”.
01:12
that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:
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๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋งˆ์น˜ ์Šคํ„ธ๋ง ์—”์ง„ ๊ฐ™์•˜์ฃ .
๊ทผ์‚ฌํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๊ฑธ๋กœ ๋ญ˜ ํ• ์ง€ ๋ชฐ๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:14
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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๊ทธ๊ฑด 1858๋…„ ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚ญ ์นด๋ ˆ๋ผ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๊ณ ์•ˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carrรฉ,
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01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋‹น์‹œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋กœ
์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋ฌด์–ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๋ฐ์—๋Š” ์‹คํŒจํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:22
because of the tools at the time.
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01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing
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1928๋…„์—๋Š” ํŒŒ์›ฐ ํฌ๋กœ์Šฌ๋ฆฌ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ดด์งœ ์บ๋‚˜๋‹ค์ธ์ด
01:27
called the IcyBall, in 1928.
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'Icyball'์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ƒํ’ˆํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ •๋ง ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€๋Š”๋ฐ
01:30
It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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ํ†ตํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์ด์œ ๋ฅผ ์‚ดํŽด๋ณด์ฃ .
์ž‘๋™์›๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์•Œ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:33
but here's how it works.
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01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋‘๊ณ  ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ์€ ์ž‘๋™์œ ์ฒด์ธ ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์€ ์‘์ถ•๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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์•ก์ฒด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ชฝ์„ ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•˜๋ฉด
01:42
The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.
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์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์—์„œ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์‘์ถ•๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:45
You let it cool to room temperature,
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์‹ค๋‚ด ์˜จ๋„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์—ด์„ ์‹ํžˆ๋ฉด,
์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฆ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ  ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
01:48
and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water
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01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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์•„๊นŒ ๊ฐ€์—ด๋œ ์ชฝ์—์„ 
์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜์ฃ .
01:53
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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01:55
So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.
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ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋˜๋กœ ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„, ํญ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:58
They blew up.
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์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๋ฅผ ์ž˜๋ชป ๊ฐ€์—ดํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ์••๋ ฅ์ด
01:59
(Laughter)
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02:00
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures
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02:03
if you heated them wrong;
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์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:04
it topped 400 psi.
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์••๋ ฅ์ด 400psi์— ๋‹ฌํ•˜์ž ์œ ๋…ํ•œ ์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋ฐฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฟœ์–ด์ ธ ๋‚˜์™”์ฃ .
02:06
The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.
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02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋งŒํผ์€ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋กœ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์ด์ ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด
02:11
So the great thing about 2006,
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02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ๋งŽ์€ ์ž‘์—…์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ด์ฃ .
02:16
So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --
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์ €ํฌ๋Š” ์Šคํƒ ํฌ๋“œ๋Œ€ ์—ด์—ญํ•™๊ณผ์™€์˜ ํ˜‘๋ ฅ ํ•˜์—
์ „์‚ฐ ์œ ์ฒด์—ญํ•™์˜
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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ํž˜์„ ๋นŒ๋ ค
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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์•”๋ชจ๋‹ˆ์•„ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ํ…Œ์ด๋ธ” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋˜ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์••๋ ฅ์—์„œ๋„ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ์˜
02:26
We found some nontoxic refrigerants
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02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋„ ์ฐพ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜๊ตญ์—๋Š” ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ๋ถ„์•ผ์—์„œ ํ™œ์•ฝ ์ค‘์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ
02:30
We brought in a team from the UK --
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02:32
a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ํ•œ ํŒ€์ด ์ฐธ๊ฐ€ํ•ด
์‹œํ—˜ ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ณ 
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์••๋ ฅ์—์„œ ๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๋Š”
02:37
we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
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๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์ฆ๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
So this is the way it works.
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์ž‘๋™ ์›๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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๋ถˆ ์œ„์— ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ถˆ ํ”ผ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ •๋„๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ฌด๋‚˜ ๋‚™ํƒ€ ๋ฐฐ์„ค๋ฌผ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด
02:44
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์–ด๋””์„œ๋‚˜ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:46
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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30๋ถ„ ์ •๋„ ์—ด์„ ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๊ณ , ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„ ์—ด์„ ์‹ํž™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์–ด๋‘๋ฉด
02:51
You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ๋ƒ‰๊ฐ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์†๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
It looks like this.
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์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฒผ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 5๋ฒˆ์งธ ๊ฒฌ๋ณธ์ด๊ณ , ์™„์„ฑ๋œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:56
This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.
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02:59
It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋Š” 8ํŒŒ์šด๋“œ ์ •๋„์ธ๋ฐ, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ž‘๋™ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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์ด๊ฑธ 15๋ฆฌํ„ฐ, ์•ฝ 3๊ฐค๋Ÿฐ ์ •๋„์˜ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์— ๋„ฃ์œผ๋ฉด,
03:05
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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30โ„ƒ์˜ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์•„๋ž˜ 24์‹œ๊ฐ„๋™์•ˆ ์šฉ๊ธฐ์˜ ์˜จ๋„๋ฅผ
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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3โ„ƒ ์ •๋„๋กœ
03:09
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.
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์œ ์ง€ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ, ์•„์ฃผ ์ €๊ฐ€์— ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:13
It's really cheap.
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๋Œ€๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— 25๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—” 40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์—
03:14
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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์ด ์žฅ์น˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์ž‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์œผ๋ฆฌ๋ผ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋ƒ‰์žฅ์˜ ํ˜œํƒ์„
03:19
And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
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๋ˆ„๋ฆด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:22
Thank you.
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๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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