Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Kristaps Kadiķis Reviewer: Inguna Draudina

This is a work in process,

Tas vēl tikai top,

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

balstoties uz pirms 2 gadiem

TED izteiktajiem komentāriem

par vakcīnu uzglabāšanas vajadzību.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Mūzika)

[Uz šīs planētas]

1.6 billion people

[1,6 miljardiem cilvēku]

[nav pieejas elektrībai,]

don't have access to electricity

[dzesēšanas ierīcēm]

refrigeration

[vai uzglabājamai degvielai.]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[Tā ir problēma,]

[kas ietekmē:]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[slimību izplatību,]

[pārtikas un zāļu uzglabāšanu,]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[un dzīves kvalitāti.]

[Lūk, mūsu plāns: lēta dzesēšanas ierīce, kurai nevajag elektrību,]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[propānu, gāzi, petroleju vai citus izlietojamos resursus.]

[Laiks termodinamikai.]

time for some thermodynamics

[Un stāstam par Intermitējošās absorbcijas dzesētāju.]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Pirms 29 gadiem man bija kāds termo skolotājs,

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

kurš runāja par absorbciju un dzesēšanu

Tā bija viena no lietām, kas aizķērās manā galvā.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Tas bija kā Stirlinga dzinējs:

tas bija foršs, bet nevarēja saprast, ko ar to iesākt.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

To 1858. gadā izgudroja Ferdinands Kare,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

taču viņš ar to neko nevarēja izveidot,

tā laika instrumentu dēļ.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Šis trakais kanādietis vārdā Povels Kroslijs

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

1928. gadā to komercializēja un nosauca par „Icyball”,

un tā bija ļoti laba ideja,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

es tūlīt paskaidrošu, kādēļ tas nestrādāja.

Taču vispirms izstāstīšu, kā tā darbojas.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Ir divas lodes un tās šķir noteikts attālums.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Vienā ir darba šķidrums, ūdens un amonjaks

and the other is a condenser.

un otra ir kondensators.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Uzkarsē vienu — karsto pusi.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Amonjaks iztvaiko

un pārkondensējas otrā pusē.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Tam ļauj atdzist līdz istabas temperatūrai,

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

un tad, amonjakam vēlreiz pārkondensējoties atpakaļ

back on the erstwhile hot side,

karstajā pusē, tas sajaucas ar ūdeni,

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

radot spēcīgu dzesēšanas efektu.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Tā bija lieliska doma, kas nepavisam nestrādāja: ierīce uzsprāga.

They blew up.

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

Jo, nepareizi uzsildot amonjaku,

rodas milzīgi liels spiediens.

if you heated them wrong;

it topped 400 psi.

Tas pārsniedza 400 psi. Amonjaks ir indīgs un izšļācās visur.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Bet tā bija diezgan interesanta doma.

Labākais 2006. gadā ir tas, ka

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

visu var izskaitļot un izrēķināt.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Tāpēc mēs iesaistījām visu Stenfordas termodinamikas katedru.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Izskaitļojām daudzu šķidrumu dinamikas.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Mēs pierādījām, ka vairums amonjaka dzesēšanas tabulu bija nepareizas.

Mēs atradām neindīgus dzesētājus,

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

kas darbojas ļoti zemā tvaika spiedienā.

We brought in a team from the UK --

Uzaicinājām komandu no Anglijas, kā izrādās,

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

Anglijā ir daudz termodinamikas speciālistu.

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

Mēs izgatavojām paraugmodeli un pierādījām, ka

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

ir iespējams izgatavot zemspiediena un neindīgu dzesētāju.

So this is the way it works.

Tas darbojas šādi.

You put it on a cooking fire.

To uzliek uz uguns.

Vairumam cilvēku pasaulē ir pieejama uguns, vienalga

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

vai to kurina ar kamieļu mēsliem vai malku.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Tā silst apmēram 30 minūtes un atdziest apmēram stundu.

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

To ieliek tvertnē

un tas dzesēs 24 stundas.

It looks like this.

Tas izskatās apmēram šādi. Lūk, piektais prototips, kas vēl nav gluži pabeigts.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Sver apmēram trīsarpus kilogramus un strādā šādi:

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

To ievieto 15 litru traukā, kas ir apmēram trīs galoni,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

un tas atdzisīs gandrīz līdz nullei,

three degrees above freezing --

trīs grādus virs sasalšanas,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

24 stundas 30 C' grādu vidē. Tas ir ļoti lēts.

It's really cheap.

Mūsuprāt, mēs to lielos apjomos varam izgatavot par 25 dolāriem

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

un mazos apjomos par 40 dolāriem.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Un, mūsuprāt, mēs varam izgatavot dzesēšanas ierīces,

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

kas būtu pieejamas visiem.

Thank you.

Paldies.

(Applause)

(Aplausi)