Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Jaime Florentino Reviewer: Schubert Malbas

This is a work in process,

Ito po ay isang patuloy na proyekto

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

hango sa mga komento na binigay

sa TED noong dalawang taon na ang nakalipas

patungkol sa pangangailangan ng pag-iimbak ng bakuna.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Musika)

[ Sa planetang ito ]

1.6 billion people

[ 1.6 bilyong katao ]

[ ang walang kuryente ]

don't have access to electricity

[ refrigeration ]

refrigeration

[ o gaas ]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[ ito ay isang dagok ]

[ at nakakaapekto: ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[ sa paglaganap ng sakit ]

[ sa pag-iimbak ng pagkain at medisina ]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ at sa kalidad ng buhay ]

[ kaya ito ang mungkahi: murang refrigeration na hindi ginagamitan ng kuryente ... ]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[ ... propane, gasolina, gaas, o mga consumables ]

[ oras na para sa kaunting thermodynamics ]

time for some thermodynamics

[ At ang kuwento ng Intermitent Absorption Refrigerator ]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

29 na taon na ang nakalipas, may guro ako sa thermodynamics

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

na nagbanggit tungkol sa absorption at refrigeration.

Iyon ang ilan sa mga bagay na tumatak sa aking isipan.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Tulad siya sa Stirling Engine:

astig pero hindi mo alam ang paggagamitan

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

At ito ay naimbento noong 1858 ni Ferdinand Carre,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

ngunit wala siyang magawa dito

dahil sa kakulangan ng kasangkapan noong panahong iyon.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Isang nahihibang na Canadian sa ngalan na Powell Crosley

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

ang nagsakomersyo ng tinatawag na Icyball noong 1928,

at iyon ay isang napakagandang ideya,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

at sasabihin ko mamaya kung bakit ito'y hindi naging posible,

pero ganito ang kanyang mekanismo.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

May dalawang bilog na magkahiwalay.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Laman ng isa ay working fluid, tubig at ammonia,

and the other is a condenser.

samantalang ang isa ay condenser.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Paiinitan mo ang isang bahagi, yung mainit na bahagi.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Mag-eevaporate ang ammonia

at magrerecondense sa kabilang bahagi.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Hahayaang lumamig sa room temperature,

at pagkatapos, habang nag-eevaporate ang ammonia kasabay ng tubig

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

pabalik sa mainit na bahagi,

lumilikha ito ng paglamig.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Magandang ideya sana ngunit hindi ito naging posible: ito'y sumasabog.

They blew up.

Dahil sa paggamit ng ammonia, nakakalikha ng matataas na pressures

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

kapag mali ang paraan ng pag-init.

it topped 400 psi.

Aabot ito ng 400 psi. Nakakalason ang ammonia. Kumakalat sa paligid.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Ngunit talagang interesante ang ideyang iyon.

Kaya, naging mabuti ang 2006 dahil

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

maraming computational work ang maaring gawin.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Kaya, tinipon namin ang buong departamento ng thermodynamics

sa Stanford.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Maraming computational fluid dynamics.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Pinatunayan naming mali ang karamihan ng ammonia refrigeration tables.

Nakadiskubre kami ng refrigerants na hindi nakakalason

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

na maaring gamitin sa mabababang vapor pressures.

Humingi kami ng tulong sa isang grupo mula UK --

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

maraming eksperto sa refrigeration,

napag-alaman namin, mula sa UK --

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

bumuo ng test rig, at pinatunayan na

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

maaring makagawa ng low pressure, non-toxic regfrigerator.

So this is the way it works.

Ganito ang kanyang paggamit.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Ilalagay mo siya sa ibabaw ng pinaglutuang apoy.

Kahit sino sa mundo may pinaglulutuang apoy,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

yari man sa dumi ng kamelyo or sa kahoy.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Paiinitan ito sa loob ng 30 minuto, at palalamigin ng isang oras.

Ipapasok sa isang lagayan

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

at maari na itong gamiting refrigerator sa loob ng 24 oras.

It looks like this.

Ganito ang itsura niya. Ito ang panlimang prototype. Hindi pa siya gaanong tapos.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Ito ay may bigat na 8 pounds, at ang paraan ng paggamit ay ganito.

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Ilalagay mo siya sa 15-litro na lalagyan, katumbas ng tatlong galon,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

at ito ay lalamig malapit sa freezing point,

three degrees above freezing --

tatlong baitang na mas mataas sa freezing point,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

sa loob ng 24 oras at 30 degree Celsius. Ito ay napakamura.

It's really cheap.

Sa tingin namin, puwedeng bumuo nito ng maramihan sa halagang 25 dolyar bawat isa,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

at kapag kaunti lang, aabot ng 40 dolyar.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

At sa tingin namin magagawa nating

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

abot-kaya ang refrigeration para sa lahat.

Thank you.

Salamat po!

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)