Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Rasmus Birk Reviewer: Lasse Christensen

This is a work in process,

Dette er et projekt under stadig udvikling

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

baseret på nogle bemærkninger, der blev givet

hos TED for to år siden

omkring behovet for opbevaring af vaccine.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Musik)

[ På denne planet ]

1.6 billion people

[ har 1,6 milliarder mennesker ]

[ ikke adgang til elektricitet ]

don't have access to electricity

[ køling ]

refrigeration

[ eller opbevaret brændstof ]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[ dette er et problem ]

[ der har indflydelse på: ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[ spredning af sygdomme ]

[ opbevaring af mad og medicin ]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ og livskvalitet ]

[ her er planen: billig køling, der ikke har brug for elektricitet ... ]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[ ... gas, benzin, petroleum eller forbrugsvarer ]

[ det er tid til noget varmelære ]

time for some thermodynamics

og historien om "Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator".

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

For 29 år siden havde jeg en underviser i varmelære,

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

som underviste i absorbering og køling.

Det var en af de der ting, der blev hængende i mine tanker.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Det var meget ligesom "Stirling" maskinen:

den var cool, men man vidste ikke, hvad man skulle bruge den til.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

Den blev opfundet i 1858 af fyren Ferdinand Carre,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

men han kunne ikke bruge den til noget

på grund af datidens værktøj.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

En skør canadier ved navn Powell Crosley

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

kommercialiserede en ting kaldet "the Icyball" i 1928,

og det var en rigtig fin ide,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

og jeg vil snart fortælle hvorfor det ikke virkede,

men her er, hvordan det virker.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Der er to sfærer som er adskilt med mellemrum.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Den ene har en arbejdsvæske, vand og ammoniak,

and the other is a condenser.

og den anden er en kondensator.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Man opvarmer den ene side - den varme side.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Ammoniaken fordamper

og den kondenserer på den anden side.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Man lader det køle ned til stuetemperatur,

og mens ammoniakken fordamper igen og forbinder sig med vandet

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

tilbage på den tidligere varme side,

dannes der en kraftig køleeffekt.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Det var en fantastisk ide, der slet ikke virkede - den sprængte i luften.

They blew up.

Fordi ved at bruge ammoniak får man meget store tryk

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

hvis man opvarmer det forkert.

it topped 400 psi.

Det nåede 400 psi. Ammoniakken var giftig. Det sprøjtede ud over alt.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Men det var nu en meget interessant ide.

Det gode ved 2006 er,

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

at der er masser af beregningsmæssigt arbejde der kan udføres.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Så vi involverede hele den termodynamiske afdeling

hos Stanford.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

En masse beregninger på væskedynamik.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Vi beviste, at de fleste tabeller for køleanlæg baseret på ammoniak er fejlagtige.

Vi opdagede nogle ugiftige kølestoffer,

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

der virkede ved meget lavt tryk.

Bragte et team ind fra England --

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

der viste sig at være en masse

fantastiske køleeksperter i England --

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

og byggede en prototype og beviste, at vi faktisk

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

godt kunne lave en ugiftig lavtrykskøler.

So this is the way it works.

Den virker sådan her.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Man sætter den over ild.

De fleste mennesker laver mad over åben ild,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

om så det er med kamelafføring eller træ.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Den opvarmes i ca. 30 minutter og skal så afkøle i en time.

Sæt den i en beholder,

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

og den kan køle i 24 timer.

It looks like this.

Den ser sådan ud. Dette er den femte prototype. Den er ikke helt færdig.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Den vejer ca. 3,6 kg og fungerer sådan her:

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Sæt den ind i en 15-liters beholder, ca. 3 gallons,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

og den vil køle beholderen ned til lige over frysepunktet,

three degrees above freezing --

tre grader over frysepunktet,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

i 24 timer i et 30 grader varmt miljø. Det er rigtig billigt.

It's really cheap.

Vi mener, vi kan bygge disse i store mængder for ca. 25 dollars,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

i mindre mængder for ca. 40 dollars.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Og vi mener, vi kan gøre køling

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

til noget, som alle kan få.

Thank you.

Mange tak.

(Applause)

(Klapsalver)