One of the most banned books of all time - Mollie Godfrey

653,765 views ・ 2023-02-21

TED-Ed


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Translator: Anna B
00:07
In 1998, a Maryland school district removed one of American literature’s
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I 1998 fjernede Marylands skoledistrikt en af amerikansk litteraturs
00:11
most acclaimed works from its curriculum.
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mest anerkendte bøger fra dets pensum.
00:14
Parents pushing for the ban said the book
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Forældre, som ønskede at forbyde bogen, sagde den var
00:16
was both “sexually explicit” and “anti-white.”
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”seksuelt eksplicit” og “anti-hvid”.
00:19
Following an outcry from other parents and teachers,
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Efter protest fra andre forældre og lærere
00:21
the decision was eventually reversed.
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blev beslutningen tilbagetrukket.
00:23
But this was neither the first nor the last attack
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Men det var hverken det først eller sidste angreb på
00:26
on Maya Angelou’s “I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings.”
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Maya Angelous “Jeg ved hvorfor fuglen synger i sit bur”
00:30
Few books have been challenged more often than Angelou's memoir.
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Kun få bøger har været mere udfordret end Angelous selvbiografi.
00:33
And while book banning decisions typically aren’t made
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Mens beslutninger om bogforbud typisk ikke er lavet
00:36
at the state or national level,
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på et statsligt eller nationalt plan,
00:38
most of the schools and libraries that have banned Angelou’s book
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så har skoler og biblioteker, der har banlyst Angelous bog
00:41
have given similar reasons.
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angivet lignende begrundelser.
00:43
Most commonly, they argue that the memoir’s account of sexual assault
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De mest almindelige argumenter er, at biografiens skildring af seksuelt overgreb
00:47
and the violence of US racism are inappropriate for young readers.
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og USAs racevold er upassende for unge læsere.
Men bekymringerne glemmer meningen med Angelous historie,
00:52
But these concerns miss the point of Angelou’s story,
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00:54
which uses these very themes to explore the danger of censorship
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som bruger disse temaer til at udforske farerne ved censur
00:58
and silence in the lives of young people.
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og tavshed i unge menneskers liv.
01:01
Published in 1969, “I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings”
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Udgivet i 1969, “Jeg ved hvorfor fuglen synger i sit bur”
01:05
traces the author’s childhood growing up poor, Black and female in the southern US.
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handler om forfatterens opvækst som fattig, sort og kvinde i det sydlige USA.
01:11
Central to the narrative is Angelou’s experience of being sexually assaulted
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Centralt til erindringen er Angelous beskrivelse af at blive udsat for overgreb
01:15
when she was seven and a half years old.
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da hun var syv og et halvt år gammel.
01:18
Surrounded by adults who consider the subject too taboo to discuss,
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Omgivet af voksne der betragter emnet som tabu at tale om
01:22
Angelou decides that she is to blame.
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beslutter Angelou at give sig selv skylden.
01:24
And when she finally identifies her abuser in court,
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Da hun identificerer overgrebsmanden i retten,
01:28
he is killed by vigilantes.
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bliver han dræbt af selvtægtsmænd.
01:30
Angelou believes her voice is responsible for his death,
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Angelou mener at hendes stemme er ansvarlig for hans død,
01:34
and for six years, she stops speaking almost entirely.
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og i seks år holder hun næsten op med at tale.
01:37
The book chronicles Angelou’s journey to rediscover her voice,
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Bogen skildrer Angelous rejse for at genfinde hendes stemme,
01:41
all while exploring the pain and misplaced shame
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mens hun udforsker smerten og selvbebrejdelsen,
01:44
that emerges from avoiding uncomfortable realities.
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der kommer af at undgå ukomfortable realiteter.
01:48
The memoir’s narrative voice expertly blends her childhood confusion
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Memoirets fortællerstemme blander hendes barndoms forvirring
01:52
with her adult understanding,
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med hendes voksne forståelse
01:54
offering the reader insights Angelou was deprived of as a child.
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og giver læseren indsigt i hvad Angelou er blevet frataget som barn.
01:58
She connects her early experiences of being silenced and shamed
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Hun forbinder sin barndoms oplevelse af at blive gjort tavs og ydmyget
02:01
to the experience of being poor and Black in the segregated United States.
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til oplevelsen af at være fattig og sort i det segregerede USA.
02:06
“The Black female,” she writes,
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“Den sorte kvinde,” skriver hun,
02:08
“is caught in the tripartite crossfire of masculine prejudice,
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“er fanget i krydsild fra tre sider mellem maskuline fordomme,
02:13
white illogical hate, and Black lack of power.”
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ulogisk hvidt had og sort mangel på magt.”
02:18
Her autobiography was one of the first books
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Hendes selvbiografi var en af de første bøger
02:21
to speak openly about child sexual abuse,
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til at fortælle åbent om seksuelt misbrug af børn.
02:24
and especially groundbreaking to do so from the perspective of the abused child.
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Særligt banebrydende var at gøre det set fra det misbrugte barns perspektiv.
02:29
For centuries, Black women writers had been limited by stereotypes
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I århundreder havde sorte kvindelige forfattere
været begrænset af stereotyper, som beskrev dem som hyperseksuelle.
02:33
characterizing them as hypersexual.
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02:35
Afraid of reinforcing these stereotypes,
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I frygt for at forstærke disse stereotyper
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few were willing to write about their sexuality at all.
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ønskede få at skrive om deres seksualitet.
02:41
But Angelou refused to be constrained.
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Men Angelou nægtede at lade sig begrænse.
02:43
She publicly explored her most personal experience,
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Hun udforskede offentligt hendes mest personlig oplevelse
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without apology or shame.
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uden skyld eller skam.
02:49
This spirit of defiance charges her writing with a sense of hope
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Denne trodsighed fylder hendes fortælling med en følelse af håb,
02:53
that combats the memoir’s often traumatic subject matter.
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der nedtoner erindringens ellers traumatiske indhold.
02:57
When recalling how a fellow student defied instructions not to sing
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Da hun mindes, hvordan en medstuderende trodsede instruktioner om ikke at synge
03:01
the Black National Anthem in the presence of white guests,
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den sorte nationalsang i nærværet af hvide gæster,
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she writes, “The tears that slipped down many faces were not wiped away in shame.
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skriver hun, ”De tårer der trillede ned ad mange kinder,
blev ikke tørret væk i skam.
03:10
We were on top again... We survived.”
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Vi var ovenpå igen. Som altid, endnu engang. Vi overlevede.”
03:15
Angelou’s memoir was published amidst the Civil Rights and Black Power movements,
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Angelous erinding blev udgivet i borgerrettighedsbevægelsens storhedstid
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when activists were calling for school curricula
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da aktivister forlangte et pensum
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that reflected the diversity of experiences in the US.
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som afspejlede mangfoldigheden af oplevelser i USA.
03:27
But almost as soon as the book appeared in schools, it was challenged.
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Men så snart bogen dukkede op i skolerne blev den udfordret.
03:32
Campaigns to control lesson plans surged across America in the 1970s and 80s.
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Kampagner om strengere kontrol af pensum steg overalt i USA i 1970′erne og 80′erne.
03:38
On the American Library Association’s list
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På American Library Associations liste
03:40
of most frequently banned or challenged books,
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over mest forbudte eller udfordrede bøger har
03:43
“I Know Why The Caged Bird Sings” remained near the top for two decades.
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“Jeg ved hvorfor fuglen synger i sit bur” været nær toppen i to årtier.
03:48
But parents, students, and educators have consistently fought back
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Men forældre, elever og lærere kæmper fortsat
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in support of the memoir.
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til fordel for selvbiografien.
03:55
And by 2013, it had become the second most taught non-fiction text
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I 2013 var det den anden mest brugte faktatekst
04:01
in US high school English classes.
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i amerikanske gymnasium engelsk klasser.
04:04
When asked how she felt about writing one of the most banned books, Angelou said,
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Da hun blev spurgt ind til hvordan det føltes
at have skrevet en af de mest forbudte bøger, sagde Angelou
04:11
“I find that people who want my book banned have never read
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“Jeg har opdaget, at folk som ønsker at forbyde min bog
aldrig har læst noget af hvad jeg skriver,
04:16
a paragraph of my writing,
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04:18
but have heard that I write about a rape.
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men har hørt, at jeg skriver om voldtægt.
04:21
They act as if their children are not faced with the same threats.
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De opfører sig som om at deres børn ikke står over for de samme trusler.
04:26
And that’s terrible.”
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Og det er forfærdeligt.”
04:28
She believed that children who are old enough to be the victims
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Hun mente, at børn som er gamle nok til at være ofre
04:31
of sexual abuse and racism are old enough to read about these subjects.
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for seksuelt misbrug og racisme også er gamle nok til at læse om de emner.
04:35
Because listening and learning are essential to overcoming,
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Fordi at lytte og at lære er essentielt for at overkomme,
04:39
and the unspeakable is far more dangerous when left unspoken.
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og det ubeskrivelige er langt farligere hvis det forbliver usagt.
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