Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Translator: Rijaniaina Randrianomanana Reviewer: andry ravololonjatovo

This is a work in process,

Tetikasa an-dalam-panatanterahana izy ity

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

izay niainga tamin'ny fanehoan-kevitra voaray

nandritra ny zaikabe TED tamin'ny 2 taona lasa,

momban'ny fitehirizana ireo vaksiny.

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Mozika)

[Eto amin'ity planeta ity]

1.6 billion people

[izay misy olona 1.6 lavitrisa]

[tsy manana herinaratra]

don't have access to electricity

[tsy manana vata fampangatsiahana]

refrigeration

[na koa angovo tahiry.]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[Olana lehibe izany]

[Misy fiantraikany ratsy amin'ny : ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[fihanak'ireo aretina maro]

[fitahirizana sakafo sy fanafody]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ary hatsaran'ny fiainana.]

[Ito ary ny tetika: fampangatsiahana tsy lafo sady tsy mampiasa herinaratra…]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[…entona fandrehitra na karazana fandoro hafa]

[ Fotoana hanomezako fampianarana kely momban'ny "thermodynamique" ]

time for some thermodynamics

[ sy ny tantaran'ny vata fampangatsiahana mitroka sy mihodina mitsitapitapy izao. ]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

29 taona lasa, nisy mpampianatra thermo anay

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

niresaka fitrohana sy fampangatsiahana.

Isan'ireo zavatra mbola miraikitra ato an-tsaiko izany.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Mitovitovy be amin'ny motera Stirling ilay izy:

nahafinaritra saingy tsy hainay hoe afaka anaovana inona ilay izy.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

I Ferdinand Carre no namorona azy io tamin'ny 1858,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

saingy tsy afaka nanamboatra zavatra avy amin'io izy

noho ireo fitaovana tamin'izany vanimpotoana izany.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Ilay kanadiana jorery, Power Crosley dia

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

nivarotra ity zavatra antsoina hoe Icyball ity tamin'ny 1928,

hevitra tena maranitra izy ity,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

ka hazavaiko anareo ny antony tsy nahatafita azy,

kanefa asehoko etoana aloha ny fomba fiasany.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Misy bola roa mifampihataka lavitra.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

Ny iray dia ranoka miasa izay ahitana rano sy "ammoniaque"

and the other is a condenser.

ary ny ilany hafa kosa dia kadobo (condensateur).

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Hafanaina ny ilany, ilay ilany mafana.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Mietona ny "ammoniaque"

ary mifampifanizina ny andaniny.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Avela hangatsiaka amin'ny mari-pana tsotra, avy eo,

mandritra ny fientonan'ny ammoniaque sy ny fifangaroany amin'ny rano

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

amin'ilay ilany nafana teo aloha iny,

manome vokatra mampangatsiaka tena mahery ilay izy.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Hevitra tena tsara izay tsy nandeha akory: nipoaka mihitsy ary.

They blew up.

Ahazoana tsindrin-drivotra mahery ny ammoniaque

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

rehefa hafanaina tsara.

it topped 400 psi.

Nahatratra 400psi izany. Ny ammoniaque dia poizina. Ka niparitaka be ilay izy.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Saingy lazaiko hatrany fa hevitra mahaliana ilay izy.

Tamin'ny taona 2006,

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

afaka miroso amin'izay ny andrana vokatrin'ny fandrosoan'ny haikajy.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Nasaina nandray anjara ny sampana thermodynamique rehetra

tao Stanford.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Niasa be momban'ny "dynamique des fluides" tamin'ny solosaina izahay.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Voaporofonay fa ny ankamaroan'ny teknika fampangatsiahana ny ammoniaque dia diso.

Nahita singa fampangatsihana tsy poiziny izahay

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

ka afaka miasa amin'ny tsindrin-drivotra ambany.

Niantso ekipa avy any Englandy izahay --

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

Tany tsinona no ahitana olona mahay

io resaka fampangatsiahana io --

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

ary nanamboatra toera fanaovana andrana izahay ary nanaporofo fa azo atao

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

ny manamboatra vata fampatsiahana tsy misy poizina amin'ny tsindry ambany.

So this is the way it works.

Toy izao ny fiasany.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Apetraka eo amin'ny afo ketrika.

Ny ankamaroan'ny olona izao dia mampiasa afo fahandroana,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

na avy amin'ny tain-drameva na kitay io.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Avela hafana mandritra ny 30 minitra ka avela hangatsika adiny iray avy eo.

Apetraka ao anaty tavy

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

ary avela hangatsiaka mandritra ny 24 ora.

It looks like this.

Ohatran'ity ilay izy. Ito zao no santiona fahadimy. Mbola tsy vita tanteraka ito.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Milanga 3,6 kg ary toy izao indray ny fiasany:

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Apetraka ao anaty tavy 15 litatra,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

ary mangatsiaka ho azy hatramin'ny mari-pàna miteraka ranomandry ilay izy,

three degrees above freezing --

ventin-drefy telo miiba ny aotra.

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

Atao mandritra ny 24 ora sy ao anaty tontolo 30 ventin-drefy Celsius. Tena mora vidy izy ity.

It's really cheap.

Mieritreritra hamokatra betsaka izahay izay hamidy 25 dolara,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

ary karazany hafa amin'ny vidiny 40 dolara.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

Ny tanjonay dia afaka hampangatsiaka

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

ny olona rehetra tsy ankanavaka.

Thank you.

Misaotra indrindra.

(Applause)

(Tehaka mirefodrefotra)