Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

82,778 views ・ 2008-06-24

TED


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Translator: Rijaniaina Randrianomanana Reviewer: andry ravololonjatovo
00:13
This is a work in process,
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Tetikasa an-dalam-panatanterahana izy ity
00:16
based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago
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izay niainga tamin'ny fanehoan-kevitra voaray
nandritra ny zaikabe TED tamin'ny 2 taona lasa,
momban'ny fitehirizana ireo vaksiny.
00:21
about the need for the storage of vaccine.
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00:24
(Video): [On this planet
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(Mozika)
[Eto amin'ity planeta ity]
00:26
1.6 billion people
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[izay misy olona 1.6 lavitrisa]
[tsy manana herinaratra]
00:29
don't have access to electricity
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[tsy manana vata fampangatsiahana]
00:31
refrigeration
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[na koa angovo tahiry.]
00:35
or stored fuels
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00:38
this is a problem
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[Olana lehibe izany]
[Misy fiantraikany ratsy amin'ny : ]
00:41
it impacts:
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00:44
the spread of disease
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[fihanak'ireo aretina maro]
[fitahirizana sakafo sy fanafody]
00:47
the storage of food and medicine
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00:49
and the quality of life.
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[ary hatsaran'ny fiainana.]
[Ito ary ny tetika: fampangatsiahana tsy lafo sady tsy mampiasa herinaratra…]
00:53
So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration
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00:55
that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables
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[…entona fandrehitra na karazana fandoro hafa]
[ Fotoana hanomezako fampianarana kely momban'ny "thermodynamique" ]
01:01
time for some thermodynamics
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[ sy ny tantaran'ny vata fampangatsiahana mitroka sy mihodina mitsitapitapy izao. ]
01:03
And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]
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29 taona lasa, nisy mpampianatra thermo anay
01:06
Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher
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01:09
who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things
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niresaka fitrohana sy fampangatsiahana.
Isan'ireo zavatra mbola miraikitra ato an-tsaiko izany.
01:12
that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:
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Mitovitovy be amin'ny motera Stirling ilay izy:
nahafinaritra saingy tsy hainay hoe afaka anaovana inona ilay izy.
01:14
it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.
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I Ferdinand Carre no namorona azy io tamin'ny 1858,
01:17
It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,
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01:19
but he couldn't actually build anything with it
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saingy tsy afaka nanamboatra zavatra avy amin'io izy
noho ireo fitaovana tamin'izany vanimpotoana izany.
01:22
because of the tools at the time.
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01:23
This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing
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Ilay kanadiana jorery, Power Crosley dia
01:27
called the IcyBall, in 1928.
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nivarotra ity zavatra antsoina hoe Icyball ity tamin'ny 1928,
hevitra tena maranitra izy ity,
01:30
It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,
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ka hazavaiko anareo ny antony tsy nahatafita azy,
kanefa asehoko etoana aloha ny fomba fiasany.
01:33
but here's how it works.
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01:34
There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.
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Misy bola roa mifampihataka lavitra.
01:36
One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,
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Ny iray dia ranoka miasa izay ahitana rano sy "ammoniaque"
01:39
and the other is a condenser.
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ary ny ilany hafa kosa dia kadobo (condensateur).
01:40
You heat up one side, the hot side.
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Hafanaina ny ilany, ilay ilany mafana.
01:42
The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.
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Mietona ny "ammoniaque"
ary mifampifanizina ny andaniny.
01:45
You let it cool to room temperature,
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Avela hangatsiaka amin'ny mari-pana tsotra, avy eo,
mandritra ny fientonan'ny ammoniaque sy ny fifangaroany amin'ny rano
01:48
and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water
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01:51
back on the erstwhile hot side,
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amin'ilay ilany nafana teo aloha iny,
manome vokatra mampangatsiaka tena mahery ilay izy.
01:53
it creates a powerful cooling effect.
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01:55
So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.
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Hevitra tena tsara izay tsy nandeha akory: nipoaka mihitsy ary.
01:58
They blew up.
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Ahazoana tsindrin-drivotra mahery ny ammoniaque
01:59
(Laughter)
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02:00
Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures
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02:03
if you heated them wrong;
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rehefa hafanaina tsara.
02:04
it topped 400 psi.
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Nahatratra 400psi izany. Ny ammoniaque dia poizina. Ka niparitaka be ilay izy.
02:06
The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.
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02:08
But it was kind of an interesting thought.
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Saingy lazaiko hatrany fa hevitra mahaliana ilay izy.
Tamin'ny taona 2006,
02:11
So the great thing about 2006,
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02:13
there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.
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afaka miroso amin'izay ny andrana vokatrin'ny fandrosoan'ny haikajy.
02:16
So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --
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Nasaina nandray anjara ny sampana thermodynamique rehetra
tao Stanford.
02:20
a lot of computational fluid dynamics.
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Niasa be momban'ny "dynamique des fluides" tamin'ny solosaina izahay.
02:22
We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.
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Voaporofonay fa ny ankamaroan'ny teknika fampangatsiahana ny ammoniaque dia diso.
Nahita singa fampangatsihana tsy poiziny izahay
02:26
We found some nontoxic refrigerants
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02:28
that worked at very low vapor pressures.
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ka afaka miasa amin'ny tsindrin-drivotra ambany.
Niantso ekipa avy any Englandy izahay --
02:30
We brought in a team from the UK --
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02:32
a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --
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Tany tsinona no ahitana olona mahay
io resaka fampangatsiahana io --
02:35
and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,
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ary nanamboatra toera fanaovana andrana izahay ary nanaporofo fa azo atao
02:37
we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.
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ny manamboatra vata fampatsiahana tsy misy poizina amin'ny tsindry ambany.
02:41
So this is the way it works.
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Toy izao ny fiasany.
02:42
You put it on a cooking fire.
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Apetraka eo amin'ny afo ketrika.
Ny ankamaroan'ny olona izao dia mampiasa afo fahandroana,
02:44
Most people have cooking fires in the world,
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na avy amin'ny tain-drameva na kitay io.
02:46
whether it's camel dung or wood.
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02:47
It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.
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Avela hafana mandritra ny 30 minitra ka avela hangatsika adiny iray avy eo.
Apetraka ao anaty tavy
02:51
You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.
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ary avela hangatsiaka mandritra ny 24 ora.
02:55
It looks like this.
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Ohatran'ity ilay izy. Ito zao no santiona fahadimy. Mbola tsy vita tanteraka ito.
02:56
This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.
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02:59
It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.
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Milanga 3,6 kg ary toy izao indray ny fiasany:
03:02
You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,
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Apetraka ao anaty tavy 15 litatra,
03:05
and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --
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ary mangatsiaka ho azy hatramin'ny mari-pàna miteraka ranomandry ilay izy,
03:08
three degrees above freezing --
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ventin-drefy telo miiba ny aotra.
03:09
for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.
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Atao mandritra ny 24 ora sy ao anaty tontolo 30 ventin-drefy Celsius. Tena mora vidy izy ity.
03:13
It's really cheap.
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Mieritreritra hamokatra betsaka izahay izay hamidy 25 dolara,
03:14
We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,
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ary karazany hafa amin'ny vidiny 40 dolara.
03:17
in low volumes for about 40 dollars.
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Ny tanjonay dia afaka hampangatsiaka
03:19
And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.
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ny olona rehetra tsy ankanavaka.
03:22
Thank you.
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Misaotra indrindra.
03:23
(Applause)
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(Tehaka mirefodrefotra)
Momba ity tranokala ity

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