Adam Grosser: A mobile fridge for vaccines

Prevoditelj: Miroslav Wranka Recezent: Igor Dobec

This is a work in process,

Ovo je nešto na čemu još radimo

based on some comments that were made at TED two years ago

a temelji se na pojedinim komentarima

danim na TED-u prije dvije godine

o potrebi za spremištem za cjepivo

about the need for the storage of vaccine.

(Video): [On this planet

(Glazba)

[Na ovom planetu]

1.6 billion people

[ 1.6 milijardi ljudi ]

[ nemaju pristup električnoj energiji]

don't have access to electricity

[ rashladnim sustavima ]

refrigeration

[ ili pohranjenim gorivima ]

or stored fuels

this is a problem

[ to je problem ]

[ koji utječe na: ]

it impacts:

the spread of disease

[ širenje bolesti ]

[skladištenje hrane i lijekova ]

the storage of food and medicine

and the quality of life.

[ i kvalitetu života ]

[ evo što predlažemo: jeftin rashladni sustav koji ne koristi struju ... ]

So here's the plan ... inexpensive refrigeration

that doesn't use electricity, propane, gas, kerosene or consumables

[ ... propan, benzin, kerozin ili potrošnu robu ]

[ vrijeme je za malo termodinamike ]

time for some thermodynamics

[ I priču o hladnjaku koji se bazira na povremenoj apsorpciji ]

And the story of the Intermittent Absorption Refrigerator]

Prije 29 godina slušao sam profesora termodinamike

Adam Grosser: So 29 years ago, I had this thermo teacher

who talked about absorption and refrigeration, one of those things

koji je govorio o apsorpciji i rashlađivanju.

Bila je to jedna od stvari koje su mi se urezale u pamćenje.

that stuck in my head, a lot like the Stirling engine:

Prilično je nalikovala Stirlingovom stroju:

bila je fora, ali niste znali što biste s time.

it was cool, but you didn't know what to do with it.

Izmislio ju je Ferdinand Carre 1858. godine,

It was invented in 1858, by this guy Ferdinand Carré,

but he couldn't actually build anything with it

ali nije mogao ništa izgraditi s njom

zbog alata koje je imao tada na raspolaganju.

because of the tools at the time.

This crazy Canadian named Powel Crosley commercialized this thing

Onda je ludi Kanađanin po imenu Powell Crosley

called the IcyBall, in 1928.

1928. godine komercijalizirao nešto što je nazvao Icyball,

i to je bila zbilja sjajna ideja,

It was a really neat idea, and I'll get to why it didn't work,

objasnit ću kasnije zašto nije funkcionirala,

no, evo o čemu se radi.

but here's how it works.

There's two spheres and they're separated in distance.

Postoje dvije sfere, odvojene i udaljene jedna od druge.

One has a working fluid, water and ammonia,

U jednoj je radna tekućina, voda i amonijak,

and the other is a condenser.

a u drugoj je kondenzator.

You heat up one side, the hot side.

Zagrijete jednu stranu, vrelu stranu.

The ammonia evaporates and it recondenses in the other side.

Amonijak ispari

i ponovno se kondenzira s druge strane.

You let it cool to room temperature,

Pustite neka se ohladi na sobnu temperaturu,

i tada, dok amonijak ponovno isparava i miješa se s vodom

and then, as the ammonia reevaporates and combines with the water

back on the erstwhile hot side,

na ranije vreloj strani,

stvara moćan učinak rashlađivanja.

it creates a powerful cooling effect.

So it was a great idea that didn't work at all.

Odlična ideja, ali nije funkcionirala. Sve je eksplodiralo.

They blew up.

Zato što korištenjem amonijaka dobivate jako visoke tlakove

(Laughter)

Because you're using ammonia, you get hugely high pressures

if you heated them wrong;

zagrijete li ga na krivi način.

it topped 400 psi.

Tlak je bio veći od 27 bara. Amonijak je bio otrovan. Špricao je posvuda.

The ammonia was toxic, it sprayed everywhere.

But it was kind of an interesting thought.

Ipak, bila je to zanimljiva zamisao.

I tako, dobro je što je 2006. godina

So the great thing about 2006,

there's a lot of really great computational work you can do.

i što možemo puno toga napraviti računalima.

So we got the whole thermodynamics department at Stanford involved --

Pa smo uključili čitav Odjel za termodinamiku

sa Sveučilišta Stanford.

a lot of computational fluid dynamics.

Puno računanja dinamike fluida.

We proved that most of the ammonia refrigeration tables are wrong.

Dokazali smo da je većina tablica o rashlađivanjem amonijakom pogrešno.

Našli smo neke neotrovne rashlađivače

We found some nontoxic refrigerants

that worked at very low vapor pressures.

koji su funkcionirali na vrlo niskoj razini tlaka

Doveli smo i tim iz Velike Britanije

We brought in a team from the UK --

a lot of great refrigeration people, it turns out, in the UK --

ima puno stručnjaka za rashlađivanje,

pokazalo se, u Velikoj Britaniji --

and built a test rig, and proved that, in fact,

sagradili smo probni model i dokazali kako, u stvari,

we could make a low-pressure, nontoxic refrigerator.

možemo proizvesti niskotlačni, neotrovni hladnjak.

So this is the way it works.

Evo kako funkcionira.

You put it on a cooking fire.

Stavite ga na vatru.

Većina ljudi u svijetu imaju vatru za kuhanje,

Most people have cooking fires in the world,

bilo da koriste izmet deve ili drvo kao gorivo.

whether it's camel dung or wood.

It heats up for about 30 minutes, cools for an hour.

Zagrijava se oko 30 minuta, hladi oko sat.

Stavite ga u spremnik

You put it into a container and it will refrigerate for 24 hours.

i hladit će iduća 24 sata.

It looks like this.

Izgleda ovako. Ovo je peti prototip. Nije baš posve završen.

This is the fifth prototype, it's not quite done.

It weighs about eight pounds, and this is the way it works.

Teži oko 3,6 kilograma i funkcionira ovako.

You put it into a 15-liter vessel, about three gallons,

Stavite ga u posudu od 15 litara,

and it'll cool it down to just above freezing --

i rashladit će ju na malo iznad točke smrzavanja,

three degrees above freezing --

otprilike tri stupnja,

for 24 hours in a 30 degree C environment.

na 24 sata u okruženju temperature 30 Celzijusa. Zbilja je jeftin.

It's really cheap.

Mislimo da ih možemo proizvoditi u velikim količinama za oko 25 dolara,

We think we can build these in high volumes for about 25 dollars,

u manjim količinama za 40 dolara.

in low volumes for about 40 dollars.

I mislimo da možemo rashladne sustave

And we think we can make refrigeration something that everybody can have.

učiniti dostupnima svima.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Pljesak)