The hidden power of smiling | Ron Gutman

Prevodilac: Radica Stojanović Lektor: Ivana Korom

Kada sam bio dete, uvek sam želeo da budem superheroj.

When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.

I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy.

Želeo sam da spasim svet i da sve ljude učinim srećnim.

Ali sam znao i da su mi potrebne super moći

But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true.

kako bih ostvario te svoje snove.

Tako sam često polazio na zamišljena putovanja

So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys

to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,

da nađem intergalaktički objekat sa planete Kripton,

which was a lot of fun, but didn't yield much result.

što je bilo jako zabavno,

ali nisam dobijao neke rezultate.

When I grew up and realized

Kada sam odrastao, shvatio sam

that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,

da naučna fantastika i nije baš dobar izvor super moći,

I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,

te sam se odlučio na put do realne nauke,

to find a more useful truth.

kako bih pronašao korisniju istinu.

I started my journey in California,

Započeo sam svoj put u Kaliforniji, sa 30 godina

with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study

dugom longitudinalnom studijom na Berkliju, Univerzitetu u Kaliforniji,

that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook,

koja je istraživala fotografije studenata

iz starog godišnjaka

and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life.

i pokušala da izmeri njihov uspeh i zadovoljstvo

kroz život.

By measuring the students' smiles,

Mereći njihove osmehe tokom studija,

researchers were able to predict

istraživači su bili u stanju da predvide

how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage would be,

koliko će ispunjen i dugačak

brak subjekti imati,

(Laughter)

koliki će skor postići

how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being,

na standardnim testovima za ispitivanje opšteg zadovoljstva

and how inspiring she would be to others.

i koliko će biti inspirativni za druge.

In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.

U jednom drugom godišnjaku, naleteo sam na fotografiju Baraka Obame.

Kada sam prvi put ugledao sliku,

When I first saw his picture,

I thought that his superpowers came from his super collar.

mislio sam da te super moći dolaze od njegovog super okovratnika.

(Laughter)

But now I know it was all in his smile.

Ali sada znam da je sve zapravo u njegovom osmehu.

Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project

Još jedan "aha!" momenat

je došao 2010. iz projekta sa univerziteta Vejn Stejt

koji je pretražio bejzbol kartice od pre 1950. godine

that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players.

glavnih igrača prve lige.

Istraživači su pronašli

The researchers found that the span of a player's smile

da raspon igračevog osmeha

could actually predict the span of his life.

može da predvidi dužinu njegovog života.

Players who didn't smile in their pictures

Igrači koji se nisu smejali na svojim slikama

lived an average of only 72.9 years,

živeli su u proseku svega 72.9 godina,

where players with beaming smiles

dok su igrači sa sjajnim osmesima

lived an average of almost 80 years.

živeli u proseku skoro 80 godina.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

The good news is that we're actually born smiling.

Dobra vest je da smo mi zapravo rođeni nasmejani.

Using 3D ultrasound technology,

Koristeći 3D ultrazvučnu tehnologiju,

we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,

možemo videti da se već i bebe u razvoju smeju,

čak i u materici.

even in the womb.

Kada se rode,

When they're born, babies continue to smile --

bebe nastavljaju da se smeju --

initially, mostly in their sleep.

spontano, najčešće dok spavaju.

And even blind babies smile

Čak se i slepe bebe smeju

to the sound of the human voice.

na zvuk ljudskog glasa.

Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically uniform

Smejanje je jedna od najosnovnijih, biološki najuniformnijih

expressions of all humans.

ekspresija svih ljudskih bića.

In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,

U studiji sprovedenoj u Papua Novoj Gvineji,

Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,

Pol Ekman,

najpriznatiji svetski istraživač na polju facijalne ekspresije,

found that even members of the Fore tribe,

pronašao je da čak i pripadnici Fore plemena,

who were completely disconnected from Western culture,

koji su u potpunosti odsečeni od zapadne kulture,

and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,

takođe i poznati po svojim neobičnim kanibalističkim ritualima,

(Laughter)

pripisuju osmehe situacijama

attributed smiles to descriptions of situations

the same way you and I would.

na isti način na koji bi to uradili vi ili ja.

I tako od Papua Nove Gvineje

So from Papua New Guinea

to Hollywood

do Holivuda

pa do moderne umetnosti u Pekingu,

all the way to modern art in Beijing,

smejemo se često,

we smile often,

and use smiles to express joy and satisfaction.

i smejemo se da izrazimo radost

i zadovoljstvo.

How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day?

Koliko se ljudi u ovoj prostoriji

smeje više od 20 puta na dan?

Raise your hand if you do.

Podignite ruku vi koji se smejete. Oho.

Oh, wow.

Izvan ove prostorije,

Outside of this room,

more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,

više od trećine nas se smeje više od 20 puta na dan,

dok manje od 14 procenata nas

whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five.

se smeje manje od pet puta.

In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children,

Zapravo, oni sa najizvanrednijim supermoćima

su zapravo deca

who smile as many as 400 times per day.

koja se smeju oko 400 puta na dan.

Da li ste se ikada zapitali zašto, kada se nađete među decom

Have you ever wondered why being around children,

koja se smeju toliko često,

who smile so frequently, makes you smile very often?

i vi sami se češće smejete?

A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden

Skorašnja studija na Upsala Univerzitetu u Švedskoj

je pokazala da je veoma teško namrštiti se

found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles.

kada posmatrate nekoga ko se smeje.

Pitate se zašto?

You ask why?

Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,

Jer je smejanje evoluciono zarazno ponašanje,

and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles.

i potiskuje kontrolu

koju obično imamo nad našim facijalnim mišićima.

Osmeh,

Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically

praćen fizičkom ekspresijom,

helps us understand whether our smile is fake or real,

pomaže da razumemo da li je osmeh lažan ili pravi,

so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.

kako bismo razumeli emocionalno stanje

osobe koja se smeje.

In a recent mimicking study

U skorašnjoj studiji mimikrije

at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,

na Univerzitetu Klermon-Feran u Francuskoj,

subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake

od subjekata je traženo da zaključe

da li je osmeh lažan ili pravi

while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles.

dok su držali olovku u ustima

kako bi potisnuli mišiće zadužene za smejanje.

Bez olovke, subjekti su bili izvrsni procenjivači.

Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,

but with the pencil in their mouth --

Ali sa olovkom u ustima,

when they could not mimic the smile they saw --

kada nisu mogli da oponašaju osmeh koji su videli,

their judgment was impaired.

njihove procene su bile slabije.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"

U dodatku o teoriji evolucije u "Poreklu vrsta",

Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory.

Čarls Darvin je pisao

o facijalnoj teoriji fidbek odgovora.

Postavke njegove teorije su

His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better,

da čin smejanja sam po sebi

zapravo čini da se osećamo bolje --

rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good.

pre nego da je smejanje samo rezultat

osećanja zadovoljstva.

In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,

U svojoj studiji,

Darvin citira francuskog neurologa, Giljem Dušena,

who sent electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles.

koji je koristio električne udare na facijalnu muskulaturu

kako bi izazvao i stimulisao osmehe.

Please, don't try this at home.

Molim vas, ne pokušavajte ovo kod kuće.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

In a related German study,

U povezanoj nemačkoj studiji,

researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity

istraživači su koristili funkcionalnu magnentnu rezonancu

kako bi merili moždanu aktivnost

before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles.

pre i posle inekcije botoksa

zbog potiskivanja mišića koji su aktivni prilikom smejanja.

The finding supported Darwin's theory,

Nalazi su podržali Darvinovu teoriju

by showing that facial feedback

tako što su pokazali da facijalna povratna reakcija

modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain,

menja neuronske procese

emocionalnih sadržaja u mozgu

in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.

na način koji pomaže da se osećamo bolje kada se smejemo.

Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism

Smejanje stimuliše naš mozak mehanizmom nagrade

na način na koji čak ni čokolada --

in a way that even chocolate --

a well-regarded pleasure inducer --

poznati nagradni potkrepljivač --

cannot match.

ne može da se poredi.

British researchers found that one smile

Britanski istraživači su otkrili da jedan osmeh

can generate the same level of brain stimulation

može proizvesti jednak nivo moždanih stimulacija

as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.

kao skoro 2000 štangli čokolade.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Wait --

Stanite. Ista studija je pokazala

The same study found that smiling is as stimulating

da je smejanje jednako stimulativno

as receiving up to 16,000 pounds sterling in cash.

kao da primite 16000 funti u kešu.

(Laughter)

To vam je kao 25 hiljada dolara za osmeh.

That's like 25 grand a smile.

It's not bad.

Nije to loše.

And think about it this way:

Razmislite o tome na ovaj način:

25,000 times 400 --

25000 puta 400 --

quite a few kids out there feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.

malo koje dete se tamo napolju

oseća kao Mark Cukerberg svaki dan.

(Laughter)

I za razliku od mnogo čokolade,

And unlike lots of chocolate,

lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.

mnogo osmeha vas može čak učiniti zdravijim.

Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones

Smejanje može smanjiti nivo

hormona koji izazivaju stres

like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,

kao što su kortizol, adrenalin i dopamin,

increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphins,

povećati nivo hormona koji povećavaju zadovoljstvo

kao što je endorfin

and reduce overall blood pressure.

i u globalu smanjiti krvni pritisak.

I ako to nije dovoljno,

And if that's not enough,

smiling can actually make you look good in the eyes of others.

smejanje može izgledati dobro

u očima drugih.

A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile,

Nedavna studija na Pen Stejt Univerzitetu

otkrila je da kada se smejete

you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,

ne samo da se činite dopadljivijim i prijatnijim,

već se doimate i kao kompetentniji.

but you actually appear to be more competent.

Tako da kada god želite da izgledate i dobro i kompetentno,

So whenever you want to look great and competent,

da smanjite stres

reduce your stress or improve your marriage,

ili popravite brak,

or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate

ili da se osećate kao da ste upravo pojeli gomilu vrhunske čokolade --

bez dodatnih kalorija pri tom --

without incurring the caloric cost,

or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,

ili kao da ste pronašli 25000 dolara u džepu

neke stare jakne koju niste nosili godinama,

ili kada želite da upotrebite supermoći

or whenever you want to tap into a superpower

that will help you and everyone around you

koje će pomoći vama i svima oko vas

live a longer, healthier, happier life,

da živite duži, zdraviji, srećniji život,

smejte se.

smile.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)