The hidden power of smiling | Ron Gutman

1,481,108 views ・ 2011-05-11

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Translator: Jasmin Panjeta Reviewer: Ena Mehić
Kada sam bio dijete želio sam postati super heroj.
00:16
When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero.
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00:18
I wanted to save the world and make everyone happy.
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Želio sam spasiti svijet i sve učiniti sretnim
Ali znao sam da su mi potrebne super moći
00:22
But I knew that I'd need superpowers to make my dreams come true.
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da bih ostvario svoje snove.
Uplovio bih u maštovita putovanja
00:26
So I used to embark on these imaginary journeys
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00:28
to find intergalactic objects from planet Krypton,
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da nađem intergalaktičke predmete sa planete Kripton,
00:31
which was a lot of fun, but didn't yield much result.
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Putovanja su bila zabavna,
ali nisu bila učinkovita.
00:35
When I grew up and realized
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Kada sam odrastao, shvatio sam
00:37
that science fiction was not a good source for superpowers,
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da naučna fantastika nije dobar izvor super moći.
00:40
I decided instead to embark on a journey of real science,
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Zato sam odlučio da započnem putovanje stvarne nauke
00:43
to find a more useful truth.
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da bih našao korisnu istinu.
00:45
I started my journey in California,
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Svoje putovanje sam počeo u Kaliforniji
00:48
with a UC Berkeley 30-year longitudinal study
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sa tridesetogodišnjom studijom kalifornijskog univerziteta Berkleya
00:51
that examined the photos of students in an old yearbook,
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koja je ispitala fotografije studenata
u starom godišnjaku,
00:55
and tried to measure their success and well-being throughout their life.
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te nastojala izmjeriti uspjeh i blagostanje
kroz njihov život.
00:59
By measuring the students' smiles,
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Kroz mjerenje njihovih osmjeha,
01:01
researchers were able to predict
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istraživači su bili u mogućnosti da predvide
01:03
how fulfilling and long-lasting a subject's marriage would be,
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koliko će ispunjen i dugotrajan
biti brak ispitanika,
01:07
(Laughter)
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koliko dobro će uraditi
01:09
how well she would score on standardized tests of well-being,
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opće testove blagostanja
01:12
and how inspiring she would be to others.
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te koliko će inspirativno djelovati na druge.
01:16
In another yearbook, I stumbled upon Barry Obama's picture.
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U drugom godišnjaku, naišao sam na sliku Barry Obame
Kada sam vidio njegovu sliku
01:20
When I first saw his picture,
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01:21
I thought that his superpowers came from his super collar.
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pomislio sam da njegove super moći dolaze od njegove kragne.
01:24
(Laughter)
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01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile.
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Ali sada znam da je sve bilo do njegovog osmjeha.
01:28
Another aha! moment came from a 2010 Wayne State University research project
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Još jedan a-ha! momenat
se desio tokom istraživačkog projekta Wayne državnog univerziteta 2010. godine
koji se ticao bejzbol kartica igrača Glavne lige
01:34
that looked into pre-1950s baseball cards of Major League players.
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prije 1950tih godina.
Istraživači su pronašli da
01:39
The researchers found that the span of a player's smile
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širina igračevog osmjeha
01:42
could actually predict the span of his life.
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može predvidjeti dužinu njegovog života.
01:45
Players who didn't smile in their pictures
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Igrači koji se nisu smiješili na svojim slikama
01:48
lived an average of only 72.9 years,
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u prosjeku su živjeli samo 72.9 godina,
01:51
where players with beaming smiles
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dok su igrači sa širokim osmjehom
01:53
lived an average of almost 80 years.
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živjeli u prosjeku skoro 80 godina.
01:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:58
The good news is that we're actually born smiling.
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Dobre vijesti su da se rađamo nasmijani.
02:01
Using 3D ultrasound technology,
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Koristeći tehnologiju 3D ultrazvuka
02:03
we can now see that developing babies appear to smile,
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možemo vidjeti da bebe izgledaju nasmijano,
čak i u stomaku.
02:07
even in the womb.
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Kada se rode --
02:09
When they're born, babies continue to smile --
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bebe nastavljaju da se smiješe --
02:12
initially, mostly in their sleep.
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u početku, najčešće dok spavaju.
02:14
And even blind babies smile
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Čak se i slijepe bebe smiješe
02:16
to the sound of the human voice.
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kada čuju ljudski glas.
02:19
Smiling is one of the most basic, biologically uniform
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Smijanje je jedan od osnovnih, biološki uniformisanih
02:22
expressions of all humans.
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izražaja svih ljudi.
02:24
In studies conducted in Papua New Guinea,
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U studijima rađenim u Papaua Nova Gvineja,
02:26
Paul Ekman, the world's most renowned researcher on facial expressions,
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Paul Ekman,
najpriznatiji svjetski istraživač izraza lica,
02:31
found that even members of the Fore tribe,
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je otkrio da se čak i članovi pelemna Fore,
02:34
who were completely disconnected from Western culture,
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koji su potpuno odsječeni od zapadne kulture,
02:37
and also known for their unusual cannibalism rituals,
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a također poznati po neuobičajnim kanibalističkim ritualima,
02:40
(Laughter)
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pripisuju osmijehe opisima situacija
02:42
attributed smiles to descriptions of situations
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02:44
the same way you and I would.
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na isti način kao što bih i ja.
Dakle, od Papau Nove Gvineje
02:47
So from Papua New Guinea
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02:48
to Hollywood
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do Holivuda
i sve do moderne umjetnosti u Pekingu,
02:52
all the way to modern art in Beijing,
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često se smiješimo,
02:55
we smile often,
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02:56
and use smiles to express joy and satisfaction.
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a smijemo se da bismo iskazali radost
i zadovoljstvo.
03:00
How many people here in this room smile more than 20 times per day?
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Koliko osoba u ovoj prostoriji
se nasmije više od 20 puta dnevno?
03:04
Raise your hand if you do.
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Podignite ruku ako ste to vi. Oh wow.
03:06
Oh, wow.
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Izvan ove prostorije,
03:08
Outside of this room,
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03:09
more than a third of us smile more than 20 times per day,
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više od jedne trećine se nasmije više od 20 puta na dan,
dok se manje od 14 posto
03:13
whereas less than 14 percent of us smile less than five.
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nasmije manje od pet puta.
03:17
In fact, those with the most amazing superpowers are actually children,
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Ustvari, oni koji posjeduju najnevjerovatnije super moći
su zapravo djeca
03:23
who smile as many as 400 times per day.
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koja se smiju više od 400 puta na dan.
Jeste li se ikada zapitali zašto kada smo oko djece
03:27
Have you ever wondered why being around children,
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koja se često smiješe
03:29
who smile so frequently, makes you smile very often?
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i mi se smiješimo češće?
03:34
A recent study at Uppsala University in Sweden
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Nedavna studija Univerziteta Uppsala u Švedskoj
otkrila je da je jako teško namrštiti se
03:37
found that it's very difficult to frown when looking at someone who smiles.
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dok gledamo nekoga ko se smiješi.
Pitate se zašto?
03:42
You ask why?
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03:43
Because smiling is evolutionarily contagious,
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Zato što je osmijeh evolutivno zarazan,
03:45
and it suppresses the control we usually have on our facial muscles.
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te potiskuje kontrolu
koju obično imamo nad mišičima lica.
Oponašajući osmijeh
03:51
Mimicking a smile and experiencing it physically
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i doživljujući ga fizički
03:54
helps us understand whether our smile is fake or real,
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pomaže nam da shvatimo da li je naš osmijeh lažan ili stvaran,
03:58
so we can understand the emotional state of the smiler.
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tako da možemo razumjeti emocionalno stanje
osobe koja se smiješi.
04:02
In a recent mimicking study
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U nedavnoj studiji oponašanja
04:04
at the University of Clermont-Ferrand in France,
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na Univerzitetu Clermont-Ferrand u Francuskoj
04:07
subjects were asked to determine whether a smile was real or fake
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ispitanici su bili pitani da odrede
da li je osmijeh stvaran ili lažan
04:11
while holding a pencil in their mouth to repress smiling muscles.
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dok drže olovku u ustima
da bi potisnula mišiće potrebne za osmijeh.
Bez olovke, ispitanici su bili odlični suci,
04:16
Without the pencil, subjects were excellent judges,
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04:18
but with the pencil in their mouth --
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ali sa olovkom u ustima
04:20
when they could not mimic the smile they saw --
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kada nisu mogli oponašati osmijeh koji su vidjeli,
04:23
their judgment was impaired.
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njihov sud je bio slabiji.
04:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:27
In addition to theorizing on evolution in "The Origin of Species,"
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Kao dodatak teoriji evolucije u "Porijeklu vrsta",
04:30
Charles Darwin also wrote the facial feedback response theory.
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Charles Darwin je također napisao
teoriju facijalnog povratnog odgovora.
Njegova teorija kaže
04:35
His theory states that the act of smiling itself actually makes us feel better,
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da čin osmijeha sam po sebi
čini da se osjećamo bolje--
04:40
rather than smiling being merely a result of feeling good.
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a ne da osmijeh bude samo rezultat
dobrog osjećanja.
04:44
In his study, Darwin actually cited a French neurologist, Guillaume Duchenne,
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U svojoj studiji,
Darwin zapravo citira francuskog neurologa, Guillaume Duchenne,
04:49
who sent electric jolts to facial muscles to induce and stimulate smiles.
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koji je koristio električne podražaje mišića na licu
da bi izazvao i stimulirao osmijehe.
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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Molim vas da ovo ne pokušavate kod kuće.
04:56
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:58
In a related German study,
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U srodnoj njemačkoj studiji,
05:00
researchers used fMRI imaging to measure brain activity
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istraživači su koristili slike nastale funkcionalnom magnetnom rezonancom
da izmjere aktivnosti mozga
05:04
before and after injecting Botox to suppress smiling muscles.
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prije i poslije ubrizgavanja botoksa
koji paralizira mišiće potrebne za osmjeh.
05:10
The finding supported Darwin's theory,
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Rezultati su potvrdili Darwinovu teoriju
05:12
by showing that facial feedback
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tako što su pokazali da facijalni izraz
05:14
modifies the neural processing of emotional content in the brain,
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podešava neurološke procese
emocionalnog sadržaja u mozgu
05:18
in a way that helps us feel better when we smile.
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na način da se osjećamo bolje kada se smijemo.
05:22
Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism
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Smijanje stimuliše mehanizam
na način koji čak ni čokolada --
05:25
in a way that even chocolate --
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05:26
a well-regarded pleasure inducer --
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poznati uzročnik zadovoljstva--
05:29
cannot match.
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ne može postići.
05:31
British researchers found that one smile
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Britanski istraživači su otkrili da jedan osmijeh
05:34
can generate the same level of brain stimulation
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može proizvesti isti nivo moždane stimulacije
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate.
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kao i do 2,000 tabli čokolade.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:42
Wait --
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Čekajte. Ista studija je otkrila
05:44
The same study found that smiling is as stimulating
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da je smijanje stimulativno kao i
05:47
as receiving up to 16,000 pounds sterling in cash.
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dobijanje 16,000 funti u gotovini.
05:52
(Laughter)
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To je kao 30 hiljada maraka po osmjehu.
05:53
That's like 25 grand a smile.
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05:54
It's not bad.
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Nije loše.
05:56
And think about it this way:
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Razmislite o tome ovako:
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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30,000 puta 400 --
06:00
quite a few kids out there feel like Mark Zuckerberg every day.
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jako puno se djece
osjeća kao Mark Zuckerberg svakoga dana.
06:04
(Laughter)
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Za razliku od čokolade,
06:06
And unlike lots of chocolate,
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06:07
lots of smiling can actually make you healthier.
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dosta smijanja vas zaista može učiniti zdravijim.
06:10
Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones
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Smijanje može pomoći da se smanji nivo
stresom izazvanih hormona
06:14
like cortisol, adrenaline and dopamine,
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kao što je kortizol, adrenalin i dopamin,
06:17
increase the level of mood-enhancing hormones like endorphins,
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povećati nivo hormona za dobro raspoloženje
kao što je endorfin
06:21
and reduce overall blood pressure.
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i smanjiti sveukupni krvni pritisak.
A ako ni to nije dosta,
06:24
And if that's not enough,
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06:25
smiling can actually make you look good in the eyes of others.
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smijanje vas može učiniti ljepšim
u očima drugih.
06:29
A recent study at Penn State University found that when you smile,
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Nedavna studija Penn Univerziteta
je otkrila da dok se smijete
06:33
you don't only appear to be more likable and courteous,
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ne samo da se činite više dopadljivim i uljudnijim,
već se činite sposobnijim.
06:37
but you actually appear to be more competent.
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Dakle kadgod želite da izgledate odlično i sposobno,
06:41
So whenever you want to look great and competent,
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da smanjite stres
06:43
reduce your stress or improve your marriage,
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ili poboljšate brak,
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate
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ili se osjećate kao da ste upravo pojeli gomilu kvalitetne čokolade --
bez povećanja unosa kalorija --
06:50
without incurring the caloric cost,
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06:52
or as if you found 25 grand in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn't worn for ages,
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ili kao da ste pronašli 30,000 maraka u džepu
stare jakne koju niste nosili godinama,
ili ako želite da dobijete super moć
06:58
or whenever you want to tap into a superpower
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07:01
that will help you and everyone around you
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koja će pomoći i vama i svima oko vas
07:04
live a longer, healthier, happier life,
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da živite duže, zdravije, sretnije,
Osmjehujte se.
07:08
smile.
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07:09
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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