5 ways to listen better | Julian Treasure | TED

Prevodilac: Марија Савић Lektor: Ana Zivanovic-Nenadovic

We are losing our listening.

Gubimo sposobnost slušanja.

We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,

Približno 60 posto vremena u komunikaciji provodimo slušajući.

but we're not very good at it.

Ali to nam ne ide baš dobro.

We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.

Pamtimo samo 25 posto onoga što čujemo.

Now -- not you, not this talk,

Ne vi, ne ovaj govor,

but that is generally true.

ali to je uglavnom tačno.

(Laughter)

Hajde da definišemo slušanje

Let's define listening as making meaning from sound.

kao davanje smisla zvuku.

It's a mental process,

To je mentalni proses,

and it's a process of extraction.

i to proces izvlačenja.

Da bismo to uradili, koristimo neke prilično zanimljive metode.

We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.

Jedna od njih je prepoznavanje šablona.

One of them is pattern recognition.

(Bučna masa ljudi) Recimo, ako na zabavi poput ove

(Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this,

if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up.

ja kažem: „Dejvide, Saro, obratite pažnju“,

neki od vas će jednostavno ustati.

We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal,

Šablone prepoznajemo

da bismo razlikovali zvuk od signala,

and especially our name.

naročito naša imena.

Differencing is another technique we use.

Drugi metod je razlikovanje.

If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,

Ako bi se ovaj šum čuo duže od nekoliko minuta,

(Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it.

bukvalno ga više ne biste čuli.

Mi slušamo razlike,

We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.

a odbacujemo zvuke koji se ne menjaju.

A postoji i mnogo različitih filtera.

And then there is a whole range of filters.

Ovi filteri nam pomažu da od svega što čujemo

These filters take us from all sound

down to what we pay attention to.

obratimo pažnju na samo nešto.

Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters.

Većina ljudi je potpuno nesvesna

postojanja ovih filtera.

But they actually create our reality in a way,

Ali oni, na neki način, oblikuju našu stvarnost

because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.

jer nas upućuju na ono na šta trenutno obraćamo pažnju.

I'll give you one example of that.

Daću vam jedan primer:

Intention is very important in sound, in listening.

u zvuku, u slušanju, namera je jako bitna.

When I married my wife,

Kada sam se oženio,

I promised her I would listen to her every day

obećao sam svojoj ženi da ću je slušati svakog dana

as if for the first time.

kao da je prvi put.

E, sad, to ne ispunjavam baš svaki dan.

Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.

Ali bi bilo super imati takav odnos u vezi.

(Laughter)

Ali, to nije sve.

But that's not all.

Zvuk nas smešta u prostor i vreme.

Sound places us in space and in time.

Ako biste sada zatvorili oči, dok ste u ovoj prostoriji,

If you close your eyes right now in this room,

you're aware of the size of the room

bili biste svesni njene veličine

zahvaljujući odjeku

from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces;

i odbijanju zvuka o površine.

you're aware of how many people are around you,

I bili biste svesni koliko vas ljudi okružuje

zahvaljujući mikro zvuku koji postoji.

because of the micro-noises you're receiving.

And sound places us in time as well,

Zvuk nas smešta i u vreme,

because sound always has time embedded in it.

jer zvuk uvek

uključuje i vreme.

In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way

U stvari, ja smatram da je slušanje glavni način

that we experience the flow of time

na koji stičemo svest o protoku vremena

from past to future.

od prošlosti ka budućnosti.

Zato je, „Zvučnost je vreme i značenje“ sjajna izreka.

So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.

Na početku sam rekao da gubimo sposobnost slušanja.

I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.

Zašto sam to rekao?

Why did I say that?

Well, there are a lot of reasons for this.

Pa, postoji mnogo razloga.

First of all, we invented ways of recording --

Prvo, izumeli smo načine snimanja:

prvo pisanje, zatim zvučno snimanje,

first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well.

a sad postoji i video snimanje.

The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared.

Nagrada za precizno i pažljivo slušanje

jednostavno je nestala.

Secondly, the world is now so noisy,

Drugo, svet je sada toliko bučan,

(Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily,

(buka) kakofonija ne prestaje,

vizuelna i zvučna,

it's just hard to listen;

pa je slušanje jako teško

it's tiring to listen.

i zamorno.

Many people take refuge in headphones,

Mnogi utočište pronalaze u slušalicama,

but they turn big, public spaces like this,

ali oni javna mesta poput ovog pretvaraju u

shared soundscapes,

podeljena zvučna utočišta,

into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.

u bezbroj majušnih, ličnih zvučnih mehura.

In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.

Tu niko nikog ne sluša.

Postajemo nestrpljivi.

We're becoming impatient.

Više ne želimo retorike,

We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites.

nego zvučne porcije.

And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --

A umetnost razgovaranja,

bojim se, biva zamenjena

by personal broadcasting.

ličnim emitovanjem.

I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,

Ne znam koliko slušanja postoji u ovom razgovoru,

što je, nažalost, veoma česta pojava,

which is sadly very common, especially in the UK.

naročito u U.K.

We're becoming desensitized.

Postajemo neosetljivi.

Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines

Mediji naslovima moraju da vrište na nas

in order to get our attention.

da bi nam privukli pažnju.

And that means it's harder for us to pay attention

A to znači da je nama teže da obratimo pažnju

na tiho, suptilno,

to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.

neizrečeno.

This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.

Gubljenje sposobnosti slušanja ozbiljan je problem.

This is not trivial,

I nije nebitno.

because listening is our access to understanding.

Jer je slušanje naš pristup razumevanju.

Svesno slušanje uvek dovodi do razumevanja.

Conscious listening always creates understanding,

and only without conscious listening

A bez svesnog slušanja

can these things happen.

može da se desi da

A world where we don't listen to each other at all

svet u kome ljudi ne slušaju jedni druge

postane zaista zastrašujuće mesto.

is a very scary place indeed.

Zato bih voleo da sa vama podelim

So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises,

pet jednostavnih vežbi koje treba zapamtiti

tools you can take away with you,

kako biste poboljšali sposobnost svesnog slušanja.

to improve your own conscious listening.

Da li biste to želeli?

Would you like that?

Audience: Yes!

(Publika: Da.) Dobro.

Good. The first one is silence.

Prva je tišina.

Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise

Samo tri minuta tišine dnevno

divna je vežba

to reset your ears and to recalibrate,

da ponovo podesite svoje uši

so that you can hear the quiet again.

tako da možete ponovo da čujete tišinu.

Ako nemate apsolutnu tišinu,

If you can't get absolute silence,

go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.

potražite tiho mesto, i to je u redu.

Second, I call this "the mixer."

Drugu vežbu zovem mikser.

(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --

(Buka) Jer čak i ako ste u bučnom okruženju poput ovog -

a svi provodimo dosta vremena na ovakvim mestima -

and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --

listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear?

u kafiću slušajte

koliko zvučnih kanala možete čuti.

How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?

Koliko pojedinačnih kanala u toj mešavini slušam?

You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.

Pokušajte i na lepšim mestima, poput jezera.

Koliko ptica čujem?

How many birds am I hearing?

Where are they? Where are those ripples?

Gde su? Odakle se čuje žuborenje?

It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.

Ova vežba je sjajna

za poboljšavanje kvaliteta svoje sposobnosti slušanja.

Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise.

Treću vežbu zovem naslađivanjem,

i divna je vežba.

It's about enjoying mundane sounds.

Radi se o uživanju u svakodnevnim zvucima.

This, for example, is my tumble dryer.

Recimo, ovo je zvuk moje mašine za sušenje veša.

(Dryer)

(sušenje) Ovo je valcer.

It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three.

Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri. Je'n, dva, tri.

Obožavam je.

I love it!

Or just try this one on for size.

Ili, zbog veličine, poslušajte ovo.

(Coffee grinder)

(Mlin za kafu)

Wow!

Opa!

So, mundane sounds can be really interesting --

Tako da i svakodnevni zvuci mogu biti jako zanimljivi ako obratite pažnju.

if you pay attention.

To zovem skrivenim horom.

I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time.

Sve vreme je oko nas.

Sledeća vežba je

The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these,

verovatno najvažnija od ovih pet,

ako uklonite samo jedno.

if you just take one thing away.

This is listening positions --

To su položaji za slušanje:

the idea that you can move your listening position

možete da promenite položaj za slušanje

u položaj koji više odgovara onome što slušate.

to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.

To predstavlja igranje sa onim filterima.

This is playing with those filters.

Setite se, pomenuo sam te filtere na početku.

Remember I gave you those filters?

Ovo je igranje sa njima kao sa polugama

It's starting to play with them as levers,

da bismo ih postali svesni i da bismo otišli na drugo mesto.

to get conscious about them and to move to different places.

Ovo su samo neki od položaja,

These are just some of the listening positions,

ili skale položaja za slušanje, koje možete koristiti.

or scales of listening positions, that you can use.

There are many.

Ima ih mnogo.

Have fun with that. It's very exciting.

Zabavljajte se sa njima. Jako je zanimljivo.

And finally, an acronym.

I konačno, akronim.

You can use this in listening, in communication.

Ovo možete koristiti prilikom slušanja i komunikacije.

If you're in any one of those roles --

Ako ste u bilo kojoj od ovih uloga -

and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --

a mislim da svi koji slušaju ovaj govor jesu -

the acronym is RASA,

akronim je RASA,

which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence."

a to je reč iz sanskrita

koja označava sok ili suštinu.

And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person;

RASA predstavlja Recepciju,

što znači da obraćamo pažnju na osobu;

Cenjenje, slanje malih signala,

"Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK";

poput aha, oh, dobro;

"Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication;

Sumiranje, jer je reč „dakle“ jako važna u komunikaciji;

i Zapitkivanje, postavljanje pitanja kasnije.

and "Ask," ask questions afterwards.

Now sound is my passion, it's my life.

E, sad, zvuk je moja strast, moj život.

I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.

Napisao sam i knjigu o zvuku. Dakle, živim da bih slušao.

Bilo bi previše tražiti to od većine ljudi.

That's too much to ask for most people.

Ali verujem da je svim ljudima

But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously

potrebno da svesno slušaju

in order to live fully --

da bi živeli u potpunosti -

povezani u vremenu i prostoru

connected in space and in time to the physical world around us,

sa fizičkim svetom koji nas okružuje,

connected in understanding to each other,

povezani međusobnim razumevanjem,

a da ne pominjem i duhovnu povezanost,

not to mention spiritually connected,

jer svaki duhovni put za koji znam

because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation

ima slušanje i kontemplaciju

u svojoj suštini.

at its heart.

That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill.

Zato

je potrebno u školama učiti slušanje

kao veštinu.

Why is it not taught? It's crazy.

Zašto se slušanje ne uči? To je ludost.

A ako bismo slušanje učili u školi,

And if we can teach listening in our schools,

we can take our listening off that slippery slope

slušanje bi od nesigurnog prešlo

to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about,

u onaj opasni, strašni svet o kome sam govorio

and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time,

i pretvorilo ga u svet u kome svi svesno slušaju sve vreme -

or at least capable of doing it.

ili su bar sposobni za to.

Now, I don't know how to do that,

Ne znam kako to da uradimo,

but this is TED,

ali ovo je TED,

and I think the TED community is capable of anything.

a mislim da je zajednica TED sposobna za sve.

So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,

Zato vas pozivam da se povežete sa mnom i jedni sa drugima,

take this mission out.

da se misija raširi i da se slušanje uči u školi,

And let's get listening taught in schools,

i da se kroz jednu generaciju svet pretvori u svesno slušanje -

and transform the world in one generation

to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection,

u svet povezanosti,

a world of understanding

svet razumevanja i mira.

and a world of peace.

Thank you for listening to me today.

Hvala vam što ste me danas slušali.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)