5 ways to listen better | Julian Treasure | TED

Translator: Johann Trinidad Reviewer: Schubert Malbas

We are losing our listening.

Nawawala ang ating pakikinig.

We spend roughly 60 percent of our communication time listening,

Higit kumulang 60 porsyento ng ating oras sa pakikipag-usap ay nagagamit sa pakikinig,

but we're not very good at it.

ngunit hindi natin ito pinagbubutihan.

We retain just 25 percent of what we hear.

25 porsyento lang ng ating naririnig ang ating natatandaan.

Now -- not you, not this talk,

Hindi naman ikaw, hindi dito,

but that is generally true.

pero madalas ay totoo ito.

(Laughter)

Isalarawan natin ang pakikinig

Let's define listening as making meaning from sound.

bilang pagbibigay kahulugan sa tunog.

It's a mental process,

Ito'y proseso sa utak,

and it's a process of extraction.

at proseso ng paghugot ng kahulugan.

May mga astig na paraan tayo upang gawin ito.

We use some pretty cool techniques to do this.

Isa sa kanila ang pagkilala ng mga pattern.

One of them is pattern recognition.

(Ingay ng mga tao) Kaya, sa isang cocktail party gaya nito,

(Crowd noises) So in a cocktail party like this,

if I say, "David, Sara, pay attention" -- some of you just sat up.

kung sabihin ko, "David, Sara, makinig kayo,"'

ilan sa inyo ang walang kibo.

We recognize patterns to distinguish noise from signal,

Nakakapansin tayo ng patterns

para mahiwalay ang ingay sa signal,

and especially our name.

at lalong lalo na ang ating pangalan.

Differencing is another technique we use.

Differencing ay isa pang paraan na ginagamit natin.

If I left this pink noise on for more than a couple of minutes,

Kung sakaling iiwan ko ang pink noise na ito ng ilang minuto,

(Pink noise) you would literally cease to hear it.

titigil nalang bigla ang pandinig mo.

Pinakikinggan natin ang naiiba,

We listen to differences; we discount sounds that remain the same.

binabawas natin ang mga tunog na hindi nagbabago.

Mayroon iba't ibang klaseng filter.

And then there is a whole range of filters.

Nilalakbay tayo ng mga filter na ito mula sa kabuuang ingay

These filters take us from all sound

down to what we pay attention to.

tungo sa kung anong pinakikinggan natin.

Most people are entirely unconscious of these filters.

Hindi namamalayan ng karamihan

ang mga filter na ito.

But they actually create our reality in a way,

Pero, hinuhubog nila ang ating realidad,

because they tell us what we're paying attention to right now.

dahil sinasabi nila sa ating kung ano ang pinapansin natin ngayon.

I'll give you one example of that.

Bibigyan kita ng isang halimbawa:

Intention is very important in sound, in listening.

Ang intensyon ay napakahalaga sa tunog, sa pakikinig.

When I married my wife,

Nung pinakasalan ko ang aking asawa,

I promised her I would listen to her every day

pinangako kong pakikinggan ko siya araw-araw

as if for the first time.

na para bang unang beses kaming nagkita.

Hindi ko naman laging nagagawa iyon.

Now that's something I fall short of on a daily basis.

(Tawanan)

(Laughter)

But it's a great intention to have in a relationship.

Ngunit napakagandang hangarin iyon sa isang pakikipagrelasyon.

(Laughter)

Hindi lang iyon.

But that's not all.

Sinasabi din ng tunog ang ating kinalalagyan sa kalawakan at panahon.

Sound places us in space and in time.

Kung ipipikit mo ang iyong mga mata sa kuwartong ito,

If you close your eyes right now in this room,

you're aware of the size of the room

masasabi mo pa ring malaki ang bulwagang ito

dahil sa alingawngaw

from the reverberation and the bouncing of the sound off the surfaces;

at sa pagbalik ng tunog mula sa mga pader.

you're aware of how many people are around you,

At alam mo kung gaano karami ang taong nakapaligid sa iyo

dahil sa micro-noises na natatanggap mo.

because of the micro-noises you're receiving.

And sound places us in time as well,

At linulugar din tayo ng tunog sa oras,

because sound always has time embedded in it.

dahil ang tunog ay laging

may oras na nakatatak.

In fact, I would suggest that our listening is the main way

Sa katunayan, tingin ko, ang pakikinig ang pangunahing paraan

that we experience the flow of time

na nararanasan natin ang paglipas ng panahon

from past to future.

mula sa nakaraan hanggang hinaharap.

Kaya, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- napakagandang quote.

So, "Sonority is time and meaning" -- a great quote.

Sinabi ko kanina, nawawala na ang ating pakikinig.

I said at the beginning, we're losing our listening.

Paano ko nasabi yun?

Why did I say that?

Well, there are a lot of reasons for this.

May maraming dahilan.

First of all, we invented ways of recording --

Una, naka-imbento tayo ng paraan ng pagrerecord --

una pagsusulat, sumunod audio recording

first writing, then audio recording and now video recording as well.

at ngayon video recording.

The premium on accurate and careful listening has simply disappeared.

Ang pagpapahalaga sa eksakto at maingat na pakikinig

ay nawala na lang bigla.

Secondly, the world is now so noisy,

Pangalawa, napaka-ingay na ng mundo,

(Noise) with this cacophony going on visually and auditorily,

(Ingay) sa ingay nito

sa mata at sa tenga,

it's just hard to listen;

mahirap talagang makinig;

it's tiring to listen.

nakakapagod makinig.

Many people take refuge in headphones,

Karamihan sa atin ay nagtatago sa headphones,

but they turn big, public spaces like this,

kaya't ang mga malalaki at pampublikong lugar gaya nito,

shared soundscapes,

isang buong soundscape,

into millions of tiny, little personal sound bubbles.

ay nahahati sa milyun-milyong maliliit na bula.

In this scenario, nobody's listening to anybody.

Sa ganitong tagpo, walang nakikinig sa kahit kanino.

Madali tayong mainip.

We're becoming impatient.

Ayaw na nating makinig ng mahahabang talumpati,

We don't want oratory anymore; we want sound bites.

mas gusto natin sound bites.

And the art of conversation is being replaced -- dangerously, I think --

At ang sining ng pakikipag-usap

ay napapalitan -- mapanganib, sa tingin ko --

by personal broadcasting.

ng personal broadcasting.

I don't know how much listening there is in this conversation,

HIndi ko alam kung gaano karami ang nakikinig sa usapang ito,

na karaniwang nangyayari,

which is sadly very common, especially in the UK.

lalo na sa U.K.

We're becoming desensitized.

Nagiging manhid na tayo.

Our media have to scream at us with these kinds of headlines

Kailangan tayong sigawan ng ating media gamit ang mga headline na ito

in order to get our attention.

upang sila'y pansinin natin.

And that means it's harder for us to pay attention

Mas mahirap para sa atin ang makinig

sa tahimik, sa pino,

to the quiet, the subtle, the understated.

sa hindi nababanggit.

This is a serious problem that we're losing our listening.

Malala ang problema ng pagkawala ng ating pakikinig.

This is not trivial,

Hindi ito dapat balewalain.

because listening is our access to understanding.

Dahil ang pakikinig ang daan sa pag-unawa.

Ang kusang pakikinig ay lumilikha ng pag-unawa.

Conscious listening always creates understanding,

and only without conscious listening

At kung hindi tayo nakikinig ng kusa

can these things happen.

ito ang nangyayari --

A world where we don't listen to each other at all

isang mundo na walang nagkakarinigan,

talagang nakakatakot.

is a very scary place indeed.

Kaya gusto kong ibahagi sa inyo

So I'd like to share with you five simple exercises,

ang 5 simpleng ensayo, na maari mong gamitin

tools you can take away with you,

upang mahasa ang ating pakikinig ng kusa.

to improve your own conscious listening.

Gusto mo ba yun?

Would you like that?

Audience: Yes!

(Audience: Oo) Mabuti.

Good. The first one is silence.

Ang una ay katahimikan.

Just three minutes a day of silence is a wonderful exercise

Tatlong minuto lang bawat araw ng katahimikan

ay napakagandang ensayo

to reset your ears and to recalibrate,

para iakma at timplahin ang iyong tenga

so that you can hear the quiet again.

upang marinig mo muli ang katahimikan.

Kung hindi pwede ang ganap na katahimikan,

If you can't get absolute silence,

go for quiet, that's absolutely fine.

kahit kaunting katahimikan lang, sapat na.

Second, I call this "the mixer."

Pangalawa, ang tawag ko dito ay mixer.

(Noise) So even if you're in a noisy environment like this --

(Ingay) Kahit nasa isang maingay kang lugar gaya nito --

at maraming oras tayong nasa maiingay na lugar gaya nito --

and we all spend a lot of time in places like this --

listen in the coffee bar to how many channels of sound can I hear?

halimbawa sa isang kapihan,

ilang uri ng tunog ang naririnig mo?

How many individual channels in that mix am I listening to?

Ilang uri ng tunog ang kusang pinakikinggan mo?

You can do it in a beautiful place as well, like in a lake.

Maari din itong gawin sa isang magandang lugar, gaya ng sa lawa.

Ilang ibon ang naririnig ko?

How many birds am I hearing?

Where are they? Where are those ripples?

Nasaan sila? Nasaan ang maliliit na alon ng tubig?

It's a great exercise for improving the quality of your listening.

Ito'y mainam

upang umangat ang kalidad ng ating pakikinig.

Third, this exercise I call "savoring," and this is a beautiful exercise.

Pangatlo, tinatawag ko itong savoring,

at napakagandang ensayo nito.

It's about enjoying mundane sounds.

Tungkol ito sa paglasap sa pangkaraniwan.

This, for example, is my tumble dryer.

Ito, halimbawa, ang aking tumble dryer.

(Dryer)

(Dryer) Ito ay waltz.

It's a waltz -- one, two, three; one, two, three; one, two, three.

Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo. Isa, dalawa, tatlo.

Ang sarap pakinggan.

I love it!

Or just try this one on for size.

O subukan niyo naman ito.

(Coffee grinder)

(Coffee grinder)

Wow!

Wow!

So, mundane sounds can be really interesting --

Nakakaaliw ang mga pangkaraniwan, kung papansinin niyo lang.

if you pay attention.

Tinatatawag ko itong nakatagong koro.

I call that the "hidden choir" -- it's around us all the time.

Napapaligiran tayo nito sa lahat ng oras.

Ang susunod na ensayo

The next exercise is probably the most important of all of these,

ang pinakamahalaga sa lahat ng mga ito,

kung pipili ka lang ng isa.

if you just take one thing away.

This is listening positions --

Ito ang mga uri ng pakikinig --

the idea that you can move your listening position

ang ideya na kaya mong baguhin ang uri ng pakikinig

ayon sa nababagay.

to what's appropriate to what you're listening to.

Ito ang paglalaro ng mga filter mo.

This is playing with those filters.

Naaalala niyo ang binanggit kong mga filter kanina.

Remember I gave you those filters?

Ito ang paggamit sa kanila bilang lever,

It's starting to play with them as levers,

at meron tayo nito lagi kahit saan tayo magpunta.

to get conscious about them and to move to different places.

Iilan lang ito sa iba't ibang uri ng pakikinig,

These are just some of the listening positions,

o mga antas ng pakikinig, na maari mong gamitin.

or scales of listening positions, that you can use.

There are many.

Marami yan.

Have fun with that. It's very exciting.

Sana masiyahan ka. Nakasisigla.

And finally, an acronym.

At panghuli, isang acronym.

You can use this in listening, in communication.

Magagamit mo ito sa pakikinig, sa pakikipag-usap.

If you're in any one of those roles --

Kung isa ka sa mga ito --

and I think that probably is everybody who's listening to this talk --

at sa tingin ko, kabilang kayong lahat dito --

the acronym is RASA,

ang acronym ay RASA,

which is the Sanskrit word for "juice" or "essence."

na salitang Sanskrit

para sa katas o katangian.

And RASA stands for "Receive," which means pay attention to the person;

ang kahulugan ng RASA ay R for Receive (Tumanggap),

ibig sabihin ay bigyang pansin ang tao;

Appreciate (Pahalagahan), gumawa ng tunog

"Appreciate," making little noises like "hmm," "oh," "OK";

gaya ng "hmm", "oh", "okay";

"Summarize" -- the word "so" is very important in communication;

Summarize (Sumahin), napakahalaga ng salitang "so" sa pakikipag-usap;

at Ask (Magtanong), magtanong pagkatapos.

and "Ask," ask questions afterwards.

Now sound is my passion, it's my life.

Hilig ko ang mga tunog, ito ang buhay ko.

I wrote a whole book about it. So I live to listen.

Nakapagsulat ako ng isang libro tungkol dito. Nabubuhay ako upang makinig.

Mahirap itong hilingin mula sa karamihan.

That's too much to ask for most people.

Pero naniniwala ako na ang bawat tao

But I believe that every human being needs to listen consciously

ay kailangang makinig ng kusa

in order to live fully --

upang lubusang mabuhay --

nakaugnay sa kalawakan at oras

connected in space and in time to the physical world around us,

sa pisikal na mundong ginagalawan,

connected in understanding to each other,

nakaugnay sa pag-unawa sa isa't isa,

nakaugnay sa ispiritwal na aspeto,

not to mention spiritually connected,

dahil ang alam ko, lahat ng ispiritwal na landas

because every spiritual path I know of has listening and contemplation

ay binubuo ng pakikinig at pagninilay

sa puso nito.

at its heart.

That's why we need to teach listening in our schools as a skill.

Iyan ang dahilan kung bakit

kailangan nating ituro ang pakikinig sa ating mga paaralan

bilang isang kasanayan.

Why is it not taught? It's crazy.

Bakit hindi ito tinuturo? Nakakabaliw.

Kung maituturo natin ang pakikinig sa paaralan,

And if we can teach listening in our schools,

we can take our listening off that slippery slope

maiiwasan natin ang landas tungo

to that dangerous, scary world that I talked about,

sa masalimuot at nakakatakot na mundong naikuwento ko

and move it to a place where everybody is consciously listening all the time,

at papunta sa isang mundo kung saan lahat ay kusang nakikinig sa lahat ng oras --

or at least capable of doing it.

o kahit marunong man lang makinig.

Now, I don't know how to do that,

Ngayon, hindi ko alam kung papano gawin iyon,

but this is TED,

pero, ito ang TED,

and I think the TED community is capable of anything.

at sa tingin ko kaya ng mga taga-TED ang kahit ano.

So I invite you to connect with me, connect with each other,

Kaya inaanyayahan ko kayong makipag-ugnay sa akin, sa isa't isa,

take this mission out.

gawing layunin ito at magawang ituro ang pakikinig sa paaralan,

And let's get listening taught in schools,

at mabago ang mundo sa henerasyong ito, tungo sa isang mundong nakikinig ng kusa --

and transform the world in one generation

to a conscious, listening world -- a world of connection,

isang mundo naka-ugnay,

a world of understanding

isang mundo nakakaunawa at payapa.

and a world of peace.

Thank you for listening to me today.

Maraming salamat sa inyong pakikinig ngayon.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)