Your Body Language May Shape Who You Are | Amy Cuddy | TED

26,335,233 views ใƒป 2012-10-01

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
ืžืชืจื’ื: Yubal Masalker ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:15
So I want to start by offering you a free no-tech life hack,
1
15967
5398
ืืชื—ื™ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืฉืืชืŸ ืœื›ื
ืขืฆื” ืขืžืžื™ืช ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉื™ืช,
00:21
and all it requires of you is this:
2
21389
2597
ื•ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ื”ื•ื ื–ื”:
00:24
that you change your posture for two minutes.
3
24010
4163
ืฉืชืฉื ื• ืืช ืชื ื•ื—ืชื›ื ืœืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช.
00:28
But before I give it away, I want to ask you to right now
4
28197
3400
ืื‘ืœ ืœืคื ื™ ื–ื”, ืื‘ืงืฉื›ื ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืช ื’ื•ืคื›ื
00:31
do a little audit of your body and what you're doing with your body.
5
31621
3569
ื•ืืช ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื™ืชื•.
00:35
So how many of you are sort of making yourselves smaller?
6
35214
2691
ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ื›ื–ื” ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื?
00:37
Maybe you're hunching, crossing your legs, maybe wrapping your ankles.
7
37929
3321
ืื•ืœื™ ืืชื ืžื’ื‘ื ื™ื, ืžืฆืœื™ื‘ื™ื ืจื’ืœื™ื™ื,
ืžื›ื•ืคืคื™ื ืงืจืกื•ืœื™ื™ื.
00:41
Sometimes we hold onto our arms like this.
8
41274
3715
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื• ืžื—ื–ื™ืงื™ื ืืช ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืชื™ื ื• ื›ื›ื”.
00:45
Sometimes we spread out. (Laughter)
9
45013
3647
ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื ื• ืžืชืžืชื—ื™ื.
00:48
I see you.
10
48684
2248
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืชื›ื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
00:50
So I want you to pay attention to what you're doing right now.
11
50956
2991
ืื‘ืงืฉื›ื ืœืฉื™ื ืœื‘ ืœืžื” ืฉืืชื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•.
00:53
We're going to come back to that in a few minutes,
12
53971
2334
ื ื—ื–ื•ืจ ืœื–ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช,
ื‘ืชืงื•ื” ืฉืื ืชืœืžื“ื• ืœื›ื•ื•ื ืŸ ื–ืืช ืงืฆืช,
00:56
and I'm hoping that if you learn to tweak this a little bit,
13
56329
2924
00:59
it could significantly change the way your life unfolds.
14
59277
3412
ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชืคืชื—ื™ื.
01:02
So, we're really fascinated with body language,
15
62713
4500
ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืจืชืงืช ืื•ืชื ื•,
01:07
and we're particularly interested in other people's body language.
16
67237
3899
ื•ืื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“
ื‘ืฉืคืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
01:11
You know, we're interested in, like, you know โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
17
71160
4197
ืื ื• ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื, ื›ื™ื“ื•ืข -- (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:15
an awkward interaction, or a smile,
18
75381
4374
ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ืื• ื—ื™ื•ืš ืžื•ื–ืจื™ื,
01:19
or a contemptuous glance, or maybe a very awkward wink,
19
79779
4208
ืื• ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื‘ื•ื–, ืื• ืžื™ืฆืžื•ืฅ ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืชืžื•ื”,
01:24
or maybe even something like a handshake.
20
84011
3214
ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ื›ืžื• ืœื—ื™ืฆืช-ื™ื“.
01:27
Narrator: Here they are arriving at Number 10.
21
87249
3325
ืงืจื™ื™ืŸ: ื”ื ื” ื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœ(ื‘ื™ืช) ืžืก' 10, ื•ืชืจืื• ืžื” ืงื•ืจื”,
ืฉื•ื˜ืจ ื‘ืจ-ืžื–ืœ ื–ื•ื›ื” ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ื™ื“ ืขื ื ืฉื™ื ืืจื”"ื‘.
01:30
This lucky policeman gets to shake hands with the President of the United States.
22
90598
4469
ืื‘ืœ, ื”ื ื” ืžื’ื™ืข
01:35
Here comes the Prime Minister -- No. (Laughter) (Applause)
23
95091
4903
ืจืืฉ-ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” -- ? ืœื. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
01:40
(Laughter) (Applause)
24
100018
2651
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
01:42
Amy Cuddy: So a handshake, or the lack of a handshake,
25
102693
3683
ืื– ืงื™ื•ื ืœื—ื™ืฆืช-ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืื• ืื™-ืงื™ื•ืžื”,
01:46
can have us talking for weeks and weeks and weeks.
26
106400
2500
ืžืกืคืงืช ืœื ื• ื—ื•ืžืจ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช.
01:48
Even the BBC and The New York Times.
27
108924
2116
ืืคื™ืœื• ืœ-BBC ื•ื”ื ื™ื•-ื™ื•ืจืง ื˜ื™ื™ืžืก.
01:51
So obviously when we think about nonverbal behavior,
28
111064
3927
ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช,
01:55
or body language -- but we call it nonverbals as social scientists --
29
115015
3364
ืื• ืขืœ ืฉืคืช-ื’ื•ืฃ -- ื‘ืชื•ืจ ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ืื ื• ืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœื–ื” ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช --
01:58
it's language, so we think about communication.
30
118403
2856
ื–ื• ืฉืคื”, ืœื›ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืขื•ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ ืจื•ื—ื ื• ื”ื™ื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช.
02:01
When we think about communication, we think about interactions.
31
121283
3003
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช, ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื•ืช.
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืžื” ืฉืคืช- ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœืš ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื™?
02:04
So what is your body language communicating to me?
32
124310
2415
02:06
What's mine communicating to you?
33
126749
2042
ื•ืžื” ืฉืœื™ ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื” ืœื›ื?
02:08
And there's a lot of reason to believe that this is a valid way to look at this.
34
128815
5948
ื™ืฉ ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ืœื”ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื”ื ื›ื•ื ื” ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื–ื”.
ืœื›ืŸ ืกื•ืฆื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื ื”ืงื“ื™ืฉื• ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘
02:14
So social scientists have spent a lot of time
35
134787
2244
ืœื—ืงื™ืจืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉืคืช-ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื•,
02:17
looking at the effects of our body language,
36
137055
2081
ืื• ืฉืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืขืœ ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืฉ ื”ื“ืขื•ืช.
02:19
or other people's body language, on judgments.
37
139160
2285
02:21
And we make sweeping judgments and inferences from body language.
38
141469
3415
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ืžืกื™ืงื™ื ืžืกืงื ื•ืช ื•ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœื”ื›ืจืขื•ืช ื›ื•ืœืœื ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืคืช-ื”ื’ื•ืฃ.
02:24
And those judgments can predict really meaningful life outcomes
39
144908
3966
ื”ื›ืจืขื•ืช ืืœื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
02:28
like who we hire or promote, who we ask out on a date.
40
148898
3769
ื›ืžื• ืืช ืžื™ ืื ื• ืžืขืกื™ืงื™ื ืื• ืžืงื“ืžื™ื, ืขื ืžื™ ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืื™ื ืœื“ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื.
02:32
For example, Nalini Ambady, a researcher at Tufts University,
41
152691
4661
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ื ืืœื™ื ื™ ืืžื‘ืื“ื™, ื—ื•ืงืจืช ืžืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ื˜ืคื˜ืก,
02:37
shows that when people watch 30-second soundless clips
42
157376
4448
ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ื ืื™ืœืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ืจืš 30 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช
02:41
of real physician-patient interactions,
43
161848
3000
ืขืœ ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื” ื”ืžืชืจื—ืฉืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืคื ืœืžื˜ื•ืคืœ,
02:44
their judgments of the physician's niceness
44
164872
2809
ื”ื“ืขื” ืฉื”ื ืžื’ื‘ืฉื™ื ืขืœ ื ื—ืžื“ื•ืช ื”ืจื•ืคื
02:47
predict whether or not that physician will be sued.
45
167705
2613
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื ื‘ื ืื ื”ืจื•ืคื ื™ื™ืชื‘ืข.
02:50
So it doesn't have to do so much
46
170342
1658
ื›ืš ืฉืื™ืŸ ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืงืฉืจ ืœืฉืืœื” ืื ื”ืจื•ืคื
02:52
with whether or not that physician was incompetent,
47
172024
2499
ื›ืฉื™ืจ ืื• ืœื, ืืœื ืงืฉืจ ืœืื ืื ื• ืžื—ื‘ื‘ื™ื
02:54
but do we like that person and how they interacted?
48
174547
2806
ืืช ื”ืื“ื ื•ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงืฆื™ื”.
02:57
Even more dramatic, Alex Todorov at Princeton
49
177377
2911
ื•ืื ืœื”ืงืฆื™ืŸ, ืืœื›ืก ื˜ื•ื“ื•ืจื•ื‘ ืžืคืจื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ืจืื”
03:00
has shown us that judgments of political candidates' faces
50
180312
3653
ืฉืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ื” ืื—ืช ื‘ืœื‘ื“ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืคื ื™ ืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช,
03:03
in just one second predict 70 percent
51
183989
3944
ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื ื‘ื 70 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœืกื ืื˜
03:07
of U.S. Senate and gubernatorial race outcomes,
52
187957
3826
ื•ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื™ื ื‘ืืจื”"ื‘,
03:11
and even, let's go digital,
53
191807
2198
ื•ืืคื™ืœื•, ืื ื ื”ื™ื” ืœืจื’ืข ื“ื™ื’ื™ื˜ืœื™ื™ื,
03:14
emoticons used well in online negotiations
54
194029
4121
ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืกืžืœื™ ื”ื‘ืขื” (ืคืจืฆื•ืคื™ื ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืจื™ื) ื‘ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ
03:18
can lead you to claim more value from that negotiation.
55
198174
2808
ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ื• ืœื”ืคื™ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ืžืฉื ื•ืžืชืŸ.
03:21
If you use them poorly, bad idea. Right?
56
201006
3199
ืื ืœื ื”ืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘ื”ื ื ื›ื•ืŸ, ืคื™ืฉืœืช.
03:24
So when we think of nonverbals, we think of how we judge others,
57
204229
3073
ืœื›ืŸ ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“
03:27
how they judge us and what the outcomes are.
58
207326
2878
ืื ื• ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื• ื•ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช.
03:30
We tend to forget, though, the other audience
59
210228
2096
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฉื›ื•ื— ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ
03:32
that's influenced by our nonverbals, and that's ourselves.
60
212348
3411
ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืข ืžืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขืฆืžื ื•.
03:35
We are also influenced by our nonverbals,
61
215783
3189
ื’ื ืื ื• ืžื•ืฉืคืขื™ื ืžื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•, ืžืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•,
03:38
our thoughts and our feelings and our physiology.
62
218996
2339
ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื ื•.
03:41
So what nonverbals am I talking about?
63
221359
3039
ืื– ืขืœ ืื™ื–ื• ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช?
03:44
I'm a social psychologist. I study prejudice,
64
224422
2919
ืื ื™ ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช. ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืงืจืช ื“ืขื•ืช ืงื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
03:47
and I teach at a competitive business school,
65
227365
2703
ืื ื™ ืžืœืžื“ืช ื‘ืžื›ืœืœื” ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ืขืกืงื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืชื—ืจื•ืชื™,
03:50
so it was inevitable that I would become interested in power dynamics.
66
230092
4460
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื–ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ืžื ืข ืฉืืชืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื—.
03:54
I became especially interested in nonverbal expressions
67
234576
3788
ื”ืชืขื ื™ื™ื ืชื™ ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื™ื
03:58
of power and dominance.
68
238388
1979
ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
04:00
And what are nonverbal expressions of power and dominance?
69
240391
2715
ื•ืžื”ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”?
04:03
Well, this is what they are.
70
243130
2059
ื”ื ื” ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื”ื.
04:05
So in the animal kingdom, they are about expanding.
71
245213
2854
ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื•ืช, ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชืžืชื—ื•ืช.
04:08
So you make yourself big, you stretch out,
72
248091
2986
ืืชื” ืžื’ื“ื™ืœ ืืช ืžื™ืžื“ื™ืš, ืืชื” ืžืชืžืชื—,
04:11
you take up space, you're basically opening up.
73
251101
2917
ืชื•ืคืก ืžืจื—ื‘, ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ืืชื” ื ืคืชื—.
04:14
It's about opening up.
74
254042
1922
ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื”ื™ืคืชื—ื•ืช. ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื›ืœ
04:15
And this is true across the animal kingdom.
75
255988
2731
ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ื—ื™ื•ืช. ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ืจืง ืœื™ื•ื ืงื™ื ื”ืžืคื•ืชื—ื™ื.
04:18
It's not just limited to primates.
76
258743
2025
ื’ื ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:21
And humans do the same thing. (Laughter)
77
261504
2684
04:24
So they do this both when they have power sort of chronically,
78
264212
3687
ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื›ื•ื— ื•ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ืžืชืžืฉื›ื™ื,
04:27
and also when they're feeling powerful in the moment.
79
267923
2977
ื•ื’ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืฉืœื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ืขื™.
04:30
And this one is especially interesting because it really shows us
80
270924
3048
ืชืžื•ื ื” ื–ื• ืžืขื ื™ื™ื ืช ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื›ื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืžื—ื™ืฉื” ื”ื™ื˜ื‘
04:33
how universal and old these expressions of power are.
81
273996
3998
ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ืืœื” ื”ื ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื™ื ื•ืขืชื™ืงื™ื.
04:38
This expression, which is known as pride,
82
278018
2575
ืชื ื•ืขื” ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื‘ืชื•ืจ ื’ืื•ื”,
04:40
Jessica Tracy has studied.
83
280617
2229
ื ื—ืงืจื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื’'ืกื™ืงื” ื˜ืจื™ื™ืกื™. ื”ื™ื ื”ืจืืชื”
04:42
She shows that people who are born with sight
84
282870
2883
ืฉื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžืกื•ื’ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
04:45
and people who are congenitally blind do this
85
285777
2917
ื•ื’ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ื•ืœื“ื• ืขื™ื•ื•ืจื™ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”
04:48
when they win at a physical competition.
86
288718
2290
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื’ื•ืคื ื™ืช.
04:51
So when they cross the finish line and they've won,
87
291032
2454
ื›ืš ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื—ื•ืฆื™ื ืืช ืงื• ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื›ืžื ืฆื—ื™ื,
04:53
it doesn't matter if they've never seen anyone do it.
88
293510
2477
ื–ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืื ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืจืื• ื‘ืขื‘ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืขื•ืฉื” ืื•ืชื”.
ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื”.
04:56
They do this.
89
296011
1293
ื”ื–ืจื•ืขื•ืช ืžื•ื ืคื•ืช ืžืขืœื” ื‘ืฆื•ืจืช ื”ืื•ืช V ื•ื”ืกื ื˜ืจ ืžื•ืจื ื‘ืžืขื˜.
04:57
So the arms up in the V, the chin is slightly lifted.
90
297328
2498
04:59
What do we do when we feel powerless?
91
299850
2063
ืžื” ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ืฉืื ื• ื—ืฉื™ื ื—ืกืจื™ ื›ื•ื—?
05:01
We do exactly the opposite.
92
301937
1755
ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ื”ื™ืคืš. ืื ื• ื ืกื’ืจื™ื. ืื ื• ืขื•ื˜ืคื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•.
05:03
We close up. We wrap ourselves up.
93
303716
2504
05:06
We make ourselves small.
94
306244
1344
ืื ื• ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•. ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ื—ืคืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ืชืงืœ ื‘ืื“ื ืฉืœื™ื“ื ื•.
05:07
We don't want to bump into the person next to us.
95
307612
2356
05:09
So again, both animals and humans do the same thing.
96
309992
2733
ืื– ืฉื•ื‘, ื‘ืขืœื™-ื—ื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ืื•ืชื• ื”ื“ื‘ืจ.
05:12
And this is what happens when you put together high and low power.
97
312749
3956
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื” ื›ืืฉืจ ืฉืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ื‘ืขืœ ืกืžื›ื•ืช
ืขื ื—ืกืจ ืกืžื›ื•ืช. ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ื ื•ื’ืข
05:16
So what we tend to do when it comes to power
98
316729
3102
ืœืžื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื—ืกื™ ื”ื›ื•ื— ื”ื•ื ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉื”ืื—ืจ ืžืฉื“ืจ.
05:19
is that we complement the other's nonverbals.
99
319855
2629
05:22
So if someone is being really powerful with us,
100
322508
2407
ื›ืš ืฉืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืคื’ื™ืŸ ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ื•ืช ื™ืชืจื” ื›ืœืคื™ื ื•,
05:24
we tend to make ourselves smaller. We don't mirror them.
101
324939
2620
ืื ื• ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื•. ืื ื• ืœื ืžื—ืงื™ื ืื•ืชื•.
05:27
We do the opposite of them.
102
327583
1590
ืื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื™ืคืš ืžืžื ื•.
05:29
So I'm watching this behavior in the classroom,
103
329197
3175
ืื ื™ ืฆื•ืคื” ื‘ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื–ื• ื‘ื›ื™ืชื”,
05:32
and what do I notice?
104
332396
2513
ื•ืžื” ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื”? ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืฉื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืื›ืŸ ืžืคื’ื™ื ื™ื
05:34
I notice that MBA students really exhibit the full range of power nonverbals.
105
334933
7229
ืืช ืžืœื•ื ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—ื ื™ืช.
05:42
So you have people who are like caricatures of alphas,
106
342186
2524
ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ืžื™ืŸ ืงืจื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื–ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื,
05:44
really coming into the room, they get right into the middle of the room
107
344734
3381
ืฉื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœื›ื™ืชื”, ืžืชื™ืฆื‘ื™ื ื™ืฉืจ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื”ื›ื™ืชื”
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืžืชื—ื™ืœ, ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ื‘ืืžืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืชืคื•ืก ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ื—ืœืœ.
05:48
before class even starts, like they really want to occupy space.
108
348139
3413
05:51
When they sit down, they're sort of spread out.
109
351576
2239
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืชื™ืฉื‘ื™ื, ื”ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืžืฉืชืจืขื™ื ื‘ืžืจื—ื‘.
05:53
They raise their hands like this.
110
353839
1734
ื”ื ืžืจื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื›ื›ื”.
05:55
You have other people who are virtually collapsing
111
355597
2611
ืœืขื•ืžืชื ืื—ืจื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื.
05:58
when they come in. As soon they come in, you see it.
112
358232
2500
ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื, ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช.
06:00
You see it on their faces and their bodies,
113
360756
2269
ืจื•ืื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืคื ื™ื”ื ื•ืขืœ ื’ื•ืคื. ื”ื ืžืชื™ืฉื‘ื™ื
06:03
and they sit in their chair and they make themselves tiny,
114
363049
2794
ื‘ื›ื™ืกืื•ืชื™ื”ื ื•ืžืงื˜ื™ื ื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื,
06:05
and they go like this when they raise their hand.
115
365867
2338
ื•ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื›ื” ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื.
06:08
I notice a couple of things about this.
116
368229
1858
ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื›ืžื” ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงืฉืจ ืœื–ื”.
ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืคืชื™ืข ืืชื›ื.
06:10
One, you're not going to be surprised.
117
370111
1810
06:11
It seems to be related to gender.
118
371945
2018
ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืžื™ื’ื“ืจ.
06:13
So women are much more likely to do this kind of thing than men.
119
373987
5441
ื ืฉื™ื ืขื•ืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื. ื ืฉื™ื ื—ืฉื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงื‘ื™
06:19
Women feel chronically less powerful than men,
120
379452
2562
ืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืžืืฉืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื,
06:22
so this is not surprising.
121
382038
1858
ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข. ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื
06:23
But the other thing I noticed
122
383920
2049
06:25
is that it also seemed to be related to the extent
123
385993
2642
ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช
06:28
to which the students were participating, and how well they were participating.
124
388659
3836
ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ื•ื‘ืื™ื›ื•ืช ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช.
06:32
And this is really important in the MBA classroom,
125
392519
2558
ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืžืื•ื“ ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื›ื™ืชืช ืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื,
06:35
because participation counts for half the grade.
126
395101
2657
ื›ื™ ื”ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื—ืฆื™ืช ืžื”ืฆื™ื•ืŸ.
06:37
So business schools have been struggling with this gender grade gap.
127
397782
4449
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืžื•ืกื“ื•ืช ืœื”ื•ืจืืช ืœืžื™ื ื”ืœ ืขืกืงื™ื ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ืคืขืจ ืžื™ื’ื“ืจื™ ื–ื”.
06:42
You get these equally qualified women and men coming in
128
402255
3248
ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื“ื” ืฉื•ื•ื”
06:45
and then you get these differences in grades,
129
405527
2143
ื•ืื– ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื,
06:47
and it seems to be partly attributable to participation.
130
407694
3065
ื•ื ืจืื” ืฉื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ื—ืœืงื™ืช ื‘ื”ืฉืชืชืคื•ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื.
06:50
So I started to wonder, you know, okay,
131
410783
2999
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืชื”ื•ืช, ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื
06:53
so you have these people coming in like this, and they're participating.
132
413806
3618
ืฉื‘ืื™ื ื›ื›ื”, ื•ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื.
ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื’ืจื•ื ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ืคื ื™ื
06:57
Is it possible that we could get people to fake it
133
417448
2529
07:00
and would it lead them to participate more?
134
420001
2000
ื•ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืื•ืชื ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ?
ืฉื•ืชืคืชื™ ื”ืงืจื•ื‘ื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื“ื ื” ืงืจื ื™, ืžื‘ืจืงืœื™,
07:02
So my main collaborator Dana Carney, who's at Berkeley,
135
422025
4589
07:06
and I really wanted to know, can you fake it till you make it?
136
426638
3531
ื•ืื ื•ื›ื™, ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื“ืขืช ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืขื“ ืฉืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื.
07:10
Like, can you do this just for a little while
137
430193
2527
ื”ืื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื›ื” ืœื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืœื”ืชื ืกื•ืช
07:12
and actually experience a behavioral outcome
138
432744
2652
ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื” ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช ื”ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœืš ืœื”ื™ืจืื•ืช ื›ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”?
07:15
that makes you seem more powerful?
139
435420
1702
07:17
So we know that our nonverbals govern how other people
140
437146
3428
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื—ืจื™ื
07:20
think and feel about us. There's a lot of evidence.
141
440598
2381
ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ื ื•. ื™ืฉ ืžืžืฆืื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื.
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ืชื”, ื”ืื ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื•
07:23
But our question really was,
142
443003
1422
07:24
do our nonverbals govern how we think and feel about ourselves?
143
444449
4040
ืงื•ื‘ืขืช ืžื” ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•?
07:28
There's some evidence that they do.
144
448513
2666
ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืขื“ื•ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ.
07:31
So, for example, we smile when we feel happy,
145
451203
4612
ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื, ืื ื• ืžื—ื™ื™ื›ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ืฉืžื—ื™ื,
07:35
but also, when we're forced to smile
146
455839
2154
ืื‘ืœ ื’ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื• ื ืืœืฆื™ื ืœื—ื™ื™ืš
07:38
by holding a pen in our teeth like this, it makes us feel happy.
147
458017
4391
ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ืขื˜ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื, ื›ื›ื”, ื–ื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื ื• ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉืžื—ื™ื.
07:42
So it goes both ways.
148
462432
1918
ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ื›ื•ื—,
07:44
When it comes to power, it also goes both ways.
149
464374
3782
ื’ื ืื– ื–ื” ืคื•ืขืœ ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ื. ืื ื—ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
07:48
So when you feel powerful,
150
468180
2524
07:50
you're more likely to do this,
151
470728
1771
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืขื•ืฉื™ื ื›ื›ื”, ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ืืคืฉืจื™
07:52
but it's also possible that when you pretend to be powerful,
152
472523
6178
ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ืžืขืžื™ื“ื™ื ืคื ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉื‘ืืžืช
07:58
you are more likely to actually feel powerful.
153
478725
3399
ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื›ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
08:02
So the second question really was, you know,
154
482148
3036
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื”ื™ืชื”,
08:05
so we know that our minds change our bodies,
155
485208
2559
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ,
08:07
but is it also true that our bodies change our minds?
156
487791
4393
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืื ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืฉื’ื ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืžืฉื ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช?
08:12
And when I say minds, in the case of the powerful,
157
492208
2703
ื•ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช,
08:14
what am I talking about?
158
494935
1348
ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื‘ืขืฆื ืžื“ื‘ืจืช?
08:16
So I'm talking about thoughts and feelings
159
496307
2142
ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจืช ืขืœ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืจื’ืฉื•ืช ื•ืขืœ
08:18
and the sort of physiological things that make up our thoughts and feelings,
160
498473
3572
ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ื ืืฉืจ ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ืจื’ืฉื•ืชื™ื ื•,
ื•ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื™, ืืœื” ื”ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ื.
08:22
and in my case, that's hormones. I look at hormones.
161
502069
3043
08:25
So what do the minds of the powerful versus the powerless look like?
162
505136
4310
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื ืจืื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”
ืœืขื•ืžืช ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื—ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”?
08:29
So powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly,
163
509470
4272
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืœื ืžืคืชื™ืข, ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื ื•ื˜ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
08:33
more assertive and more confident, more optimistic.
164
513766
4200
ื™ื•ืชืจ ืชืงื™ืคื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื™, ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื•ืคื˜ื™ืžื™ื™ื.
08:37
They actually feel they're going to win even at games of chance.
165
517990
3286
ื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื ืฆื—ื• ื‘ืžืฉื—ืงื™ ืžื–ืœ.
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื’ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ืคืฉื˜.
08:41
They also tend to be able to think more abstractly.
166
521300
3844
08:45
So there are a lot of differences. They take more risks.
167
525168
2620
ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื. ื”ื ื ื•ื˜ืœื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืกื™ื›ื•ื ื™ื.
08:47
There are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people.
168
527812
3239
ื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืœื—ืกืจื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
ืคื™ื–ื™ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช, ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ื™ ืžืคืชื—:
08:51
Physiologically, there also are differences
169
531075
2820
08:53
on two key hormones: testosterone, which is the dominance hormone,
170
533919
4041
ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”,
08:57
and cortisol, which is the stress hormone.
171
537984
3670
ื•ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ, ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ืŸ ื”ืžืชื— ื”ื ืคืฉื™.
09:01
So what we find is that high-power alpha males in primate hierarchies
172
541678
7121
ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื’ืœื™ื ื”ื•ื
ืฉื–ื›ืจื™ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื‘ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืงื•ืคื™ื,
09:08
have high testosterone and low cortisol,
173
548823
3174
ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ,
09:12
and powerful and effective leaders
174
552021
2908
ื•ื’ื ืœืžื ื”ื™ื’ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื•ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื™ืฉ ื™ื•ืชืจ
09:15
also have high testosterone and low cortisol.
175
555547
2231
ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื•ืคื—ื•ืช ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ.
09:17
So what does that mean? When you think about power,
176
557802
2381
ืžื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช ื”ื“ื‘ืจ? ืขื“ ื”ื™ื•ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื—ืฉื‘ื•
09:20
people tended to think only about testosterone,
177
560207
2299
ืขืœ ื›ื•ื—, ื ื˜ื• ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ืจืง ื‘ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ,
09:22
because that was about dominance.
178
562530
1764
ื›ื™ ื”ื•ื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”.
09:24
But really, power is also about how you react to stress.
179
564318
3446
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉื›ื•ื— ื–ื” ื’ื ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืžื’ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืฉืขืช ืœื—ืฅ.
09:27
So do you want the high-power leader that's dominant,
180
567788
3105
ื”ืื ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื—ื–ืง ืฉื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™,
09:30
high on testosterone, but really stress reactive?
181
570917
2718
ืžืœื ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืฉื ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืฆืจื”?
09:33
Probably not, right?
182
573659
1541
ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืœื. ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืื“ื
09:35
You want the person who's powerful and assertive and dominant,
183
575224
3030
ื—ื–ืง, ืชืงื™ืฃ ื•ื“ื•ืžื™ื ื ื˜ื™,
09:38
but not very stress reactive, the person who's laid back.
184
578278
3664
ืื‘ืœ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœื ื ืœื—ืฅ ื‘ืฉืขืช ืฆืจื”, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ ืื“ื ื ื™ื ื•ื—.
09:41
So we know that in primate hierarchies,
185
581966
5126
ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื‘ื”ื™ืจืจื›ื™ื” ืืฆืœ ืงื•ืคื™ื, ืื ื–ื›ืจ
09:47
if an alpha needs to take over,
186
587116
3068
ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืงื—ืช ืฉืœื™ื˜ื”, ืื ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื™ื˜ื•ืœ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื•
09:50
if an individual needs to take over an alpha role sort of suddenly,
187
590208
4214
ืืช ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืคืชืื•ืžื™,
09:54
within a few days, that individual's testosterone has gone up
188
594446
3087
ืชื•ืš ื™ืžื™ื ืกืคื•ืจื™ื, ืจืžืช ื”ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœื• ืขื•ืœื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช
09:57
significantly and his cortisol has dropped significantly.
189
597557
3481
ื•ืจืžืช ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืจื“ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช.
10:01
So we have this evidence, both that the body can shape
190
601062
3017
ื›ืš ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื”ื•ื›ื—ื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข
10:04
the mind, at least at the facial level,
191
604103
2342
ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืฉื˜ื—ื™,
10:06
and also that role changes can shape the mind.
192
606469
4105
ื•ืฉื’ื ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืชืคืงื™ื“ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช.
10:10
So what happens, okay, you take a role change,
193
610598
2758
ื ื ื™ื— ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ืžืืžืฅ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“,
10:13
what happens if you do that at a really minimal level,
194
613380
2560
ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืื ื”ื•ื ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช ื‘ืจืžื” ื”ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ืช,
10:15
like this tiny manipulation, this tiny intervention?
195
615964
2429
ืžื ื™ืคื•ืœืฆื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”, ื”ืชืขืจื‘ื•ืช ืงื˜ื ื” ื™ื–ื•ืžื”?
10:18
"For two minutes," you say, "I want you to stand like this,
196
618417
2810
ืืชื” ืื•ืžืจ ืœืขืฆืžืš, "ืœืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ืืขืžื•ื“ ื›ืš,
10:21
and it's going to make you feel more powerful."
197
621251
2536
ื•ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื™ ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื˜ื•ื‘ื”."
10:23
So this is what we did.
198
623811
2930
ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•. ื”ื—ืœื˜ื ื• ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืื ืฉื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”
10:26
We decided to bring people into the lab and run a little experiment,
199
626765
4591
ื•ืœื‘ืฆืข ื ื™ืกื•ื™. ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื” ืื™ืžืฆื• ืœืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช,
10:31
and these people adopted, for two minutes,
200
631380
3525
ืื• ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืื• ืฉืœ ื—ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
10:34
either high-power poses or low-power poses,
201
634929
3460
ืืจืื” ืœื›ื ื—ืžืฉ ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช,
10:38
and I'm just going to show you five of the poses,
202
638413
2317
ืืฃ ืขืœ-ืคื™ ืฉื”ื ืื™ืžืฆื• ืจืง ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
10:40
although they took on only two.
203
640754
1561
10:42
So here's one.
204
642339
1480
ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช.
ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
10:45
A couple more.
205
645069
1289
ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื›ื ื” ืืช ื–ื•
10:47
This one has been dubbed the "Wonder Woman" by the media.
206
647052
4753
"ื•ื•ื ื“ืจ ื•ื•ืžืŸ".
10:51
Here are a couple more.
207
651906
1298
ืขื•ื“ ืฉืชื™ื™ื.
10:53
So you can be standing or you can be sitting.
208
653228
2330
ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉื‘ืช ืื• ืœืขืžื•ื“.
10:55
And here are the low-power poses.
209
655582
1961
ื•ื”ื ื” ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
10:57
So you're folding up, you're making yourself small.
210
657567
2730
ืžืงื•ืคืœื™ื, ืžืฆืžืฆืžื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
11:01
This one is very low-power.
211
661904
1441
ื–ื• ืชื ื•ื—ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืกืจ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ืงื™ืฆื•ื ื™.
11:03
When you're touching your neck, you're really protecting yourself.
212
663369
3959
ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ื’ืขื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ื•ืืจ,
ืกื™ืžืŸ ืฉืžืื•ื“ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ื•.
11:07
So this is what happens.
213
667352
1997
ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืงื•ืจื”. ื”ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื,
11:09
They come in, they spit into a vial,
214
669467
2206
ืžืฉืื™ืจื™ื ืจื•ืง ื‘ืžื‘ื—ื ื”,
11:11
for two minutes, we say, "You need to do this or this."
215
671697
3149
ืื ื• ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืฉืขืœื™ื”ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื“ื‘ืจ ื–ื” ืื• ืื—ืจ.
11:14
They don't look at pictures of the poses.
216
674870
2041
ื”ื ืœื ืจื•ืื™ื ืชืžื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
11:16
We don't want to prime them with a concept of power.
217
676935
2527
ืื ื• ืœื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ื™ืก ืœื”ื ืœืจืืฉ ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื”. ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื• ืขื•ืฆืžื”.
11:19
We want them to be feeling power.
218
679486
1633
ื›ืš, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ื”ื ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช.
11:21
So two minutes they do this.
219
681143
1335
11:22
We then ask them, "How powerful do you feel?" on a series of items,
220
682502
3185
ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืื ื• ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื”, ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ื—ืคืฆื™ื,
11:25
and then we give them an opportunity to gamble,
221
685711
2343
ื•ืื—ืจ-ื›ืš ืžืืคืฉืจื™ื ืœื”ื ืœื”ืžืจ,
11:28
and then we take another saliva sample.
222
688078
2741
ื•ืื– ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื“ื’ื™ืžื” ื ื•ืกืคืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจื•ืง.
11:30
That's it. That's the whole experiment.
223
690843
1858
ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ. ื–ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™.
11:32
So this is what we find.
224
692725
1561
ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื. ืขืžื™ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ, ืฉื–ื” ื”ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ,
11:34
Risk tolerance, which is the gambling,
225
694310
1880
11:36
we find that when you are in the high-power pose condition,
226
696214
4114
ืื ื• ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ืชื ื•ื—ืช
ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”, 86 ืื—ื•ื– ืžื”ืžืจื™ื.
11:40
86 percent of you will gamble.
227
700352
2134
11:42
When you're in the low-power pose condition,
228
702510
2096
ื›ืืฉืจ ื‘ืชื ื•ื—ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
11:44
only 60 percent, and that's a whopping significant difference.
229
704630
3976
ืจืง 60 ืื—ื•ื–, ื•ื–ื” ื”ืคืจืฉ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื“ื™ ื’ื•ืจืฃ.
11:48
Here's what we find on testosterone.
230
708630
2456
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืฆืื ื• ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ.
11:51
From their baseline when they come in,
231
711110
2513
ืžืจืžืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ืจื’ืข ื›ื ื™ืกืชื, ื—ืœื” ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ 20 ืื—ื•ื–
11:53
high-power people experience about a 20-percent increase,
232
713647
3306
ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื ื•ื—ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”,
11:56
and low-power people experience about a 10-percent decrease.
233
716977
4597
ื•ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 10 ืื—ื•ื– ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืชื ื•ื—ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
12:01
So again, two minutes, and you get these changes.
234
721598
2793
ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•.
12:04
Here's what you get on cortisol.
235
724415
1977
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ.
12:06
High-power people experience about a 25-percent decrease,
236
726416
3774
ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ 25 ืื—ื•ื– ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
12:10
and the low-power people experience about a 15-percent increase.
237
730214
4108
ื•ืขืœื™ื” ืฉืœ 15 ืื—ื•ื– ืืฆืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื ืžื•ื›ื”.
12:14
So two minutes lead to these hormonal changes
238
734346
2708
ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช ืžื•ื‘ื™ืœื•ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื•ืจืžื•ื ืœื™ื™ื ืืœื•
12:17
that configure your brain
239
737078
1620
ื”ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ
12:18
to basically be either assertive, confident and comfortable,
240
738722
4277
ืื• ืชืงื™ืฃ, ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—,
12:23
or really stress-reactive, and feeling sort of shut down.
241
743023
5053
ืื• ืœื—ื•ืฅ ื•ืฉืจื•ื™ ื‘ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื•ื™.
ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื—ื•ื•ื™ื ื• ืคืขื ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ื›ื–ื•, ื ื›ื•ืŸ?
12:28
And we've all had the feeling, right?
242
748100
2763
12:30
So it seems that our nonverbals do govern how we think and feel about ourselves,
243
750887
5184
ืœื›ืŸ ื ืจืื” ืฉื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™ืช ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉืคื™ืขื”
ืขืœ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืื ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื•ื—ืฉื™ื ื›ืœืคื™ ืขืฆืžื ื•,
12:36
so it's not just others, but it's also ourselves.
244
756095
2432
ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ืืœื ื’ื ื‘ื’ืœืœื ื•.
12:38
Also, our bodies change our minds.
245
758551
2403
ื’ื ื’ื•ืคื ื• ืžืฉื ื” ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื•.
12:40
But the next question, of course,
246
760978
2382
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื‘ืื” ื”ื™ื,
12:43
is, can power posing for a few minutes
247
763384
1820
ื”ืื ืชื ื•ื—ืช ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืฉืœ ื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช
ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™?
12:45
really change your life in meaningful ways?
248
765228
2037
12:47
This is in the lab, it's this little task, it's just a couple of minutes.
249
767289
4293
ื›ืš ื–ื” ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ื” -- ืื™ื–ื• ืžืฉื™ืžื” ืงื˜ื ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื‘ืฆืข,
ื•ื–ื” ืจืง ืœื›ืžื” ื“ืงื•ืช. ืื‘ืœ ืื™ืคื” ืืคืฉืจ
12:51
Where can you actually apply this?
250
771606
1741
ืœื™ื™ืฉื ื–ืืช ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ? ืฉื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื ื•.
12:53
Which we cared about, of course.
251
773371
1811
12:55
And so we think where you want to use this is evaluative situations,
252
775206
6741
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื• ืกื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืžื” ืฉื—ืฉื•ื‘, ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ืื™ืคื” ืฉื›ื“ืื™ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื”
ื–ื” ื‘ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื™ืคื•ื˜ ื•ื”ืขืจื›ื”,
13:01
like social threat situations.
253
781971
2453
ื›ืžื• ืžืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ื”ื ืื™ื•ื ืžื”ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื”. ื”ื™ื›ืŸ ืฉืืชื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื”ืขืจื›ื”,
13:04
Where are you being evaluated, either by your friends?
254
784448
2556
ืื ื–ื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื—ื‘ืจื™ืš, ื›ืžื• ืชื™ื›ื•ื ื™ืกื˜ื™ื ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจื.
13:07
For teenagers, it's at the lunchroom table.
255
787028
2057
13:09
For some people it's speaking at a school board meeting.
256
789109
4273
ืืฆืœ ืื—ืจื™ื, ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ
ื‘ื™ืฉื™ื‘ืช ื”ื”ื ื”ืœื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ. ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช
13:13
It might be giving a pitch or giving a talk like this
257
793406
3764
ื›ืืฉืจ ื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื”ืจืฆืื” ื›ืžื• ื–ื•
13:17
or doing a job interview.
258
797194
2774
ืื• ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:19
We decided that the one that most people could relate to
259
799992
2668
ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ืžืฆื‘ ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืืœ ืื ืฉื™ื
13:22
because most people had been through, was the job interview.
260
802684
2895
ื›ื™ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืื•ืชื•,
ื”ื•ื ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
13:25
So we published these findings,
261
805603
2731
ืคื™ืจืกืžื ื• ืืช ื”ืžืžืฆืื™ื, ื•ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืชื ืคืœื” ืขืœ ื–ื”
13:28
and the media are all over it,
262
808358
1561
13:29
and they say, Okay, so this is what you do
263
809943
2075
ื•ืืžืจื”, ืื– ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืืฉืจ
ื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”? (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:32
when you go in for the job interview, right?
264
812042
2073
13:34
(Laughter)
265
814139
1007
ืื ื—ื ื• ื ื‘ื”ืœื ื• ื•ืืžืจื ื•,
13:35
You know, so we were of course horrified, and said,
266
815170
2447
13:37
Oh my God, no, that's not what we meant at all.
267
817641
2272
ื”ื• ืœื, ืœื, ืœื -- ืœื ืœื–ื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื•ื ื•.
13:39
For numerous reasons, no, don't do that.
268
819937
2240
ืœื ื•ืœื, ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื›ืžื” ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช. ืื™ืŸ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช.
13:42
Again, this is not about you talking to other people.
269
822201
2567
ื–ื” ืœื ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื.
13:44
It's you talking to yourself.
270
824792
1561
ื–ื” ืื•ื“ื•ืช ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขื ืขืฆืžืš. ืžื” ืืชื” ืขื•ืฉื”
13:46
What do you do before you go into a job interview? You do this.
271
826377
3059
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื”ื•ืœื›ื™ื ืœืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”? ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”.
13:49
You're sitting down. You're looking at your iPhone --
272
829460
2542
ืืชื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘. ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœ ื”ืื™ื™ืคื•ืŸ ืฉืœืš --
ืื• ืขืœ ื”ืื ื“ืจื•ืื™ื“, ืžืฉืชื“ืœืช ืœื ืœื”ื—ืกื™ืจ ืžื™ืฉื”ื•.
13:52
or your Android, not trying to leave anyone out.
273
832026
2262
13:54
You're looking at your notes,
274
834312
1870
ืืชื” ืžืกืชื›ืœ ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื•ืชื™ืš,
13:56
you're hunching up, making yourself small,
275
836206
2000
ืžื’ื‘ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš, ืžืฆืžืฆื ืืช ืขืฆืžืš,
13:58
when really what you should be doing maybe is this,
276
838230
2429
ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืื•ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ืš,
14:00
like, in the bathroom, right? Do that. Find two minutes.
277
840683
3037
ื›ืžื• ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช. ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช. ืœืžืฆื•ื ืœืš ืื™ื–ื” 2 ื“ืงื•ืช.
14:03
So that's what we want to test. Okay?
278
843744
1762
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉื‘ืจืฆื•ื ื ื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ.
14:05
So we bring people into a lab,
279
845530
1794
ืฉื•ื‘ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื”,
14:07
and they do either high- or low-power poses again,
280
847348
3353
ื•ื”ื ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ืื• ื ืžื•ื›ื”,
14:10
they go through a very stressful job interview.
281
850725
2608
ื”ื ืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžืœื—ื™ืฅ.
14:13
It's five minutes long. They are being recorded.
282
853357
3592
ื”ื•ื ืื•ืจืš 5 ื“ืงื•ืช. ื”ื ืžื•ืงืœื˜ื™ื.
14:16
They're being judged also,
283
856973
1957
ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื’ื ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื, ื•ื”ืฉื•ืคื˜ื™ื
14:18
and the judges are trained to give no nonverbal feedback,
284
858954
4481
ืžืื•ืžื ื™ื ืœื ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืฃ ืžืฉื•ื‘ ืœื-ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™,
14:23
so they look like this.
285
863459
1559
ืœื›ืŸ ื”ื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื ื›ื›ื”. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื•,
14:25
Imagine this is the person interviewing you.
286
865245
2081
ื–ื” ื”ืื“ื ืฉืžืจืื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชืš.
14:27
So for five minutes, nothing, and this is worse than being heckled.
287
867350
4599
ื›ืš ื‘ืžืฉืš 5 ื“ืงื•ืช, ืฉื•ื ื“ื‘ืจ, ืฉื–ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ืจื•ืข ืžืืฉืจ ืฉืงื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืื•ืชืš ื‘ืืžืฆืข.
14:31
People hate this.
288
871973
1640
ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื•ื ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื”. ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืจื™ืืŸ ืœื”-ืคืจื ืก ืžื›ื ื”
14:33
It's what Marianne LaFrance calls "standing in social quicksand."
289
873637
3716
"ืœืขืžื•ื“ ื‘ื—ื•ืœ ื˜ื•ื‘ืขื ื™ ื—ื‘ืจืชื™".
14:37
So this really spikes your cortisol.
290
877377
1785
ื–ื” ืžืงืคื™ืฅ ืืช ืจืžืช ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ.
14:39
So this is the job interview we put them through,
291
879186
2286
ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืื•ืชื ื‘ืจื™ืื™ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื›ื–ื”,
ื›ื™ ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ื‘ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
14:41
because we really wanted to see what happened.
292
881496
2197
14:43
We then have these coders look at these tapes, four of them.
293
883717
3083
ื•ืื– ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืกื•ื•ื’ื™ื ืฉืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืœื˜ื•ืช.
14:46
They're blind to the hypothesis. They're blind to the conditions.
294
886824
3148
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ื›ืœืœ ืฉื•ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื”ื”ืฉืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื”ืชื ืื™ื.
14:49
They have no idea who's been posing in what pose,
295
889996
2761
ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžื•ืฉื’ ืžื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื™ื–ื• ืชื ื•ื—ื”.
14:52
and they end up looking at these sets of tapes,
296
892781
5066
ื”ื ืจืง ืฆื•ืคื™ื ื‘ืงืœื˜ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•,
14:57
and they say, "We want to hire these people,"
297
897871
2148
ื•ืื– ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื, "ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืื ืฉื™ื ืืœื•." --
ื›ืœ ื‘ืขืœื™ ื”ืชื ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื•ืฆืžื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” -- "ืื™ืŸ ืื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ืขืกื™ืง ืืช ื”ื”ื.
15:00
all the high-power posers.
298
900043
1501
15:01
"We don't want to hire these people.
299
901568
1773
15:03
We also evaluate these people much more positively overall."
300
903365
3817
ืื ื• ื’ื ืžืขืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ืืœื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™."
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื’ื•ืจื ืœื›ืœ ื–ื”? ื–ื” ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจ ื‘ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืžื™ืœื•ืœื™.
15:07
But what's driving it?
301
907206
1640
15:08
It's not about the content of the speech.
302
908870
1992
15:10
It's about the presence that they're bringing to the speech.
303
910886
2852
ื–ื” ืงืฉื•ืจ ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื™ืœื™ื ืฉืœื”ื.
15:13
Because we rate them on all these variables
304
913762
2477
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืื ื• ืžื“ืจื’ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืžืฉืชื ื™ื
ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ืœื”ืชืืžื” ืœืชืคืงื™ื“, ื›ืžื• ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื—ื™ื
15:16
related to competence, like, how well-structured is the speech?
305
916263
3539
ื‘ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื™ื˜ื‘? ืขื“ ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื? ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ืฉื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœื”ื?
15:19
How good is it? What are their qualifications?
306
919826
2234
ืื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืคืขื” ืขืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”. ืจืง ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžื•ืฉืคืข.
15:22
No effect on those things. This is what's affected.
307
922084
2626
15:24
These kinds of things.
308
924734
1699
ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ืืœื”. ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื™ืชื ืืช ื”ืขืฆืžื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ ืฉืœื”ื.
15:26
People are bringing their true selves, basically.
309
926457
2391
15:28
They're bringing themselves.
310
928872
1390
ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ืขืฆืžื.
ื”ื ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื,
15:30
They bring their ideas, but as themselves,
311
930286
2099
15:32
with no, you know, residue over them.
312
932409
2212
ืœืœื ืฉื•ื ืขื˜ื™ืคื” ืžืœืื›ื•ืชื™ืช ืžืขืœื™ื”ื.
15:34
So this is what's driving the effect, or mediating the effect.
313
934645
4907
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืžืขื•ืจืจ ืืช ื”ืจื•ืฉื, ืื• ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื™ืข ืœื• ืœื”ื™ื•ื•ืฆืจ.
15:39
So when I tell people about this,
314
939576
3344
ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืกืคืจืช ืืช ื–ื” ืœืื ืฉื™ื, ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื ื• ืžืฉื ื”
15:42
that our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior,
315
942944
3355
ืืช ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืชื™ื ื• ื•ื”ืžื—ืฉื‘ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืชื ื•,
ื•ื”ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช, ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™,
15:46
and our behavior can change our outcomes, they say to me,
316
946323
2752
"ืื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉ ืฉื–ื” ืžื–ื•ื™ื™ืฃ."
15:49
"It feels fake." Right?
317
949099
1543
15:50
So I said, fake it till you make it.
318
950666
1878
ืื– ืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจืช, ื–ื™ื™ืฃ ืขื“ ืฉืชืงื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ืœื -- ื–ื” ืœื ืื ื™.
15:52
It's not me.
319
952568
1853
15:54
I don't want to get there and then still feel like a fraud.
320
954445
3151
ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื‘ื•ื ืœืฉื ื•ืื– ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืชื—ื–ื”.
15:57
I don't want to feel like an impostor.
321
957620
1810
ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืžืชื—ื–ื”.
15:59
I don't want to get there only to feel like I'm not supposed to be here.
322
959454
4073
ืื™ื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ืจืง ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ื•ืฉ ืฉืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
16:03
And that really resonated with me,
323
963551
2163
ื–ื” ื™ืฆืจ ืืฆืœื™ ืชื”ื•ื“ื” ืคื ื™ืžื™ืช.
16:05
because I want to tell you a little story about being an impostor
324
965738
3222
ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืกืคืจ ืœื›ื ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืขืœ
ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชื—ื–ื” ื•ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื™ื ื™ ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ.
16:08
and feeling like I'm not supposed to be here.
325
968984
2198
16:11
When I was 19, I was in a really bad car accident.
326
971206
2917
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 19, ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืชืื•ื ืช ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืงืฉื”.
16:14
I was thrown out of a car, rolled several times.
327
974147
3381
ื ื–ืจืงืชื™ ืืœ ืžื—ื•ืฅ ืœืื•ื˜ื• ื•ื”ืชื’ืœื’ืœืชื™ ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื.
16:17
I was thrown from the car.
328
977552
1858
ื”ืชืขื•ืจืจืชื™ ื‘ืื’ืฃ ื”ืฉื™ืงื•ื
16:19
And I woke up in a head injury rehab ward,
329
979434
2964
ืœืคืฆื™ืขื•ืช ืจืืฉ ื•ืคืจืฉืชื™ ืžืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื,
16:22
and I had been withdrawn from college,
330
982422
2209
16:24
and I learned that my IQ had dropped by two standard deviations,
331
984655
5688
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”-ืื™ื™ ืงื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื ืคืœ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืกื˜ื™ื•ืช-ืชืงืŸ,
16:30
which was very traumatic.
332
990367
2564
ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžืื•ื“ ื˜ืจืื•ืžื˜ื™.
16:32
I knew my IQ because I had identified with being smart,
333
992955
2847
ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืœืื™ื™ ืงื™ื• ืฉืœื™ ื›ื™ ื”ื›ื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื™ ื›ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”,
16:35
and I had been called gifted as a child.
334
995826
1988
ื•ื›ื™ื ื• ืื•ืชื™ ืžื—ื•ื ื ืช ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื™ืœื“ื”.
16:37
So I'm taken out of college, I keep trying to go back.
335
997838
3176
ืื™ืœืฆื• ืื•ืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ืฉ ืžื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ.
16:41
They say, "You're not going to finish college.
336
1001038
2200
ื”ื ืืžืจื•, "ืืช ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื™ ืœืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื.
ื™ืฉ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืชื•ื›ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
16:43
Just, you know, there are other things for you to do,
337
1003262
2553
16:45
but that's not going to work out for you."
338
1005839
2000
ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื–ื” ืœื ืชืฆืœื™ื—ื™."
16:47
So I really struggled with this, and I have to say,
339
1007863
3534
ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ื”ืชืืžืฆืชื™ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื–ื”, ื•ืขืœื™ื™ ืœื•ืžืจ,
16:51
having your identity taken from you, your core identity,
340
1011421
2750
ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื ืœืงื—ืช ืžืžืš, ื”ื–ื”ื•ืช ื”ื›ื™ ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช,
16:54
and for me it was being smart,
341
1014195
1835
ื•ืืฆืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื”,
16:56
having that taken from you,
342
1016054
1639
ื›ืืฉืจ ื–ื” ื ืœืงื— ืžืžืš, ืื™ืŸ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœืš ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ื—ืกืจืช ื›ื•ื— ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื–ื”.
16:57
there's nothing that leaves you feeling more powerless than that.
343
1017717
3099
17:00
So I felt entirely powerless.
344
1020840
1779
ืœื›ืŸ ื—ืฉืชื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ื›ื—ืกืจืช ื›ื•ื—. ืื ื™ ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™ ืขื•ื“ ื•ืขื•ื“,
17:02
I worked and worked, and I got lucky,
345
1022643
1862
ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื–ืœ, ื•ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™, ื•ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ืžื–ืœ, ื•ื”ืฉืงืขืชื™.
17:04
and worked, and got lucky, and worked.
346
1024529
1846
17:06
Eventually I graduated from college.
347
1026399
2228
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื”ืืงื“ืžื™ื™ื.
17:08
It took me four years longer than my peers,
348
1028651
2000
ื–ื” ืœืงื— ืœื™ 4 ืฉื ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ืœืขืžื™ืชื™ื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
17:10
and I convinced someone, my angel advisor, Susan Fiske,
349
1030675
4317
ืฉื™ื›ื ืขืชื™ ืžื™ืฉื”ื™, ืืช ื”ืžื ื—ื” ื”ื ื“ื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื™, ืกื•ื–ืŸ ืคื™ืกืง,
17:15
to take me on, and so I ended up at Princeton,
350
1035016
2920
ืœืงื‘ืœ ืื•ืชื™, ื•ื›ืš ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืคืจื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ,
17:17
and I was like, I am not supposed to be here.
351
1037960
2827
ื•ื”ืจื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ืื™ืœื• ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื.
17:20
I am an impostor.
352
1040811
1270
ืฉืื ื™ ืžืชื—ื–ื”.
17:22
And the night before my first-year talk,
353
1042105
1905
ืœื™ืœื” ืœืคื ื™ ื”ืจืฆืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™,
ื•ื”ืจืฆืืช ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ืคืจื™ื ืกื˜ื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื ื‘ืช 20 ื“ืงื•ืช
17:24
and the first-year talk at Princeton is a 20-minute talk to 20 people.
354
1044034
3499
ืžื•ืœ 20 ืื™ืฉ. ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ.
17:27
That's it.
355
1047557
1178
17:28
I was so afraid of being found out the next day
356
1048759
2463
ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืคื—ื“ืชื™ ืฉื™ื—ืฉืคื• ืืช ื–ื”ื•ืชื™ ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช
17:31
that I called her and said, "I'm quitting."
357
1051246
2789
ืฉื”ืชืงืฉืจืชื™ ืืœื™ื” ื•ืืžืจืชื™, "ืื ื™ ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช."
17:34
She was like, "You are not quitting,
358
1054059
1832
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืืช ืœื ืขื•ื–ื‘ืช,
17:35
because I took a gamble on you, and you're staying.
359
1055915
2534
ื›ื™ ืงืœื—ืชื™ ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื™ืš ื•ืืช ื ืฉืืจืช.
17:38
You're going to stay, and this is what you're going to do.
360
1058473
2767
ืืช ืชื™ืฉืืจื™ ื•ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืชืขืฉื™.
ืืช ืชื–ื™ื™ืคื™.
17:41
You are going to fake it.
361
1061264
1333
17:42
You're going to do every talk that you ever get asked to do.
362
1062621
3156
ืืช ืชืชื ื™ ื›ืœ ื”ืจืฆืื” ืฉื™ื‘ืงืฉื• ืžืžืš ืœืชืช.
17:45
You're just going to do it and do it and do it,
363
1065801
2239
ืืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ืœื›ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื•ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช,
ื’ื ืื ืืช ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœืช ื•ืžืฉื•ืชืงืช ื•ื™ืฉ ืœืš
17:48
even if you're terrified and just paralyzed
364
1068064
2421
17:50
and having an out-of-body experience,
365
1070509
2349
ื—ื•ื•ื™ื” ื—ื•ืฅ-ื’ื•ืคื™ืช, ืขื“ ืฉืชื’ื™ืขื™ ืœืจื’ืข ื‘ื• ืชืืžืจื™,
17:52
until you have this moment where you say, 'Oh my gosh, I'm doing it.
366
1072882
3346
'ื•ื•ืื•, ืื ื™ ืขื•ืฉื” ื–ืืช. ื”ืคื›ืชื™ ืœื›ื–ื•.
17:56
Like, I have become this. I am actually doing this.'"
367
1076252
2942
ืื ื™ ืžืžืฉ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื–ื”."'
17:59
So that's what I did.
368
1079218
1095
ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™. 5 ืฉื ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช-ืกืคืจ ืœื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื,
18:00
Five years in grad school,
369
1080337
1384
18:01
a few years, you know, I'm at Northwestern,
370
1081745
2100
ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืžื›ื•ืŸ Northwestern,
18:03
I moved to Harvard, I'm at Harvard,
371
1083869
2063
ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืœื”ืจื•ื•ืจื“, ืื ื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ืช ืขืœ ื–ื”,
18:05
I'm not really thinking about it anymore, but for a long time I had been thinking,
372
1085956
3976
ืื‘ืœ ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘ ื›ืŸ ื ื”ื’ืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘,
18:09
"Not supposed to be here."
373
1089956
1782
"ืื ื™ ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ. ืœื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ."
18:11
So at the end of my first year at Harvard,
374
1091762
2693
ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฉืœื™ ื‘ื”ืจื•ื•ืจื“,
18:14
a student who had not talked in class the entire semester,
375
1094479
4301
ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื ื“ื™ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื”ืกืžืกื˜ืจ,
18:18
who I had said, "Look, you've gotta participate or else you're going to fail,"
376
1098804
3667
ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืื•ืžืจืช ืœื”, "ืืช ื—ื™ื™ื‘ืช ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ, ื•ืœื, ืชื™ื›ืฉืœื™",
18:22
came into my office. I really didn't know her at all.
377
1102495
2524
ื ื›ื ืกื” ืœืžืฉืจื“ื™. ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ื”ื›ืจืชื™ ืื•ืชื”.
ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืฉื‘ื•ืจื” ืœื’ืžืจื™ ื•ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”,
18:25
She came in totally defeated, and she said,
378
1105043
3428
18:28
"I'm not supposed to be here."
379
1108495
3126
"ืื ื™ ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ."
ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืจื’ืข ืฉืœื™. ื›ื™ ืื– ืงืจื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื.
18:35
And that was the moment for me.
380
1115371
1957
18:37
Because two things happened.
381
1117352
1592
18:38
One was that I realized,
382
1118968
1270
ื”ืื—ื“, ืฉื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืคืชืื•ื,
18:40
oh my gosh, I don't feel like that anymore.
383
1120262
3110
ื•ื•ืื•, ืื™ื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืš. ืื™ื ื™ ืžืจื’ื™ืฉื” ื›ืš,
18:43
I don't feel that anymore, but she does, and I get that feeling.
384
1123396
3000
ืื‘ืœ ื”ื™ื ื›ืŸ, ื•ืื ื™ ืžื‘ื™ื ื” ืืช ื”ื”ืจื’ืฉื”.
18:46
And the second was, she is supposed to be here!
385
1126420
2271
ื•ื”ืฉื ื™, ื”ื™ื ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ!
18:48
Like, she can fake it, she can become it.
386
1128715
1953
ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื–ื™ื™ืฃ, ื”ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื›ื–ื•.
18:50
So I was like, "Yes, you are! You are supposed to be here!
387
1130692
3543
ื•ืื ื™ ืืžืจืชื™, "ืืช ื›ืŸ! ืืช ื›ืŸ ืืžื•ืจื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื›ืืŸ!
18:54
And tomorrow you're going to fake it,
388
1134259
1762
ื•ืžื—ืจ ืืช ืชื–ื™ื™ืคื™ ืื•ืชื”,
ืืช ืชื”ืคื›ื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžืš ืœื‘ืขืœืช ืขื•ืฆืžื”,
18:56
you're going to make yourself powerful, and, you know --
389
1136045
2689
18:58
(Applause)
390
1138758
5393
ืืช ื”ื•ืœื›ืช -- " (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
"ืืช ืชื™ื›ื ืกื™ ืœื›ื™ืชื”,
19:04
And you're going to go into the classroom,
391
1144175
4054
19:08
and you are going to give the best comment ever."
392
1148253
2400
ื•ืืช ืชืชื ื™ ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืช ื—ื™ื™ืš."
19:10
You know? And she gave the best comment ever,
393
1150677
2981
ื•ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืžื”? ื”ื™ื ืื›ืŸ ื ืชื ื” ืืช ื”ืจืฆืืช ื—ื™ื™ื”,
19:13
and people turned around and were like,
394
1153682
1939
ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืกืชื›ืœื• ื–ื” ืืœ ื–ื” ื‘ื”ื‘ืขื”,
ื•ื•ืื•, ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื‘ื—ื ืชื™ ื‘ื” ื™ื•ืฉื‘ืช ื‘ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ื (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
19:15
oh my God, I didn't even notice her sitting there. (Laughter)
395
1155645
2920
ื”ื™ื ื—ื–ืจื” ืืœื™ื™ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™
19:18
She comes back to me months later,
396
1158589
1793
19:20
and I realized that she had not just faked it till she made it,
397
1160406
3040
ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื™ื ืกืชื ื–ื™ื™ืคื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ืขืฉืชื” ื–ืืช,
19:23
she had actually faked it till she became it.
398
1163470
2374
ืืœื ื”ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ื–ื™ื™ืคื” ืืช ื–ื” ืขื“ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื” ืœื›ื–ื•.
19:25
So she had changed.
399
1165868
1799
ื”ื™ื ื”ืฉืชื ืชื”.
19:27
And so I want to say to you, don't fake it till you make it.
400
1167691
4060
ืœื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื, ืืœ ืชื–ื™ื™ืคื• ืขื“ ืฉืชืขืฉื• ื–ืืช.
19:31
Fake it till you become it.
401
1171775
2773
ืชื–ื™ื™ืคื• ืขื“ ืฉืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœื›ืืœื”.
19:34
Do it enough until you actually become it and internalize.
402
1174572
3617
ืชืขืฉื• ืืช ื–ื” ืžืกืคื™ืง ืคืขืžื™ื ืขื“ ืฉืชืคื ื™ืžื• ืžื” ืฉืฆืจื™ืš ื•ืชื”ืคื›ื• ืœื›ืืœื”.
19:38
The last thing I'm going to leave you with is this.
403
1178213
2631
ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื ื”ื•ื ื–ื”.
19:40
Tiny tweaks can lead to big changes.
404
1180868
4448
ื›ื™ื•ื•ื ื•ื ื™ื ืงื˜ื ื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื•ื‘ื™ืœ ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื.
19:45
So, this is two minutes.
405
1185340
2473
ืืœื• ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช.
19:47
Two minutes, two minutes, two minutes.
406
1187837
1810
ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช, ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช.
19:49
Before you go into the next stressful evaluative situation,
407
1189671
3124
ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืืชื ื ื›ื ืกื™ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ื”ืขืจื›ื” ื—ื™ืฆื•ื ื™ืช ืžืœื—ื™ืฆื”,
19:52
for two minutes, try doing this, in the elevator,
408
1192819
2682
ืœืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช, ื ืกื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช, ื‘ืžืขืœื™ืช,
19:55
in a bathroom stall, at your desk behind closed doors.
409
1195525
3215
ื‘ืžืงืœื—ืช, ืื• ืœื™ื“ ืฉื•ืœื—ื ื›ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ืกื’ื•ืจ.
19:58
That's what you want to do.
410
1198764
1403
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืืชื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืœืขืฆื‘ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื— ืฉืœื›ื
20:00
Configure your brain to cope the best in that situation.
411
1200191
2811
ื›ืš ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื™ื˜ื‘ื™ ืขื ืื•ืชื• ืžืฆื‘.
20:03
Get your testosterone up. Get your cortisol down.
412
1203026
2941
ืฉื”ื˜ืกื˜ื•ืกื˜ืจื•ืŸ ื™ืขืœื” ื•ื”ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื–ื•ืœ ื™ื™ืจื“.
20:05
Don't leave that situation feeling like, oh, I didn't show them who I am.
413
1205991
3942
ืืœ ืชืฆืื• ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืœื ื”ืจืืชื ืžื™ ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช.
20:09
Leave that situation feeling like,
414
1209957
1700
ืชืฆืื• ืžื”ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื”ืจื’ืฉื” ืฉืืชื ืžืฉืชื•ืงืงื™ื
20:11
I really feel like I got to say who I am and show who I am.
415
1211681
2972
ืœื•ืžืจ ืžื™ ืืชื ื•ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ืืชื ื‘ืืžืช.
20:14
So I want to ask you first, you know, both to try power posing,
416
1214677
5767
ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืžื‘ืงืฉืช ืžื›ื,
ืชื—ื™ืœื”, ื’ื ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ืขืฆืžื›ื ื›ืขื•ืฆืžืชื™ื™ื,
20:20
and also I want to ask you to share the science, because this is simple.
417
1220468
5090
ื•ื’ื ืœื‘ืงืฉื›ื ืœืฉืชืฃ
ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืืžื ื•ืช ื–ื•, ื›ื™ ื–ื” ื”ื›ืœ ืคืฉื•ื˜.
20:25
I don't have ego involved in this. (Laughter)
418
1225582
2153
ื”ืื’ื• ืฉืœื™ ืœื ืžืขื•ืจื‘ ื›ืืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
20:27
Give it away. Share it with people,
419
1227759
1763
ืชืขื ื™ืงื• ืœื›ื•ืœื. ืฉืชืคื• ืื—ืจื™ื,
20:29
because the people who can use it the most
420
1229546
2420
ื›ื™ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื ืฆืœ
20:31
are the ones with no resources and no technology
421
1231990
3351
ื–ืืช ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื”ื ืืœื” ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ื›ื ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื”
20:35
and no status and no power.
422
1235365
2174
ื•ืœื ืžืขืžื“ ื•ืœื ื›ื•ื—. ืชืขื‘ื™ืจื• ืœื”ื ืืช ื–ื” ื›ื™ ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
20:37
Give it to them because they can do it in private.
423
1237563
2548
ืœื‘ืฆืข ื–ืืช ื‘ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช.
ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื’ื•ืคื, ืืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืชื ื•ืฉืชื™ ื“ืงื•ืช,
20:40
They need their bodies, privacy and two minutes,
424
1240135
2444
20:42
and it can significantly change the outcomes of their life.
425
1242603
3126
ื•ื–ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืœืฉื ื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช ืืช ืžื”ืœืš ื—ื™ื™ื”ื.
20:45
Thank you.
426
1245753
1131
ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
20:46
(Applause)
427
1246908
3031
(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7