How to Speak So That People Want to Listen | Julian Treasure | TED

Prevodilac: Jelena Jevtić Lektor: Mile Živković

The human voice:

Ljudski glas:

It's the instrument we all play.

to je instrument koji svi sviramo.

To je, verovatno, najmoćniji zvuk na svetu.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

Jedini je koji može da pokrene rat

It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."

ili kaže "Volim te".

And yet many people have the experience

Ipak, mnogo ljudi je iskusilo,

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

da kada govore, ljudi ih ne slušaju.

And why is that?

A zašto je tako?

How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?

Kako možemo da govorimo svemoćno

da bismo promenili nešto na svetu?

What I'd like to suggest,

Voleo bih da predložim da postoji

there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.

mnogo navika od kojih moramo da se klonimo.

I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.

Za vaše zadovoljstvo, sastavio sam

sedam smrtnih grehova govora.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

Ne zavaravam se da je ovo konačna lista,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.

ali mislim da su ovih sedam, veoma krupne,

navike pred kojima svi možemo pokleknuti.

First, gossip.

Prvo, trač.

Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

Loše govoriti o nekome ko nije prisutan.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

To nije lepa navika, i znamo vrlo dobro

the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.

da će osoba sa kojom smo tračarili

pet minuta kasnije ogovarati nas.

Second, judging.

Drugo, osuđivanje.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

Poznajemo ljude koji su takvi u razgovorima,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

i veoma je teško slušati nekoga,

if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.

ako znate da vas procenjuje

i pronalazi nedostatke, u isto vreme.

Third, negativity.

Treće, negativnost.

Možete nasesti na ovo.

You can fall into this.

Moja majka je u poslednjim godinama svog života

My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,

postala jako negativna, i to je teško slušati.

and it's hard to listen.

Sećam se da sam joj jednog dana rekao:

I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today,"

"Danas je prvi oktobar."

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

a ona je rekla: "Znam, zar to nije užasno?"

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

Teško je slušati kada je neko toliko negativan.

(Laughter)

And another form of negativity, complaining.

I još jedan oblik negativnosti, žaljenje.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

Pa, to je nacionalna umetnost Velike Britanije.

It's our national sport.

Naš nacionalni sport. Žalimo se na vreme,

We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything,

sport, politiku, na sve.

but actually, complaining is viral misery.

U stvari, žaljenje je zarazna beda.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

Ne širi sunce i svetlost po svetu.

Excuses.

Izgovori. Svi smo upoznali takvog tipa.

We've all met this guy.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Možda smo svi bili taj tip.

Some people have a blamethrower.

Neki ljudi svaljuju krivicu,

They just pass it on to everybody else

samo je prebace na nekog drugog

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

i ne preuzimaju odgovornost za svoja dela.

Opet, teško je slušati nekog ko je takav.

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

Pretposlednji, šesti od ukupno sedam,

embroidery, exaggeration.

kićenje, preuveličavanje.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

U stvari, to obezvređuje naš jezik.

For example, if I see something that really is awesome,

Na primer, ako smatram

da je nešto zaista strava,

what do I call it?

kako ja to nazivam?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying,

I naravno, ovo preterivanje postaje lažno,

potpuno lažno, i mi ne želimo da slušamo

and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.

ljude koji nas lažu.

And finally, dogmatism.

I na kraju, dogmatizam,

The confusion of facts with opinions.

pometnja činjenica i stavova.

When those two things get conflated,

Kada se te dve stvari izmešaju,

you're listening into the wind.

vi slušate uzaludno.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

Znate, neko vas bombarduje mišljenjima kao da su istine.

A to je teško slušati.

It's difficult to listen to that.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

I eto ih, sedam smrtnih grehova govora.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

Ove stvari bi trebalo da izbegavamo.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

Ali, da li postoji pozitivan način da mislimo o ovome?

Yes, there is.

Da, postoji.

I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

Voleo bih da predložim četiri

zaista čvrsta temelja,

that we can stand on if we want our speech

na kojima možemo stajati, ako želimo da naš govor

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

bude moćan i promeni svet.

Srećom, ove stvari formiraju reč.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

Ta reč je "hail" (engl. grad) koja ima i šire značenje.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

Ne mislim na ono što pada sa neba

i udara vas po glavi.

and hits you on the head.

Milslim na ovu definiciju:

I'm talking about this definition,

"pozdraviti ili entuzijastično odobravati",

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

kako ja mislim da će naše reči biti prihvaćene,

which is how I think our words will be received

if we stand on these four things.

ako se oslonimo na ove četiri stvari.

So what do they stand for?

Šta one predstavljaju?

See if you can guess.

Vidite da li možete da pogodite.

The H, honesty, of course,

H - honesty (iskrenost), naravno,

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

budi iskren u onome što govoriš, budi ispravan i tačan.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

A - autentičnost, samo budi ono što jesi.

A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,

Jedan moj prijatelj je opisao ovo

kao stajanje na sopstvenoj istini,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

što je divan način za objašnjenje.

The I is integrity, being your word,

I - integritet, budi ono što govoriš,

actually doing what you say,

u stvari, radi ono što govoriš,

and being somebody people can trust.

i budi neko kome ljudi mogu da veruju.

L - love (ljubav).

And the L is love.

I don't mean romantic love,

Ne mislim na romantičnu ljubav,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

već da drugim ljudima želiš dobro, iz dva razloga.

First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.

Prvo, smatram da totalna iskrenost

nije ono što mi želimo.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

"O bože, izgledaš ružno ovoga jutra."

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Možda to nije neophodno.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

Obavijena s ljubavlju, naravno, iskrenost je sjajna stvar.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

Isto tako, ako zaista nekome želite dobro,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

veoma je teško da ga osuđujete u isto vreme.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.

Nisam ni siguran da možete te dve stvari raditi

u isto vreme.

So hail.

Zato, pozdravljajte!

Also, now that's what you say,

Sada, to što kažete, kao u staroj pesmi

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

jesu vaše reči koje govorite,

it's also the way that you say it.

ali takođe je i način na koji govorite.

You have an amazing toolbox.

Imate neverovatnu kutiju za alat.

This instrument is incredible,

Instrument je sjajan,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

a ipak to je kutija koju je malo ljudi otvorilo.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now

Voleo bih da malo ispreturam po njoj

sa vama i da izvučem nekoliko alata

and just pull a few tools out

that you might like to take away and play with,

koje biste možda poneli sa sobom i poigrali se,

i koji će povećati moć vašeg govora.

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

Registar, na primer.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

Falseto registar možda nije baš koristan u većini slučajeva,

but there's a register in between.

ali postoji srednji registar.

Neću biti baš precizan oko ovoga,

I'm not going to get very technical about this

za sve vas koji ste glasovni treneri.

for any of you who are voice coaches.

U svakom slučaju, možete locirati vaš glas.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

Tako da, ako pričam iz nosa, možete čuti razliku.

Ako pričam iz grla,

If I go down here in my throat,

kako i većina nas priča sve vreme.

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

Ali, ako želite težinu,

you need to go down here to the chest.

morate se spustiti do grudi.

You hear the difference?

Čujete razliku?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

Glasamo za političare sa dubljim glasovima, tačno je,

because we associate depth with power

jer dubinu povezujemo sa snagom

and with authority.

i autoritetom.

That's register.

To je registar.

Then we have timbre.

Potom imamo boju glasa.

It's the way your voice feels.

Način na koji vaš glas deluje drugima.

Again, the research shows

Istraživanja pokazuju da više volimo glasove

that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm,

koji su bogati, glatki, topli, kao topla čokolada.

like hot chocolate.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

Ako to niste vi, nije kraj sveta,

because you can train.

jer možete da trenirate.

Go and get a voice coach.

Nabavite sebi glasovnog trenera.

And there are amazing things you can do

Neverovatne su stvari koje možete da uradite,

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

disanjem, držanjem, vežbama

to improve the timbre of your voice.

da biste poboljšali boju vašeg glasa.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

Zatim prozodija, obožavam prozodiju.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

To je pevušenje, metajezik,

that we use in order to impart meaning.

koji koristimo da bismo naglasili značenje.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

Koren značenja u razgovoru.

People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to

Ljude koji sve govore u jednom tonu

je jako teško slušati,

if they don't have any prosody at all.

ako nemaju nikakvu prozodiju.

That's where the word "monotonic" comes from,

Otuda i poreklo reči monotono,

or monotonous, monotone.

ili jednolično, jedan ton.

Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

Isto tako sada imamo repetitivnu prozodiju,

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

gde se svaka rečenica završava kao da je upitna,

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement?

a u stvari nije pitanje, već tvrdnja.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And if you repeat that one,

Ako ponavljate to iznova i iznova,

it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,

u stvari ćete ograničiti svoju mogućnost

da pričate kroz prozodiju,

što mislim da je šteta.

which I think is a shame,

so let's try and break that habit.

Hajde da probamo da prekinemo tu naviku.

Tempo. Mogu da budem veoma uzbuđen

Pace.

I can get very excited by saying something really quickly,

i da govorim nešto veoma, veoma brzo,

ili mogu da usporim da bih nešto naglasio.

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence.

Na kraju je, naravno, naša stara prijateljica

tišina.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?

Nema ništa lošeg ako u razgovoru imamo

malo tišine, zar ne?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

Ne moramo da ga ispunimo sa "ah" i "hm".

It can be very powerful.

Može biti veoma moćna.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

Naravno, visina ide često pod ruku sa tempom,

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

ne bi li iskazala uzbuđenje, ali visina može biti dovoljna.

Where did you leave my keys?

Gde si ostavio moje ključeve?

(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys?

Gde si ostavio moje ključeve?

So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.

Tako mala promena u značenju

te dve rečenice.

And finally, volume.

I konačno, jačina.

(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume.

Mogu biti veoma uzbuđen koristeći jačinu.

Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.

Izvinjavam se ako sam preplašio nekoga.

Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.

Ili vas mogu naterati da zaista obratite pažnju,

ako postanem veoma tih.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

Neki ljudi kao da emituju program sve vreme.

Try not to do that.

Probajte da ne radite to.

That's called sodcasting,

To se zove limitiranje programa,

(Laughter)

Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.

nametanje vašeg glasa ljudima oko vas

bezobzirno i nemarno. Nije lepo.

Not nice.

Naravno, sve ovo stupa na scenu

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

is when you've got something really important to do.

kada imate da uradite nešto zaista važno.

Može biti i stajanje na pozornici

It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.

poput ove i držanje govora.

It might be proposing marriage,

Može biti i prosidba,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

traženje povišice, svadbeni govor.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

Šta god da je, ako je zaista važno,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

sebi dugujete da pogledate u tu kutiju sa alatom,

and the engine that it's going to work on,

i motor koji će vas pokrenuti,

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

a nijedan motor ne radi dobro bez zagrevanja.

Warm up your voice.

Zagrejte vaš glas.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

U stvari, dopustite mi da vam pokažem kako.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

Da li biste svi ustali na trenutak?

I'm going to show you

Pokazaću vam šest glasovnih vežbi za zagrevanje,

the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.

koje ja radim pre svakog govora koji držim.

Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

Svaki put kada budete hteli da razgovarate s nekim važnim, uradite ovo.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

Prvo, ruke gore, duboko udahnite,

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

i izdahnite, ahhhh, ovako.

One more time.

Još jednom.

Ahhhh, very good.

Ahhh, veoma dobro.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

Sada ćemo zagrejati naša usta,

and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba,

i idemo sa ba, ba, ba, ba, ba,

Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good.

ba, ba, ba. Jako dobro.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

I sada, brrrrrrr,

just like when you were a kid.

kao kada ste bili deca.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

Brrrr. Vaše usne bi sada trebalo da živnu.

We're going to do the tongue next

Sada ćemo početi sa jezikom,

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

sa prenaglašenim: la, la, la, la, la...

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

Sjajno. Postajete stvarno dobri u ovome.

I sada, zakotrljajte R. Rrrrrrrrrr.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

To je kao šampanjac za jezik.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

I na kraju, ako mogu samo još jednu,

the pros call this the siren.

profesionalci ovo zovu sirenom.

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

Veoma je dobro. Počinje sa "vi" i prelazi u "av".

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

"Vi" je visoko, "av" je nisko.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

Idete ovako, viiiiiiavvvvv, viiiiiavvvvv.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Fantastično. Častite sebe jednim aplauzom.

Take a seat, thank you.

Sedite, hvala vam. (Aplauz)

(Applause)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

Sledeći put kada budete govorili, uradite to unapred.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

Dozvolite mi da sve stavim u kontekst zaključka.

This is a serious point here.

Ovo je važna tačka.

This is where we are now, right?

Ovde se nalazimo sada, zar ne?

We speak not very well

Ne govorimo baš najbolje

to people who simply aren't listening

sa ljudima koji jednostavno ne slušaju,

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

u okruženju koje je bučno i loše ozvučeno.

I have talked about that on this stage in different phases.

O tome sam govorio na ovoj sceni

u različitim fazama.

What would the world be like

Kakav bi svet bio,

if we were speaking powerfully

ako bismo govorili moćno

to people who were listening consciously

ljudima koji bi pažljivo slušali

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

u okruženju koje je odgovarajuće?

Or to make that a bit larger,

Ili da proširim,

what would the world be like

kakav bi svet bio

if we were creating sound consciously

ako bismo zvuk stvarali svesno,

and consuming sound consciously

i upotrebljavali zvukove svesno,

and designing all our environments

i kreirali naše okruženje

svesno za zvuk?

consciously for sound?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

To bi bio svet koji bi zaista zvučao prelepo,

and one where understanding would be the norm,

i gde bi se razumevanje

smatralo pravilom,

and that is an idea worth spreading.

i to je ideja koja je vredna širenja.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

Hvala. (Aplauz)