How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | TED

Translator: Neus Bonilla Benages Reviewer: Silvia AM

The human voice:

La veu humana:

It's the instrument we all play.

és l'instrument que tots toquem.

Probablement, és el so més poderós del món.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

És l’únic que pot començar una guerra

It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."

o dir “t’estimo”.

And yet many people have the experience

I, amb tot, a molta gent li passa que,

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

quan parla, no els escolten.

And why is that?

I això, per què?

How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?

Com podem parlar de manera convincent

per canviar les coses?

What I'd like to suggest,

El que m’agradaria suggerir és

there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.

que ens hem de desempallegar d’uns certs costums.

I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.

Us he reunit

set pecats capitals que cometem a l’hora de parlar.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

No pretenc pas fer-ne una llista exhaustiva,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.

però penso que aquests set són bastant comuns

i que tots hi podem caure.

First, gossip.

El primer, criticar,

Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

parlar malament d’algú quan no hi és.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

No és un bon costum, i sabem perfectament

the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.

que la persona que critica, al cap d’uns quants minuts

ens criticarà a nosaltres.

Second, judging.

El segon, jutjar.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

Tots coneixem gent que és així quan parla,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

i és molt difícil escoltar algú

if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.

quan saps que t’està jutjant

i alhora sentir-te volgut .

Third, negativity.

El tercer, la negativitat.

És fàcil caure-hi.

You can fall into this.

My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,

La meva mare, durant els seus últims anys de vida,

es va tornar molt, molt negativa, i costava escoltar-la.

and it's hard to listen.

Recordo que un dia li vaig dir:

I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today,"

“Avui és 1 d’octubre”,

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

i ella va respondre, “Ja, quina cosa més horrible, oi?”

(Laughter)

(Riuen)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

Costa escoltar una persona tan negativa.

(Laughter)

And another form of negativity, complaining.

Una altra cara de la negativitat: queixar-se.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

Bé, aquest és l’art nacional del Regne Unit.

It's our national sport.

És el nostre esport nacional. Ens queixem del temps,

We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything,

dels esports, de la política, de tot,

but actually, complaining is viral misery.

però, de fet, queixar-se és misèria vírica.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

No escampem alegria ni benevolència pel món.

Excuses.

Excuses. Tothom en coneix algú que es així.

We've all met this guy.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Potser nosaltres mateixos ho hem sigut.

Some people have a blamethrower.

Hi ha gent que sempre culpa els altres.

They just pass it on to everybody else

La culpa sempre la tenen els altres,

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

i no es fan responsables de les seves accions,

i repeteixo: costa escoltar la gent que es comporta així.

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

En penúltim lloc, el sisè dels set,

embroidery, exaggeration.

inflar els fets, exagerar.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

De fet, de vegades deteriora la llengua.

For example, if I see something that really is awesome,

Per exemple, si veig una cosa

que de debò és genial,

what do I call it?

com n'hi dic?

(Laughter)

(Riuen)

And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying,

I aleshores, és clar, l'exageració es converteix en mentida,

una mentida rere una altra, i no volem escoltar

and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.

la gent que sabem que ens diu mentides.

And finally, dogmatism.

I, finalment, el dogmatisme,

The confusion of facts with opinions.

confondre fets i opinions.

When those two things get conflated,

Quan es barregen aquestes dues coses,

you're listening into the wind.

sentim ploure.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

Ja m'enteneu, quan algú et bombardeja amb les seves opinions, com si fossin certes.

It's difficult to listen to that.

Costa escoltar-les.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

Doncs aquí els teniu, els set pecats capitals a l'hora de parlar.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

Crec que els hem d'evitar.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

Però, hi ha cap manera positiva d'encarar-ho, tot això?

Yes, there is.

Sí.

I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

M'agradaria suggerir que hi ha quatre

pilars, fonaments molt importants

that we can stand on if we want our speech

en què ens podem recolzar si volem que el nostre discurs

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

sigui convincent i canviar les coses.

Per sort, aquestes quatre coses conformen una paraula.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

Aquesta paraula és "HAIL", i té una bona definició.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

No em refereixo a això que baixa del cel

i et cau al cap.

and hits you on the head.

Parlo de la definició de

I'm talking about this definition,

saludar o aclamar amb entusiasme,

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

que penso que és la manera com es rebran les nostres paraules

which is how I think our words will be received

if we stand on these four things.

si ens recolzem en aquests quatre pilars.

So what do they stand for?

Què representen, doncs?

See if you can guess.

A veure si ho endevineu.

La H, honestedat, és clar,

The H, honesty, of course,

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

dir la veritat, de manera directa i clara.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

La A és d'autenticitat, ser tu mateix.

A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,

Un amic meu la va descriure com

quedar-se en la veritat pròpia,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

que penso que és una manera molt bonica de dir-ho.

The I is integrity, being your word,

La I ve d'integritat, respectar les teves paraules,

actually doing what you say,

complir el que dius,

and being somebody people can trust.

i ser una persona amb qui es pot confiar.

i la L és de "LOVE" (amor).

And the L is love.

I don't mean romantic love,

No em refereixo a l'amor en el sentit romàntic,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

sinó voler que a la gent li vagi bé, per dues raons.

First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.

En primer lloc, penso que la honestedat absoluta

no és el que busquem.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

Vull dir: ostres, avui et veig lleig.

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Potser no cal.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

Moderada amb amor, és clar, l'honestedat és un gran què.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

Però, a més, si realment desitges que a algú li vagin bé les coses,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

és molt difícil jutjar-lo a la vegada.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.

Ni tan sols estic segur que puguem fer aquestes dues coses

a la vegada.

So hail.

Així, doncs, "HAIL".

Also, now that's what you say,

A més, és el que dieu,

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

Ja ho deia la cançó, "és el que dius",

it's also the way that you say it.

però també és la manera com ho dius.

You have an amazing toolbox.

Tenim una caixa d'eines fantàstica.

This instrument is incredible,

Aquest instrument és increïble,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

i, amb tot, és una caixa d'eines que molt poca gent ha obert.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now

M'agradaria que hi féssim una ullada

i que en traguéssim unes quantes eines

and just pull a few tools out

that you might like to take away and play with,

que potser us voldreu endur i explorar,

perquè us ajudaran a parlar d'una manera més convincent.

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

El registre, per exemple.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

El registre del falset potser no ens resultarà mai gaire útil,

but there's a register in between.

però hi ha un registre intermedi.

I'm not going to get very technical about this

No entraré gaire en la tècnica

per si hi ha professors de cant per aquí.

for any of you who are voice coaches.

El cas és que la veu es pot col·locar.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

Si parlo així, amb el nas, noteu la diferència.

Si baixo la veu aquí al coll,

If I go down here in my throat,

que és des d'on parlem la majoria tota l'estona.

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

Però si el que voleu és pes,

you need to go down here to the chest.

heu d'anar a buscar-lo aquí al pit.

You hear the difference?

Sentiu la diferència?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

Votem els polítics amb veus més greus, és veritat,

because we associate depth with power

perquè associem el so greu amb el poder

and with authority.

i amb l'autoritat.

That's register.

Fins aquí el registre.

Then we have timbre.

I ara, parlem del timbre.

It's the way your voice feels.

És la manera com sona la veu.

Again, the research shows

Els estudis també demostren que preferim les veus

that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm,

plenes, suaus, càlides, com la xocolata desfeta.

like hot chocolate.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

Si no és el vostre cas, bé, no patiu,

because you can train.

perquè us podeu entrenar.

Go and get a voice coach.

Feu classes de cant.

And there are amazing things you can do

Es poden fer moltíssimes coses increïbles

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

amb la respiració, la postura, i exercicis

to improve the timbre of your voice.

per millorar el timbre de la veu.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

També hi ha la prosòdia. M'encanta, la prosòdia.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

És la cantarella, el metallenguatge,

that we use in order to impart meaning.

que fem servir per transmetre significat.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

És fonamental per transmetre el sentit.

People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to

La gent que parla en la mateixa nota

costa d'escoltar

if they don't have any prosody at all.

si no fan servir gens la prosòdia.

That's where the word "monotonic" comes from,

D'aquí ve la paraula "monotonia",

or monotonous, monotone.

o "monòton": "mono" i "ton".

Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

També tenim la prosòdia repetitiva,

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

quan acabem totes les frases com si fossin una pregunta?

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement?

quan no són una pregunta sinó una afirmació?

(Laughter)

(Riuen)

And if you repeat that one,

I si ho repetim una vegada rere l'altra,

it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,

limitem la nostra habilitat

de comunicar-nos mitjançant la prosòdia,

la qual cosa penso que és una llàstima,

which I think is a shame,

so let's try and break that habit.

per tant, mirem d'evitar aquest costum.

El ritme. Em puc emocionar molt

Pace.

I can get very excited by saying something really quickly,

i dir una cosa molt i molt de pressa,

o puc dir-la molt lentament per donar-hi èmfasi,

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence.

i al final hi ha el nostre vell amic, és clar:

el silenci.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?

Una mica de silenci en una conversa

no fa mal, oi?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

No cal omplir-lo amb hmmms i aaahs.

It can be very powerful.

Pot tenir molta força.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

És clar, el to sovint va lligat amb el ritme

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

per indicar que t'emociones, però també ho podem fer només amb el to.

Where did you leave my keys?

On m'has deixat les claus?

(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys?

On m'has deixat les claus?

So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.

Hi ha una lleugera diferència de significat

entre aquestes dues maneres de dir-ho.

And finally, volume.

I, finalment, el volum.

(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume.

Em puc emocionar molt i apujar el volum.

Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.

Disculpeu si he espantat algú.

Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.

O puc captar la vostra atenció

si parlo fluixet.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

N'hi ha que parlen sempre perquè els sentin.

Try not to do that.

Procureu no fer-ho.

That's called sodcasting,

D'això se'n diu molestar,

(Laughter)

Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.

imposar la teva veu a la gent del teu voltant

sense miraments i inconsideradament. No ens agrada.

Not nice.

És clar que tot això s'ha d'aplicar sobretot

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

is when you've got something really important to do.

quan has de fer alguna cosa molt important,

com, per exemple, pujar a l'escenari com jo

It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.

i fer un discurs.

It might be proposing marriage,

Pot ser demanar matrimoni,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

un augment de sou, fer un discurs en un casament.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

Sigui el que sigui, si és important de debò,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

depen d'un mateix fixar-se en aquesta caixa d'eines

and the engine that it's going to work on,

i en el motor en què l'aplicarem,

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

i no hi ha motor que funcioni sense escalfament.

Warm up your voice.

Escalfeu la veu.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

De fet, us ensenyaré com s'ha de fer.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

Que us faria res aixecar-vos un moment?

I'm going to show you

Us ensenyaré els sis exercicis per escalfar la veu

the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.

que faig abans de tots i cadascun dels meus discursos.

Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

Cada cop que hàgiu de parlar amb algú important, feu-los.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

Primer de tot, aixequeu els braços, respireu profundament,

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

i expireu, ahhh, així.

One more time.

Tornem-hi.

Ahhhh, very good.

Ahhhh, molt bé.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

Ara escalfarem els llavis,

and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba,

i farem: ba, ba, ba, ba,

Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good.

ba, ba, ba, ba. Molt bé.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

I ara, brrrrrrrrrr,

just like when you were a kid.

com quan érem nens.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

Brrrrrrr. Els llavis se us haurien de despertar.

We're going to do the tongue next

Llavors escalfarem la llengua

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

amb un exagerat la, la, la, la, la.

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

Perfecte. Cada cop us surt més bé.

I llavors, dieu una R. Rrrrrr.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

Per a llengua és com xampany.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

Finalment, i si només en puc fer un,

the pros call this the siren.

els professionals en diuen "la sirena".

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

Va molt bé. Comencem fent "ui" i aleshores fem "uh".

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

El "ui" és agut, el "uh", greu.

Hem de fer: uuuuiiiiiii, uuuhhhh.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Fantàstic. Un fort aplaudiment per a tots vosaltres.

Take a seat, thank you.

Ja podeu seure, gràcies. (Aplaudeixen)

(Applause)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

El proper cop, abans de parlar, feu-los.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

I, ara, per acabar, permeteu-me que posi tot això en context.

This is a serious point here.

Això és seriós.

This is where we are now, right?

És el que ens passa, oi?

We speak not very well

No sabem parlar gaire

to people who simply aren't listening

amb la gent que senzillament no ens escolta,

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

en ambients plens de soroll i una mala acústica.

I have talked about that on this stage in different phases.

Us n'he parlat en aquest escenari

en diferents fases.

What would the world be like

Com seria, el món,

if we were speaking powerfully

si parléssim amb convicció

amb la gent que escolta amb atenció

to people who were listening consciously

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

en ambients adequats per a aquest fi?

Or to make that a bit larger,

O, per dir-ho de manera més general,

what would the world be like

com seria, el món,

if we were creating sound consciously

si creéssim so conscientment

i el consumíssim conscientment

and consuming sound consciously

and designing all our environments

i dissenyéssim els ambiens

consciously for sound?

conscientment per millorar el so?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

Seria un món amb un so bonic,

and one where understanding would be the norm,

un món en què entendre'ns

seria la norma,

and that is an idea worth spreading.

i aquesta idea val la pena difondre-la.

Thank you.

Gràcies.

(Applause)

Gràcies. (L'aplaudeixen)