How to speak so that people want to listen | Julian Treasure | TED

Translator: Andreja Benčina Reviewer: Matej Divjak

The human voice:

Človeški glas:

Glasbilo, na katerega igramo vsi.

It's the instrument we all play.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

Je najverjetneje najmogočnejši zvok na svetu.

Je edini, ki lahko sproži vojno

It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."

ali reče: "Ljubim te."

And yet many people have the experience

A kljub temu veliko ljudi doživi, da jih ljudje ne poslušajo, ko govorijo.

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

And why is that?

Zakaj je temu tako?

How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?

Kako lahko govorimo z vplivom,

da spremenimo svet?

What I'd like to suggest,

Mislim, da gre pri tem le za veliko navad, ki se jim moramo odreči.

there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.

Tako sem tu pripravil

I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.

seznam sedmih smrtnih grehov govorjenja.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

To ni nikakršen končen seznam,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.

a mislim, da je tu sedem precej obsežnih navad,

ki jim lahko podležemo.

First, gossip.

Prva, opravljanje;

Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

govoriti slabo o nekom, ki ga ni tam.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

Ni lepa navada, in zelo dobro vemo, da bo oseba, s katero opravljamo,

the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.

čez pet minut opravljala nas.

Second, judging.

Druga, obsojanje.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

Vsi poznamo koga, ki je tak v pogovoru in težko je poslušati nekoga,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.

vedoč, da te obsoja in hkrati vceplja občutek manjvrednosti.

Third, negativity.

Tretja, negativnost.

You can fall into this.

Lahko zapadete vanjo.

My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,

Moja mati je v zadnjih letih življenja

postala zelo negativna in težko je to poslušati.

and it's hard to listen.

Spominjam se, da sem ji nekega dne rekel: "Danes je prvi oktober."

I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today,"

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

in odgovorila je: "Vem, ali ni grozno?"

(Smeh)

(Laughter)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

Težko je poslušati, če je nekdo tako zelo negativen.

(Laughter)

And another form of negativity, complaining.

Druga oblika nezadovoljstva, pritoževanje.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

To je nacionalna umetnost Velike Britanije.

It's our national sport.

Je naš nacionalni šport.

We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything,

Pritožujemo se čez vreme, šport, politiko, vse,

but actually, complaining is viral misery.

a pritoževanje je pravzaprav virusni obup.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

Ni širjenje svetlobe in lahkotnosti po svetu.

Excuses.

Izgovori. Vsi smo že srečali tega tipa.

We've all met this guy.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Mogoče smo že vsi bili ta tip.

Some people have a blamethrower.

Nekateri ljudje imajo metalec krivde.

They just pass it on to everybody else

Samo prelagajo jo na vse ostale in ne prevzemajo odgovornosti za svoja dejanja.

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

Spet, so to ljudje, ki jih je zelo težko poslušati.

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

Predzadnja, šesta od sedmih,

embroidery, exaggeration.

leporečenje, pretiravanje.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

Včasih pravzaprav razvrednotita naš jezik.

For example, if I see something that really is awesome,

Na primer, če vidim nekaj, kar je zares super,

what do I call it?

kako bom to opisal?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying,

In potem to pretiravanje postane laganje,

dan in noč laganje in nočemo poslušati ljudi, za katere vemo, da nam lažejo.

and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.

And finally, dogmatism.

In zadnja, dogmatizem;

The confusion of facts with opinions.

pomešati dejstva z mnenji.

When those two things get conflated,

Ko se ta dva pojma združita, je vse mlatenje prazne slame.

you're listening into the wind.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

Saj veste, nekdo vas zasuva s svojimi mnenji, kot da so resnica.

Temu je težko prisluhniti.

It's difficult to listen to that.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

Tu je sedem smrtnih grehov govorjenja.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

To so reči, ki bi se jim morali izogibati.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

Ali obstaja način, kako o tem razmišljati pozitivno?

Yes, there is.

Da, obstaja.

I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

Mislim, da obstajajo štirje zelo močni vogali, temelji, na katerih lahko stojimo,

that we can stand on if we want our speech

če želimo, da je naš govor vpliven

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

in bo povzročil spremembe v svetu.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

Na srečo te reči črkujejo besedo.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

Beseda je "hail" (toča) in ima tudi odlično definicijo.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

Ne govorim o snovi, ki pada z neba in ti poškoduje glavo.

and hits you on the head.

Govorim o tej definiciji, pozdraviti z navdušenjem,

I'm talking about this definition,

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

s čimer mislim na to, kako bodo naše besede sprejete,

which is how I think our words will be received

if we stand on these four things.

če se opiramo na te štiri reči.

So what do they stand for?

Kaj torej predstavljajo?

See if you can guess.

Poskušajte uganiti.

The H, honesty, of course,

Poštenost, seveda;

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

govoriti resnico, biti direkten in jasen.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

Pristnost, biti to kar si.

A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,

Moj prijatelj jo je opisal kot stati v svoji lastni resnici,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

kar mislim, da je posrečeno.

The I is integrity, being your word,

Zanesljivost, biti mož beseda, dejansko narediti, kar obljubiš,

actually doing what you say,

and being somebody people can trust.

in biti nekdo, ki mu lahko ljudje zaupajo.

And the L is love.

In še ljubezen.

I don't mean romantic love,

Ne govorim o romantični ljubezni,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

ampak o dobronamernosti in to iz dveh razlogov.

First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.

Prvič, ker mislim, da absolutna poštenost mogoče ni tisto, kar hočemo.

Mislim, mojbog, kako grda si to jutro.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Morda to ni ravno potrebno.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

Kaljena z ljubeznijo, seveda, je poštenost odlična stvar.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

Poleg tega, če nekomu res želite dobro,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

jih je zelo težko hkrati obsojati.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.

Sploh nisem prepričan, če lahko ti dve stvari

počnete hkrati.

So hail.

Zato toča.

Also, now that's what you say,

To je to, kar govorite, in je kot tista pesem,

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

bistvo je, kar govorite, ampak je tudi, kako govorite.

it's also the way that you say it.

You have an amazing toolbox.

Imate čudovito škatlo z orodjem.

This instrument is incredible,

Ta inštrument je neverjeten,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

a vendar je to škatlo do sedaj odprlo zelo malo ljudi.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now

Rad bi z vami malo pošaril tam noter in potegnil ven nekaj orodij,

and just pull a few tools out

that you might like to take away and play with,

ki jih boste morda odnesli, da se z njimi poigrate,

kar bo povečalo moč vašega govorjenja.

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

Register, na primer.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

Mogoče falzet večinoma ni ravno uporaben,

but there's a register in between.

a obstaja register nekje vmes.

I'm not going to get very technical about this

Ne bom šel v tehnične podrobnosti za vse vokalne učitelje.

for any of you who are voice coaches.

Vendar lahko poiščete svoj glas.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

Če zdaj govorim skozi nos, lahko slišite razliko.

Če govorim nizko iz grla, takole,

If I go down here in my throat,

mesta, iz katerega večinoma govorimo vsi.

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

A če hočete težo,

you need to go down here to the chest.

morate globoko dol v prsni koš.

You hear the difference?

Slišite razliko?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

Resnica je, da volimo za politike z nižjim glasom,

because we associate depth with power

ker povezujemo globino z močjo

and with authority.

in avtoriteto.

That's register.

To je register.

Then we have timbre.

Potem imamo barvo glasu.

It's the way your voice feels.

To je občutek vašega glasu.

Again, the research shows

Raziskave spet kažejo, da imamo rajši glasove,

that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm,

ki so bogati, gladki, topli, kot vroča čokolada.

like hot chocolate.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

Če to niste vi, ni konec sveta,

because you can train.

ker lahko vadite.

Go and get a voice coach.

Poiščite vokalnega učitelja.

And there are amazing things you can do

Z dihanjem, držo in vajami lahko dosežete čudovite reči

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

to improve the timbre of your voice.

za izboljšavo barve vašega glasu.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

Nato prozodija. Obožujem prozodijo.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

To je prepevanje, meta-jezik,

that we use in order to impart meaning.

ki ga uporabljamo za določanje pomena.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

Je osnova za pomen v pogovoru.

People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to

Ljudi, ki govorijo monotono

je zares težko poslušati,

if they don't have any prosody at all.

če ne uporabljajo prozodije.

That's where the word "monotonic" comes from,

Od tu izhaja beseda monotonski

or monotonous, monotone.

ali monoton, eno-tonski.

Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

Potem imamo tudi ponavljajočo se prozodijo,

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

kjer se vsak stavek konča kot vprašanje,

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement?

ko to ni, je izjava?

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

And if you repeat that one,

In če to ponavljate ves čas, to pravzaprav omejuje vašo sposobnost

it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,

komuniciranja prek prozodije, kar je res škoda.

which I think is a shame,

so let's try and break that habit.

Zato poskusimo prekiniti s to navado.

Pace.

Ritem. Lahko sem zelo, zelo vzhičen in govorim res, res hitro,

I can get very excited by saying something really quickly,

ali čisto upočasnim za poudarek,

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence.

in na koncu tega je naša stara prijateljica,

tišina.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?

Nič ni narobe s kančkom tišine v govoru, kajne?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

Ni nam je treba zapolniti z em in ah.

It can be very powerful.

Lahko je zelo močna.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

Z ritmom gre seveda skupaj višina glasu,

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

ki nakazuje razburjenje, a lahko ga dosežete zgolj z višino.

Where did you leave my keys?

Kje si pustil moje ključe?

(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys?

Kje si pustil moje ključe?

So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.

Torej nekoliko različen pomen

v teh dveh načinih.

And finally, volume.

In končno, glasnost.

(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume.

Lahko sem zares razburjen z glasnostjo.

Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.

Opravičujem se, če sem koga prestrašil.

Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.

Lahko pa vas pripravim, da res poslušate,

tako da sem zelo tih.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

Nekateri ljudje ves čas govorijo kot TV komentatorji. Poskusite se tega odvaditi.

Try not to do that.

That's called sodcasting,

Temu rečemo "telefon na avtobusu",

(Laughter)

Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.

vsiljevanje svojega zvoka drugim,

nespametno in brez uvidevnosti. Ni lepo.

Not nice.

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

Seveda, je vse to zelo uporabno,

is when you've got something really important to do.

ko imate res pomemben opravek.

Lahko je nastop na odru, kot je tale, in predavati ljudem.

It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.

It might be proposing marriage,

Lahko je snubitev,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

prošnja za povišico, poročni govor.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

Karkoli je, če je res pomembno,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

si dolgujete, da pogledate v to škatlo

and the engine that it's going to work on,

in v motor, ki bo delo opravljal

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

in noben motor ne dela dobro brez ogrevanja.

Warm up your voice.

Ogrejte svoj glas.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

Pravzaprav, naj vam pokažem, kako to naredite.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

Če vsi za trenutek vstanete, prosim.

I'm going to show you

Pokazal vam bom šest vokalnih ogrevalnih vaj,

the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.

ki jih sam delam pred vsakim govorom.

Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

Kadarkoli boste govorili s kom pomembnim, naredite te vaje.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

Najprej, roke v zrak, globok vdih

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

in izdih, ahhhhh, takole.

One more time.

Še enkrat.

Ahhhh, very good.

Ahhhhh. Zelo dobro.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

Zdaj bomo ogreli naše ustnice

and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba,

in bomo govorili ba, ba, ba, ba,

Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good.

ba, ba, ba, ba. Zelo dobro.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

In zdaj, brrrrrrrrrr,

just like when you were a kid.

tako kot tedaj, ko ste bili otroci.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

Brrrr. No, zdaj bi morale vaše ustnice oživeti.

We're going to do the tongue next

Sedaj je na vrsti jezik.

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

Pretiravajte z la, la, la, la, la, la.

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

Krasno. Res postajate dobri v tem.

In potem recite trdo R. Rrrrrrrrr.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

To je kot šampanjec za jezik.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

In na koncu, če lahko naredim samo eno,

the pros call this the siren.

profesionalci temu rečejo sirena.

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

Res je dobra, Začne se z 'we' in gre naprej v 'aw'.

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

'We' je visok in 'aw' je nizek.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

In tako greste weeeeeeaawwww, weeeeaawwww.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Odlično. Zaploskajte si.

Take a seat, thank you.

Sedite, hvala. (Aplavz)

(Applause)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

Naslednjič, ko boste govorili, prej naredite to.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

Zdaj naj za zaključek vse to postavim v kontekst.

This is a serious point here.

Sedaj je na vrsti resen del.

This is where we are now, right?

Tu smo sedaj, kajne.

We speak not very well

Ne govorimo preveč dobro, ljudem, ki preprosto ne poslušajo,

to people who simply aren't listening

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

v okolju, ki je polno hrupa in slabe akustike.

I have talked about that on this stage in different phases.

O tem sem govoril na tem odru na različnih stopnjah.

What would the world be like

Kakšen bi bil svet,

if we were speaking powerfully

če bi govorili z močjo,

to people who were listening consciously

ljudem, ki pozorno poslušajo,

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

v okolju, ki bi bilo primerno namenu?

Or to make that a bit larger,

Ali da to malo bolj posplošim:

what would the world be like

kakšen bi bil svet,

if we were creating sound consciously

če bi zvok zavestno proizvajali,

and consuming sound consciously

ga zavestno vpijali

and designing all our environments

in naša okolja oblikovali

zavestno za zvok?

consciously for sound?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

To bi bil svet, ki se res sliši odlično,

and one where understanding would be the norm,

svet, kjer bi razumevanje

postalo norma

and that is an idea worth spreading.

in to je ideja, ki jo je vredno širiti.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

Hvala. (Aplavz)