How to Speak So That People Want to Listen | Julian Treasure | TED

Prevoditelj: Ivana Kordic Recezent: Maja Covic

The human voice:

Ljudski glas:

It's the instrument we all play.

instrument koji sviramo svi.

To je, vjerojatno, najmoćniji zvuk na svijetu.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

Jedini je koji može započeti rat

It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."

ili reći ''volim te''.

And yet many people have the experience

No mnogi dožive iskustvo

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

da ih ljudi ne slušaju dok govore.

And why is that?

A zašto je to tako?

How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?

Kako možemo govoriti snažno

da izazovemo promjene u svijetu?

What I'd like to suggest,

Želio bih predložiti

there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.

određeni broj navika od kojih se trebamo odmaknuti.

Za vaš sam užitak ovdje izdvojio

I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.

sedam smrtnih grijeha govorništva.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

Ne smatram ovo sveobuhvatnom listom,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.

no mislim da su ovih sedam poprilično velike

navike u koje možemo upasti.

First, gossip.

Prvo, ogovaranje,

Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

govorenje loših stvari o nekome tko nije prisutan.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

Nije lijepa navika, i znamo dobro

the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.

da će osoba koja ogovara pet minuta kasnije

ogovarati nas.

Second, judging.

Drugo, osuđivanje.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

Znamo ljude koji su takvi u razgovorima,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

i vrlo je teško slušati nekoga

if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.

ako znaš da ti se sudi

i da ćeš istovremeno biti proglašen nedovoljno dobrim.

Third, negativity.

Treće, negativnost.

Možete upasti u ovo.

You can fall into this.

My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,

Moja je majka, na kraju svog života,

postala vrlo negativna i teško je to slušati.

and it's hard to listen.

Sjećam se da sam joj jedan dan rekao,

I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today,"

''Danas je 1.10,''

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

a ona je rekla, ''Zar to nije užasno?''

(Smijeh)

(Laughter)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

Teško je slušati kada je netko tako negativan.

(Laughter)

And another form of negativity, complaining.

I drugi oblik negativnosti, žalopojke.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

Ovo je, eto, oblik nacionalne umjetnosti u Ujedinjenom Kraljevstvu.

It's our national sport.

Naš nacionalni sport. Žalimo se na vrijeme,

We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything,

sport, politiku, na sve,

but actually, complaining is viral misery.

no žalopojke su zapravo zarazna bijeda.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

Tako ne širimo sunce i lakoću svijetom.

Excuses.

Isprike. Svi smo upoznali tog tipa.

We've all met this guy.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Možda smo svi bili taj tip.

Some people have a blamethrower.

Neki ljudi imaju naviku okrivljavati druge.

They just pass it on to everybody else

Samo je prebacuju svima drugima

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

i ne preuzimaju odgovornost za svoje djelovanje,

i, opet, teško je slušati nekoga tko je takav.

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

Predzadnji, šesti od sedam,

embroidery, exaggeration.

kićenje, pretjerivanje.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

Ono zapravo ponekad umanjuje naš jezik.

For example, if I see something that really is awesome,

Primjerice, ako vidim nešto

što je zaista fantastično,

what do I call it?

kako to nazovem?

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying,

No onda, naravno, to pretjerivanje postane laganje,

pravo laganje, a ne želimo slušati

and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.

ljude za koje znamo da nam lažu.

And finally, dogmatism.

I, na kraju, dogmatizam,

The confusion of facts with opinions.

brkanje činjenica s mišljenjem.

When those two things get conflated,

Kada se te dvije stvari spoje

you're listening into the wind.

slušaš uzalud.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

Kada vas netko napada mišljenjima kao da su istine.

Teško je to slušati.

It's difficult to listen to that.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

I evo ih, sedam smrtnih grijeha govorništva.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

Smatram da ove stvari treba izbjegavati.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

No postoji li pozitivan način razmišljanja o ovome?

Yes, there is.

Postoji.

I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

Predložio bih četiri

zaista snažna kamena temeljca

that we can stand on if we want our speech

na kojima možemo stajati ako želimo svoj govor

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

učiniti moćnim i sposobnim mijenjati svijet.

Srećom, te kvalitete sriču riječ.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

Riječ je ''hail''(tuča) te i sama postavlja izvrsnu definiciju.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

Ne govorim o tuči koja pada s neba

i pogađa ljude u glavu.

and hits you on the head.

Govorim o ovoj definiciji,

I'm talking about this definition,

pozdraviti entuzijastično,

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

točno onako kako mislim da će naše riječi biti primljene

which is how I think our words will be received

if we stand on these four things.

ako stanemo na te četiri kvalitete.

So what do they stand for?

Koje su to kvalitete?

See if you can guess.

Da vidimo možete li pogoditi.

H je iskrenost (honesty), naravno

The H, honesty, of course,

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

biti iskren u onome što kažete, biti izravan i jasan.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

A je za autentičnost, sposobnost da budete svoji.

A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,

Moj prijatelj opisao ju je kao

stajanje na vlastitoj istini,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

što smatram doista lijepim opisom.

The I is integrity, being your word,

I je za integritet, da to bude vaša riječ,

actually doing what you say,

zaista raditi ono što kažete,

and being somebody people can trust.

i biti netko kome će ljudi vjerovati.

A L je ljubav.

And the L is love.

I don't mean romantic love,

Ne mislim pritom na romantičnu ljubav,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

već na gajenje dobrih namjera prema ljudima, iz dva razloga.

First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.

Na prvome mjestu, potpuna iskrenost

možda i nije ono što želimo.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

"Dragi bože, što ružno izgledaš jutros."

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Možda to i nije potrebno.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

No ublažena ljubavlju iskrenost je, naravno, odlična stvar.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

No isto tako, ako nekome želite dobro,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

vrlo ga je teško istovremeno osuđivati.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.

Nisam baš siguran da te dvije stvari

mogu ići ruku pod ruku.

So hail.

Znači - hail.

Also, now that's what you say,

Tu je ono što kažete,

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

no, kao u staroj pjesmi, ono što kažete,

it's also the way that you say it.

ali bitno je i kako to kažete.

You have an amazing toolbox.

Imate na raspolaganju divnu kutiju s alatom.

This instrument is incredible,

Taj je instrument nevjerojatan,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

no ipak predstavlja kutiju koju je tek malen broj ljudi otvorio.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now

Volio bih sada malo čačkati po njoj

zajedno s vama i izvaditi par alata

and just pull a few tools out

that you might like to take away and play with,

s kojima biste se mogli poigrati,

i koji će povećati moć vašeg govorništva.

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

Glasovni registar, na primjer.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

Falsetto registar možda i neće biti najkorisniji većinu vremena,

but there's a register in between.

no postoji srednji registar.

I'm not going to get very technical about this

Neću otići u mnogo tehničkih detalja

za vas koji ste glasovni treneri.

for any of you who are voice coaches.

Međutim, možete locirati svoj glas.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

Ako govorim u vrhu nosa, možete čuti razliku.

Ako odem ovdje dolje u grlo,

If I go down here in my throat,

odakle većina nas najčešće govori.

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

No ako želite težinu,

you need to go down here to the chest.

morate otići još dalje, do prsa.

You hear the difference?

Čujete li razliku?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

Glasujemo za političare nižih glasova, istina,

because we associate depth with power

zato što dubinu povezujemo s moći

and with authority.

i autoritetom.

That's register.

Toliko o glasovnom registru.

Then we have timbre.

Potom imamo timbar ili boju.

It's the way your voice feels.

Označava osjećaj vlastitog glasa.

Again, the research shows

Istraživanja pokazuju da više volimo glasove

that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm,

koji su bogati, glatki, topli, poput tople čokolade.

like hot chocolate.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

No ako to niste vi, nije kraj svijeta,

because you can train.

jer možete vježbati.

Go and get a voice coach.

Pronađite glasovnog trenera.

And there are amazing things you can do

Postoje divne stvari koje možete napraviti

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

uz disanje, držanje tijela i vježbe

to improve the timbre of your voice.

kako biste popravili timbar svoga glasa.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

Potom prozodija. Volim prozodiju.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

To je pjevan meta-jezik

that we use in order to impart meaning.

koji koristimo da priopćimo značenje.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

Prvi korijen značenja u razgovoru.

People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to

Ljude koji govore u jednom te istom tonu

zaista je teško slušati

if they don't have any prosody at all.

ako nemaju nikakve prozodije.

That's where the word "monotonic" comes from,

Odatle dolazi riječ ''monotonično''

or monotonous, monotone.

ili monotono, jednozvučno.

Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

Postoji i repetativna prozodija

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

pri kojoj svaka rečenica završava kao da je upitna

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement?

iako zapravo nije pitanje nego izjava.

(Laughter)

(Smijeh)

And if you repeat that one,

A ako to ponavljate uvijek i iznova,

it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,

zapravo ograničavate svoju sposobnost

da komunicirate kroz prozodiju,

što smatram da je šteta,

which I think is a shame,

so let's try and break that habit.

pa pokušajmo onda razbiti tu naviku.

Tempo. Mogu postati vrlo, vrlo uzbuđen

Pace.

I can get very excited by saying something really quickly,

govoreći nešto vrlo, vrlo brzo.

ili mogu sasvim usporiti da naglasim nešto,

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence.

a na samom kraju nas, naravno, čeka naš stari prijatelj

tišina.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?

Nema ništa loše u malo tišine

u razgovoru, zar ne?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

Ne moramo je popunjavati s ''hmovima'' i ''ahovima''.

It can be very powerful.

Može biti iznimno moćna.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

Naravno, visina često ide ruku pod ruku s tempom

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

ne bi li označila uzbuđenje, no možete to napraviti samo s visinom.

Where did you leave my keys?

Gdje si ostavio moje ključeve?

(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys?

Gdje si ostavio moje ključeve?

So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.

Blaga je razlika u značenju

u ova dva načina isporuke.

And finally, volume.

I, na kraju, glasnoća.

(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume.

Mogu postati zaista uzbuđen koristeći glasnoću.

Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.

Žao mi je ako je ovo nekoga prepalo.

Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.

Ili vas mogu natjerati da zaista obratite pozornost

tako što postanem vrlo tih.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

Neki ljudi emitiraju program čitavo vrijeme.

Try not to do that.

Pokušajte ne raditi to.

That's called sodcasting,

To se zove limitiranje programa,

(Laughter)

Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.

nametanje vašega glasa ljudima oko vas

nepažljivo i bezobzirno. Nije lijepo.

Not nice.

Naravno, sve ovo najviše dolazi do izražaja

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

is when you've got something really important to do.

kada imate nešto uistinu značajno za napraviti.

Moguće je da to bude stati ovdje

It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.

i održati ljudima govor.

It might be proposing marriage,

Moguće da bude prosidba,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

traženje povišice ili govor na vjenčanju.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

Što god bilo, ako je zaista važno,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

sami sebi ste dužni pogledati u tu kutiju s alatom

and the engine that it's going to work on,

i motor na kojemu će ona raditi,

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

a nijedan motor ne radi dobro dok se ne zagrije.

Warm up your voice.

Zagrijte svoj glas.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

Dopustite mi da vam pokažem kako.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

Mogu li vas zamoliti da nakratko ustanete?

I'm going to show you

Pokazat ću vam šest glasovnih vježbi za zagrijavanje

the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.

koje odradim prije svakog svog govora.

Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

Svaki put kada krenete razgovarati s nekim bitnim, napravite ovo.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

Prvo, ruke gore, duboki udah,

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

i izdaaaaaaah, tako.

One more time.

Još jednom.

Ahhhh, very good.

Aaaaa, jako dobro.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

Sada ćemo zagrijati usne,

and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba,

i krenut ćemo ovako ba, ba, ba, ba,

Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good.

ba, ba, ba, ba. Jako dobro.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

A sada, brrrrrrrrrrrr,

just like when you were a kid.

kao kad ste bili dijete.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

Brrrr. Sada bi vaše usne trebale početi oživljavati.

We're going to do the tongue next

Potom ćemo raditi na jeziku

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

s prenaglašenim la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

Prekrasno. Postajete stvarno dobri u ovome.

A sada zarolajte R.. Rrrrrrr.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

To vam dođe kao šampanjac za jezik.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

Konačno, ako mogu samo jedno napraviti,

the pros call this the siren.

profići ovo nazivaju sirenom.

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

Zaista je dobro. Počinje s ''ui'' i ide prema ''aou.''

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

''Ui'' je visoko, ''aou'' je nisko.

I probajmo, uiiiiiaoooouuuu, uiiiiiaoooouuuu.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

Fantastično. Zaplješćite si.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Take a seat, thank you.

Sjednite, hvala. (Pljesak)

(Applause)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

Idući puta kada budete govorili, napravite to unaprijed.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

Dopustite mi sada da završim stavljajući ovo u kontekst.

This is a serious point here.

Ima jedna ozbiljna poanta.

This is where we are now, right?

Ovdje se trenutno nalazimo, zar ne?

We speak not very well

Ne govorimo baš dobro

to people who simply aren't listening

ljudima koji jednostavno ne slušaju

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

u okruženju koje je sama buka i loša akustika.

I have talked about that on this stage in different phases.

Govorio sam o tome na ovoj pozornici

u različitim fazama.

What would the world be like

Kakav bi svijet bio

if we were speaking powerfully

kada bismo govorili snažno

to people who were listening consciously

ljudima koji slušaju svjesno

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

u okruženjima koja zapravo odgovaraju svrsi?

Or to make that a bit larger,

Ili, da učinimo stvar malo većom,

what would the world be like

kakav bi svijet bio

if we were creating sound consciously

kada bismo zvuk stvarali svjesno

and consuming sound consciously

i trošili ga svjesno

and designing all our environments

i dizajnirali sva svoja okruženja

svjesno radi zvuka?

consciously for sound?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

Bio bi to svijet koji zvuči prekrasno

and one where understanding would be the norm,

i u kojem bi razumijevanje

bilo norma,

and that is an idea worth spreading.

i to je jedna ideja vrijedna širenja.

Thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)