How to Speak So That People Want to Listen | Julian Treasure | TED

Translator: Raimonds Jaks Reviewer: Kristaps Kadiķis

The human voice:

Cilvēka balss

It's the instrument we all play.

ir instruments, ko spēlējam mēs visi.

It's the most powerful sound in the world, probably.

Tā ir, iespējams, varenākā skaņa pasaulē.

Tā ir vienīgā, kas var uzsākt karu vai pateikt: „Es tevi mīlu.”

It's the only one that can start a war or say "I love you."

And yet many people have the experience

Un tomēr daudzu pieredze rāda,

that when they speak, people don't listen to them.

ka, viņiem runājot, cilvēki viņos neklausās.

And why is that?

Kāpēc tas tā ir?

How can we speak powerfully to make change in the world?

Kā varam runāt ar tādu spēku, lai mainītu pasauli?

What I'd like to suggest,

Es vēlos ierosināt,

there are a number of habits that we need to move away from.

ka ir vairāki ieradumi, kas būtu jāatmet.

I've assembled for your pleasure here seven deadly sins of speaking.

Jūsu priekam esmu atlasījis septiņus runātāja nāves grēkus.

I'm not pretending this is an exhaustive list,

Neizlikšos, ka šis saraksts ir pilnīgs,

but these seven, I think, are pretty large habits that we can all fall into.

bet šie septiņi, manuprāt, ir pietiekoši smagi, lai tajos iekristu.

First, gossip.

Pirmkārt, klačas.

Speaking ill of somebody who's not present.

Runāt sliktu par kādu, kas nav klāt.

Not a nice habit, and we know perfectly well

Nejauks ieradums, un mēs pilnīgi droši zinām,

the person gossiping, five minutes later, will be gossiping about us.

ka tas, kurš klačojas, pēc piecām minūtēm klačosies par mums.

Second, judging.

Otrkārt, nosodīšana.

We know people who are like this in conversation,

Mēs pazīstam cilvēkus, kas runājot tā izturas,

and it's very hard to listen to somebody

un ir ļoti grūti klausīties kādā,

if you know that you're being judged and found wanting at the same time.

ja zināt, ka vienlaikus jūs nosoda un piemin jūsu trūkumus.

Third, negativity.

Treškārt, negativitāte.

You can fall into this.

Tajā var iekrist.

My mother, in the last years of her life, became very negative,

Mana māte dzīves pēdējos gados kļuva ļoti, ļoti negatīva,

and it's hard to listen.

un to ir grūti klausīties.

Atceros, viendien viņai teicu: „Šodien ir 1. oktobris.”

I remember one day, I said to her, "It's October 1 today,"

and she said, "I know, isn't it dreadful?"

Un viņa atbildēja: „Vai ne, vai nav šausmīgi?”

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

It's hard to listen when somebody's that negative.

Grūti klausīties, ja kāds ir tik negatīvs.

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

And another form of negativity, complaining.

Cita negativitātes forma ir žēlošanās.

Well, this is the national art of the U.K.

Apvienotajā Karalistē tā ir nacionālā māksla.

It's our national sport.

Tas ir mūsu nacionālais sports.

We complain about the weather, sport, about politics, about everything,

Mēs žēlojamies par laika apstākļiem, sportu, politiku, par visu,

but actually, complaining is viral misery.

bet patiesībā žēlošanās ir lipīga nelaime.

It's not spreading sunshine and lightness in the world.

Tā nenes pasaulei saules gaismu un vieglumu.

Excuses.

Attaisnojumi.

We've all met this guy.

Mēs visi zinām šo cilvēku.

Maybe we've all been this guy.

Varbūt visi esam tādi bijuši.

Some people have a blamethrower.

Daži ir kā vainošanas mašīnas.

They just pass it on to everybody else

Viņi pilnīgi visu noveļ uz citiem

and don't take responsibility for their actions,

un neuzņemas atbildību par savu rīcību.

Arī tādos cilvēkos ir grūti klausīties.

and again, hard to listen to somebody who is being like that.

Penultimate, the sixth of the seven,

Pirmspēdējais, sestais no septiņiem, –

embroidery, exaggeration.

piepušķošana, pārspīlēšana.

It demeans our language, actually, sometimes.

Tā patiesībā dažkārt kropļo mūsu valodu.

For example, if I see something that really is awesome,

Piemēram, ja sastopu kaut ko patiešām lielisku,

what do I call it?

kā lai to nosaucu?

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

And then, of course, this exaggeration becomes lying,

Un tad, protams, pārspīlēšana pārvēršas par meliem,

and we don't want to listen to people we know are lying to us.

un mēs nevēlamies klausītes cilvēkos, kas mums melo.

And finally, dogmatism.

Un visbeidzot, dogmatisms.

The confusion of facts with opinions.

Faktu jaukšana ar viedokļiem.

When those two things get conflated,

Šīm divām lietām saplūstot,

you're listening into the wind.

jūs klausāties vējā.

You know, somebody is bombarding you with their opinions as if they were true.

Kāds jūs bombardē ar savu viedokli, it kā tā būtu patiesība.

It's difficult to listen to that.

To ir grūti klausīties.

So here they are, seven deadly sins of speaking.

Te nu tie ir – runāšanas septiņi nāves grēki.

These are things I think we need to avoid.

Tās ir lietas, no kurām, manuprāt, jāizvairās.

But is there a positive way to think about this?

Bet vai pastāv pozitīvs veids, kā to uztvert?

Yes, there is.

Jā, pastāv.

I'd like to suggest that there are four really powerful cornerstones, foundations,

Es gribētu teikt, ka pastāv četri ļoti spēcīgi stūrakmeņi, pamati,

that we can stand on if we want our speech

uz ko varam balstīties, ja vēlamies padarīt

to be powerful and to make change in the world.

savu runu spēcīgu un ar to mainīt pasauli.

Fortunately, these things spell a word.

Laimīgā kārtā šīs lietas angļu valodā veido vārdu.

The word is "hail," and it has a great definition as well.

Tas ir „hail” (krusa), un tam ir arī lieliska definīcija.

I'm not talking about the stuff that falls from the sky

Es nerunāju par to, kas krīt no gaisa un sitas pret galvu.

and hits you on the head.

I'm talking about this definition,

Es runāju par šo definīciju –

to greet or acclaim enthusiastically,

sveikt vai entuziastiski uzņemt,

which is how I think our words will be received

kā, manuprāt, mūsu vārdus arī uztvers,

if we stand on these four things.

ja turēsimies pie šīm četrām lietām.

So what do they stand for?

Kas tad tās ir?

See if you can guess.

Pamēģiniet atminēt.

The H, honesty, of course,

„H”, protams, ir godīgums (honesty),

being true in what you say, being straight and clear.

būt patiesam savos vārdos, runāt tieši un skaidri.

The A is authenticity, just being yourself.

„A” nozīmē autentiskumu, vienkārši būt pašam.

A friend of mine described it as standing in your own truth,

Mans draugs to aprakstīja kā būšanu patiesam pret sevi,

which I think is a lovely way to put it.

kas, manuprāt, ir jauki teikts.

The I is integrity, being your word,

„I” nozīmē principialitāti (integrity),

turēt vārdu, darīt to, ko runājat,

actually doing what you say,

and being somebody people can trust.

un būt uzticamam.

And the L is love.

Un „L” nozīmē mīlestību (love).

I don't mean romantic love,

Es nedomāju romantisko mīlestību,

but I do mean wishing people well, for two reasons.

bet gan laba vēlēšanu cilvēkiem divu iemeslu dēļ.

First of all, I think absolute honesty may not be what we want.

Pirmkārt, manuprāt, mums nav vajadzīgs absolūts godīgums.

I mean, my goodness, you look ugly this morning.

„Ak vai, cik tu šorīt neglīti izskaties!”

Perhaps that's not necessary.

Tā varbūt nevajag.

Tempered with love, of course, honesty is a great thing.

Mīlestības pavadīta patiesība, protams, ir lieliska lieta.

But also, if you're really wishing somebody well,

Bet arī, ja tiešām vēlat kādam labu,

it's very hard to judge them at the same time.

ļoti grūti tai pašā laikā viņu nosodīt.

I'm not even sure you can do those two things simultaneously.

Neesmu pat drošs, ka vienlaikus šīs divas lietas var darīt.

So hail.

Tātad HAIL.

Also, now that's what you say,

Tas ir tas, ko sakām.

and it's like the old song, it is what you say,

Un kā tajā vecajā dziesmā: tas ir tas, ko saki,

it's also the way that you say it.

un arī tas, kā saki.

You have an amazing toolbox.

Jums ir dots lielisks arsenāls.

This instrument is incredible,

Šie ieroči ir lieliski,

and yet this is a toolbox that very few people have ever opened.

un tomēr reti kurš tos izmanto.

I'd like to have a little rummage in there with you now

Es vēlētos ar jums tur tagad nedaudz parakņāties

and just pull a few tools out

un izvilkt dažus ieročus, ko jūs varētu sev paņemt līdzi un iemēģināt

that you might like to take away and play with,

un kas padarīs jūsu runu spēcīgāku.

which will increase the power of your speaking.

Register, for example.

Reģistrs, piemēram.

Now, falsetto register may not be very useful most of the time,

Falsets varbūt lielākoties diez ko neder,

but there's a register in between.

bet ir kāds reģistrs pa vidu.

I'm not going to get very technical about this

Neskaidrošu pārāk tehniskās detaļās tiem, kas ir balss treneri.

for any of you who are voice coaches.

Bet jūs varat nostādīt balsi.

You can locate your voice, however.

So if I talk up here in my nose, you can hear the difference.

Ja runāju šādi, caur degunu, jūs dzirdat atšķirību.

If I go down here in my throat,

Tā es runāju caur rīkli,

kā vairums pārsvarā runā.

which is where most of us speak from most of the time.

But if you want weight,

Bet, ja gribat piešķirt balsij svaru,

you need to go down here to the chest.

jārunā no krūšu kurvja.

You hear the difference?

Dzirdat atšķirību?

We vote for politicians with lower voices, it's true,

Mēs balsojam par politiķiem ar zemākām balsīm, tā ir taisnība,

because we associate depth with power

jo dziļums mums saistās ar spēku

and with authority.

un ar autoritāti.

That's register.

Tas ir reģistrs.

Then we have timbre.

Vēl mums ir tembrs.

It's the way your voice feels.

Tas ir tas, kā jūsu balsi sajūt.

Again, the research shows

Atkal jau pētījumi rāda,

that we prefer voices which are rich, smooth, warm,

ka izvēlamies balsis, kas ir pilnskanīgas, maigas, siltas,

like hot chocolate.

kā karsta šokolāde.

Well if that's not you, that's not the end of the world,

Ja jums tādas nav, tas vēl nav pasaules gals,

because you can train.

jo varat to uztrenēt.

Go and get a voice coach.

Noalgojiet balss treneri.

And there are amazing things you can do

Ar elpošanu, stāju un vingrinājumiem jūs varat paveikt brīnumu lietas,

with breathing, with posture, and with exercises

to improve the timbre of your voice.

lai uzlabotu savas balss tembru.

Then prosody. I love prosody.

Vēl ir prosodija. Man ļoti patīk prosodija.

This is the sing-song, the meta-language

Tā ir dziesma, metavaloda,

that we use in order to impart meaning.

ko lietojam, lai paustu nozīmi.

It's root one for meaning in conversation.

Sarunā tā ir nozīmes pamatsakne.

People who speak all on one note are really quite hard to listen to

Ir grūti klausīties tos, kas runā vienā skaņas augstumā,

if they don't have any prosody at all.

ja tiem it nemaz nav prosodijas.

That's where the word "monotonic" comes from,

No tā cēlies vārds „monotons”,

or monotonous, monotone.

mono jeb viens tonis.

Also, we have repetitive prosody now coming in,

Tagad aizvien vairāk sastopama repetitīva prosodija,

where every sentence ends as if it were a question

kur katrs teikums beidzas tā, it kā tas būtu jautājums,

when it's actually not a question, it's a statement?

kaut arī patiesībā tas nav jautājums, bet gan apgalvojums?

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

And if you repeat that one,

Un, ja to atkal un atkal atkārto,

it's actually restricting your ability to communicate through prosody,

tas patiesībā ierobežo spēju runāt prosodiski,

which I think is a shame,

kas, man šķiet, ir žēl,

so let's try and break that habit.

tāpēc mēģināsim šo ieradumu atmest.

Pace.

Temps.

I can get very excited by saying something really quickly,

Mani var pārņemt satraukums, ja runāju ļoti, ļoti ātri,

vai varu runāt lēni un ar uzsvaru,

or I can slow right down to emphasize,

and at the end of that, of course, is our old friend silence.

un tā visa beigās, protams, ir mūsu vecais draugs klusums.

There's nothing wrong with a bit of silence in a talk, is there?

Mazliet klusumam runā nav ne vainas, vai ne?

We don't have to fill it with ums and ahs.

Mums tas nav jāaizpilda ar „ā” un „ē”.

It can be very powerful.

Tas var būt ļoti iedarbīgs.

Of course, pitch often goes along with pace

Lai izteiktu uzbudinājumu, balss augstums bieži iet roku rokā ar tempu,

to indicate arousal, but you can do it just with pitch.

bet to var panākt, arī tikai mainot augstumu.

Where did you leave my keys?

Kur liki manas atslēgas?

(Higher pitch) Where did you leave my keys?

(Augstākā balsī) Kur liki manas atslēgas?

So, slightly different meaning in those two deliveries.

Mazliet citādāka nozīme šajos divos teikumos.

And finally, volume.

Un visbeidzot, skaļums.

(Loud) I can get really excited by using volume.

(Skaļi) Es varu kļūt patiešām satraukts, runājot skaļi.

Sorry about that, if I startled anybody.

Piedodiet, ja kādu nobiedēju.

Or, I can have you really pay attention by getting very quiet.

Vai varu jums likt kļūt uzmanīgiem, ja runāju ļoti klusi.

Some people broadcast the whole time.

Ir ļaudis, kas nepārtraukti bazūnē.

Try not to do that.

Mēģiniet tā nedarīt.

That's called sodcasting,

To sauc par sabiedriskā miera traucēšanu.

(Laughter)

(Smiekli)

Imposing your sound on people around you carelessly and inconsiderately.

Tā ir sava trokšņa uzspiešana un vienaldzība pret apkārtējiem.

Not nice.

Tas nav jauki.

Of course, where this all comes into play most of all

Protams, nozīme šim visam visbiežāk parādās tad,

is when you've got something really important to do.

kad jāsaka kas ļoti svarīgs.

It might be standing on a stage like this and giving a talk to people.

Tas varētu būt uz skatuves, uzrunājot klausītājus, līdzīgi kā šeit.

It might be proposing marriage,

Tas varētu būt, lūdzot roku,

asking for a raise, a wedding speech.

prasot algas paaugstinājumu vai uzrunājot kāzu viesus.

Whatever it is, if it's really important,

Lai kas tas arī būtu, ja tas patiešām ir svarīgi,

you owe it to yourself to look at this toolbox

jums vajadzētu pārskatīt šo arsenālu

and the engine that it's going to work on,

un motoru, kas to darbina,

and no engine works well without being warmed up.

un neviens motors nestrādā labi, ja tas nav iesildīts.

Warm up your voice.

Iesildiet savu balsi.

Actually, let me show you how to do that.

Patiesībā, ļaujiet parādīt, kā to darīt.

Would you all like to stand up for a moment?

Varētu visi uz mirkli piecelties kājās?

I'm going to show you

Es jums parādīšu

the six vocal warm-up exercises that I do before every talk I ever do.

sešus balss iesildīšanas vingrinājumus, ko veicu pirms katras runas.

Any time you're going to talk to anybody important, do these.

Izpildiet tos katrreiz, pirms uzsākat svarīgu runu.

First, arms up, deep breath in,

Vispirms, rokas augšā, dziļa ieelpa,

and sigh out, ahhhhh, like that.

un izelpa, āāā, lūk, tā.

One more time.

Vēlreiz.

Ahhhh, very good.

Āāāā, ļoti labi.

Now we're going to warm up our lips,

Tagad iesildīsim lūpas

and we're going to go Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba,

un teiksim ba ba ba ba

Ba, Ba, Ba, Ba. Very good.

ba ba ba ba. Ļoti labi.

And now, brrrrrrrrrr,

Un tagad brrrrrrrrr –

just like when you were a kid.

gluži kā darījāt bērnībā.

Brrrr. Now your lips should be coming alive.

Brrr. Tagad jūsu lūpas atdzīvosies.

We're going to do the tongue next

Tālāk ķersimies pie mēles

with exaggerated la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la, la.

ar pārspīlētu la la la la la la la la la.

Beautiful. You're getting really good at this.

Brīnišķīgi! Jums ļoti labi izdodas.

And then, roll an R. Rrrrrrr.

Un tagad sakiet R. Rrrrrr.

That's like champagne for the tongue.

Tas mēlei ir kā šampanietis.

Finally, and if I can only do one,

Visbeidzot un ja iespējams veikt tikai vienu,

the pros call this the siren.

profiņi to dēvē par sirēnu.

It's really good. It starts with "we" and goes to "aw."

Tas ir ļoti labs. Tas sākas ar „vī” un beidzas ar „o”.

The "we" is high, the "aw" is low.

„Vī” ir augsts, un „o” ir zems.

So you go, weeeaawww, weeeaawww.

Tātad, lūk, vīīīīīīooo, vīīīīīīooo.

Fantastic. Give yourselves a round of applause.

Fantastiski. Aplaudēsim sev.

Take a seat, thank you.

Sēdieties, paldies.

(Applause)

(Aplausi)

Next time you speak, do those in advance.

Nākamreiz pirms runāšanas veiciet šos vingrinājumus.

Now let me just put this in context to close.

Nobeigumā ļaujiet tos ievietot kontekstā.

This is a serious point here.

Tas ir svarīgi.

This is where we are now, right?

Pašlaik mēs esam šeit, vai ne?

We speak not very well

Mēs ne visai labi runājam

to people who simply aren't listening

ar cilvēkiem, kas vienkārši neklausās,

in an environment that's all about noise and bad acoustics.

vidē, kas ir trokšņaina un akustiski neskanīga.

I have talked about that on this stage in different phases.

Esmu vairākkārt uz šīs skatuves par to runājis.

What would the world be like

Kāda būtu pasaule,

if we were speaking powerfully

ja mēs runātu ar spēku

to people who were listening consciously

ar cilvēkiem, kas uzmanīgi klausās,

in environments which were actually fit for purpose?

vidē, kas patiešām piemērota šim nolūkam?

Or to make that a bit larger,

Vai arī, palielinot mērogu,

what would the world be like

kāda būtu pasaule,

if we were creating sound consciously

ja mēs veidotu skaņu apzināti

and consuming sound consciously

un patērētu skaņu apzināti,

and designing all our environments

un konstruētu mūsu vidi,

consciously for sound?

ņemot vērā skaņu?

That would be a world that does sound beautiful,

Tā būtu pasaule, kas tiešām skanētu brīnišķīgi,

and one where understanding would be the norm,

un sapratne tajā būtu norma,

and that is an idea worth spreading.

un tā ir ideja, ar ko vērts dalīties.

Thank you.

Paldies.

(Applause)

(Aplausi)