The magic washing machine | Hans Rosling

742,363 views ใƒป 2011-03-21

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Guy Ernest ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I was only four years old
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ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจืง ื‘ืŸ ืืจื‘ืข
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืจืื™ืชื™ ืืช ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืžืžืœืื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื”.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื™ื•ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืืžื ืฉืœื™.
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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ืืžื ื•ืื‘ื ืฉืœื™ ื—ืกื›ื• ื›ืกืฃ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืฉื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื ื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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ื•ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื”,
00:32
even Grandma was invited to see the machine.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื‘ืชื ื”ื•ื–ืžื ื”
ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”.
00:35
(Laughter)
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื ืจื’ืฉืช.
00:37
And Grandma was even more excited.
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00:39
Throughout her life, she had been heating water with firewood,
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ื—ื™ื™ื”
ื”ื™ื ื—ื™ืžืžื” ืžื™ื ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ืกืงื”,
00:43
and she had hand-washed laundry for seven children.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื™ื‘ืกื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื‘ื™ื“
ืฉืœ ืฉื‘ืขื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
00:47
And now, she was going to watch electricity do that work.
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืœืฆืคื•ืช
ื‘ื—ืฉืžืœ ืขื•ืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ืคืชื—ื” ื‘ื–ื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช,
00:57
and she loaded the laundry into the machine,
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ื•ืžื™ืœืื” ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”
ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ื›ื–ืืช.
01:02
like this.
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01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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ื•ืื– ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื™ื ืกื’ืจื” ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no!
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ืกื‘ืชื ืืžืจื”, "ืœื, ืœื, ืœื, ืœื.
01:07
Let me! Let me push the button!"
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ืชื ื™ ืœื™, ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ืœืœื—ื•ืฅ ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ."
01:10
(Laughter)
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01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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ื•ืกื‘ืชื ืœื—ืฆื” ืขืœ ื”ื›ืคืชื•ืจ,
ื•ืืžืจื”, "ืื•, ืžื“ื”ื™ื.
01:14
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair! Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”. ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ื›ืกื.
ืชื ื™ ืœื™ ื›ืกื. ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”."
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉื‘ื” ืžื•ืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”,
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื›ืœ ืชื›ื ื™ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
01:27
(Laughter)
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื”ื•ืคื ื˜ืช.
01:28
She was mesmerized.
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01:29
To my grandmother, the washing machine was a miracle.
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ืœืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™,
ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืก.
01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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ื”ื™ื•ื, ื‘ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” ื•ื‘ืฉืืจ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช,
01:38
people are using so many different machines.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื
ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.
01:42
Look -- the homes are full of machines.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ื”ื‘ืชื™ื ืžืœืื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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ืื ื™ ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืข ืืช ื”ืฉืžื•ืช ืฉืœ ื›ื•ืœืŸ.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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ื•ื”ื ื’ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื˜ื™ื™ืœ,
ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืคืคื•ืช
01:50
they use flying machines
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01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืงื—ืช ืื•ืชื ืœื™ืขื“ื™ื ืจื—ื•ืงื™ื.
01:54
And yet, in the world,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื‘ืขื•ืœื, ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื
01:56
there are so many people who still heat the water on fire,
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ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืžื—ืžืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ,
ื•ื”ื ืžื‘ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœ ืฉืœื”ื ืขืœ ื”ืืฉ,
02:00
and they cook their food on fire.
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02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ืื™ืŸ ืœื”ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืกืคื™ืง ืื•ื›ืœ.
ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™.
02:05
And they live below the poverty line.
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02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืขืœ ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื‘ืฆื“ ื”ื–ื” --
02:13
And the richest people over there -- there's one billion people,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื --
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line" --
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื•, ืงื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
02:19
(Laughter)
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02:20
because they spend more than 80 dollars a day
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-80 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื
ืขืœ ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:24
on their consumption.
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ืื‘ืœ ืืœื” ืจืง ืื—ื“, ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ืžืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื,
02:26
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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02:28
and obviously, there are seven billion people in the world,
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ื•ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื,
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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ืื– ื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ืฉื ื™ื™ื, ืฉืœื•ืฉื”, ืืจื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื,
ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืงื• ื”ืขื•ื ื™ ื•ืงื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
02:35
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื—ืฉืžืœ,
02:38
They have electricity,
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02:40
but the question is: How many have washing machines?
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉืืœื” ื”ื™ื, ืœื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื™ืฉ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data, and I've found that, indeed,
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ื‘ื“ืงืชื™ ืืช ื ืชื•ื ื™ ื”ืฉื•ืง,
ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉืื›ืŸ,
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื—ื“ืจื• ืžืชื—ืช ืœืงื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจ,
ื•ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ืฉ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื
02:52
and today, there's an additional one billion people out there
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ืฉื—ื™ื™ื ืžืขืœ ืงื• ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
02:55
who live above the "wash line."
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02:57
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
02:59
And they consume for more than 40 dollars per day.
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ื•ื”ื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-40 ื“ื•ืœืจ ืœื™ื•ื.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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ืื– ืœืฉื ื™ ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื™ืฉ ื’ื™ืฉื” ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
03:06
And the remaining five billion --
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ื•ืฉืืจ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“,
ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ืกื™ื?
03:09
how do they wash?
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03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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ืื• ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง,
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื‘ืขื•ืœื ืžื›ื‘ืกื•ืช?
03:15
Because it remains the hard work for women to wash.
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื• ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื ืฉื™ื ืœื›ื‘ืก.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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ื”ื ืžื›ื‘ืกื•ืช ื›ืš: ื‘ื™ื“.
03:22
It's hard, time-consuming labor,
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืžืœืื›ื” ืงืฉื” ืฉื’ื•ื–ืœืช ื–ืžืŸ ืจื‘,
ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉืขื•ืช ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ืฉื‘ื•ืข.
03:27
which they have to do for hours every week.
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ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืžื™ื ืžืจื—ื•ืง
03:30
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื›ื‘ืก ื‘ื‘ื™ืช.
03:33
to do the laundry at home,
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03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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ืื• ืฉื”ืŸ ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ืœื ื”ืจ ืžืจื•ื—ืง.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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ื•ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืœื‘ื–ื‘ื– ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืžื—ื™ื™ื”ืŸ
03:44
doing this hard work
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ื‘ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื–ื•
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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ืฉื ื•ืชืŸ ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืขื˜.
ืื™ืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืžืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื”ืŸ
03:49
And there's nothing different in their wish
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ื•ื–ืืช ืฉืœ ืกื‘ืชื ืฉืœื™.
03:51
than it was for my grandma.
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืฉื‘ื“ื™ื” --
03:53
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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03:55
picking water from the stream,
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ืฉื•ืื‘ื•ืช ืžื™ื ืžื”ื ื”ืจ,
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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ืžื—ืžืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืขืฆื™ ื”ืกืงื” ื•ืžื›ื‘ืกื•ืช ื›ืš.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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ื”ืŸ ืจื•ืฆื•ืช ืืช ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื”.
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally concerned students,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืืฉืจ ืื ื™ ืžืจืฆื” ืœืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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ื”ื ืื•ืžืจื™ื ืœื™, "ืœื, ืœื ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื›ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื•ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ื“ ืœืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช
04:13
that she isn't going to have a washing machine?
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ืฉืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”?
04:15
And then I ask my students -- over the last two years, I've asked --
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ื•ืื– ืื ื™ ืฉื•ืืœ ืืช ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœื™,
ืฉืืœืชื™ ืื•ืชื - ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื ืชื™ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืืœืชื™,
04:19
"How many of you don't use a car?"
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"ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand and say, "I don't use a car."
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ื•ื›ืžื” ืžื”ื ื”ืจื™ืžื• ืืช ื™ื“ื™ื”ื ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื”
ื•ืืžืจื•, "ืื ื™ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื™ืช."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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ื•ืื– ืฉืืœืชื™ ืฉืืœื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืืžืช:
04:27
"How many of you hand-wash your jeans and your bedsheets?"
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"ื›ืžื” ืžื›ื
ืžื›ื‘ืกื™ื ื‘ื™ื“ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ื’'ื™ื ืกื™ื ืฉืœื›ื ื•ืืช ื”ืžืฆืขื™ื ืฉืœื›ื?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื”ืจื™ื ืืช ื™ื“ื•.
ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ื’ืจืขื™ืŸ ื”ืงืฉื” ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ื™ืจื•ืงื”
04:35
Even the hardcore in the green movement use washing machines.
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ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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ืื– ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ
04:45
and they think others will not stop it?
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ื•ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืœื ื™ืคืกื™ืงื• ื–ืืช, ืžื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื‘ื–ื”?
04:47
What is special with this?
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04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy use in the world.
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ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
04:51
Here we are.
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ื”ื ื”.
04:52
Look here. You see the seven billion people up there?
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ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•, ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื‘ืขื” ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ืื ืฉื™ื ื›ืืŸ ืœืžืขืœื”:
04:55
The air people, the wash people,
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ, ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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ืื ืฉื™ ื”ื ื•ืจื” ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืืฉ.
05:00
One unit like this
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ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ื›ื–ืืช
05:02
is an energy unit of fossil fuel -- oil, coal or gas.
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ื”ื™ื ื™ื—ื™ื“ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœ ื“ืœืง ืžืื•ื‘ื ื™ื --
ื ืคื˜, ืคื—ื ืื• ื’ื–.
05:07
That's what most of the electricity and the energy in the world is.
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ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ ื•ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืขื•ืœื.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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ื•- 12 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ืืœื” ื”ื ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื,
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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ื•ื”ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื”ืขืฉื™ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืฆื•ืจืš 6 ืžื”ืŸ.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world population.
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ื—ืฆื™ ืžื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื ืฆืจื›ืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืขื™ืช ืžืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ืช ื”ืขื•ืœื.
05:20
And these ones, who have washing machines
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ืืœื” ื”ื ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื‘ื™ืช ืžืœื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื•ืช,
05:23
but not a house full of other machines,
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ื”ื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘-2 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
05:25
they use two.
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05:26
This group uses three, one each.
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื”ื–ืืช ืžืฉืชืžืฉืช ื‘-3, ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ืช.
ื•ื’ื ืœื”ื ื™ืฉ ื—ืฉืžืœ.
05:29
And they also have electricity.
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ื•ื‘ืฆื“ ื–ื” ื”ื ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื™ื—ื™ื“ื” ืื—ืช ืœื›ืœ ืื—ื“.
05:31
And over there, they don't even use one each.
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05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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ื‘ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 12 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
05:35
But the main concern
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื“ืื’ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช
05:37
for the environmentally interested students -- and they are right --
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ืฉืœ ื”ืกื˜ื•ื“ื ื˜ื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ืชื™ืช -- ื•ื”ื ืฆื•ื“ืงื™ื --
05:40
is about the future.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ื“.
ืžื”ืŸ ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช? ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ืจืง ืžืืจื™ื›ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื’ืžื•ืช,
05:43
What are the trends?
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05:44
If we just prolong the trends, without any real advanced analysis,
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ื‘ืœื™ ืฉื•ื ืื ืœื™ื–ื” ืžืชืงื“ืžืช, ืœืขื‘ืจ 2050,
05:48
to 2050,
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ื™ืฉ ืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
05:49
there are two things that can increase the energy use:
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ื“ื‘ืจ ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ื’ื“ื™ืœืช ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
05:52
first, population growth; second, economic growth.
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ืฉื ื™ืช, ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here,
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ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ืงืจื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื›ืืŸ,
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืชืžื•ืชืช ืชื™ื ื•ืงื•ืช ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”
05:59
because they have high child mortality
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืœื›ืœ ืื™ืฉื”.
06:01
and they have many children per woman.
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ื•ื›ืš ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืฉืชื™ ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช,
06:03
And that will get you two extra,
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
06:05
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ืงืจื” ื–ื• ืฆืžื™ื—ื” ื›ืœื›ืœื™ืช.
06:07
What will happen is economic growth.
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06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืืŸ ืžื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ื›ืœื›ืœื•ืช ื”ืฆื•ืžื—ื•ืช --
ืื ื™ ืงื•ืจื ืœื”ื ื”ืžื–ืจื— ื”ื—ื“ืฉ --
06:12
I call them "the New East" --
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06:13
they will jump the air line.
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ื”ื ื™ืงืคืฆื• ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœืงื• ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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"ื”ื•ืค!" ื”ื ื™ืืžืจื•.
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ืื•ืชื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ืžืขืจื‘ ื”ื™ืฉืŸ ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ.
06:20
(Laughter)
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ื•ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
06:21
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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ืืžืจืชื™ ืœื›ื. ื”ื ื™ืœื›ื• ืœืฉื.
06:24
I told you. They'll go there.
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06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื›ื ืกื• ืœืื•ืจ ื”ื—ืฉืžืœ.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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ื•ื”ื ื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืœืžืฉืคื—ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืœื™ ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืืช ื’ื™ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
ืื‘ืœ ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื”ื›ื•ืœืœืช
06:33
But the total energy consumption will increase to 22 units.
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ืชื’ื“ืœ ืœ-22 ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช.
ื•-22 ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”
06:37
And these 22 units --
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ืฆื•ืจื›ื™ื ืืช ืจื•ื‘ืŸ.
06:40
still, the richest people use most of them.
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ืื– ืžื” ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
06:44
So what needs to be done?
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06:45
Because the risk,
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ื‘ื’ืœืœ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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ื”ื”ืกืชื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืืงืœื™ืžื™ ื”ื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ืช.
06:50
It's real.
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ื–ื” ืืžื™ืชื™.
06:52
Of course, they must be more energy efficient.
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”.
06:55
They must change their behavior in some way.
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ื”ื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืฉื ื•ืช ื”ืชื ื”ื’ื•ืช ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžืกื•ื™ืžืช.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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ื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื’ื ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”,
ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
07:00
much more green energy.
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07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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ืื‘ืœ ืขื“ ืฉืชื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื ืคืฉ ื“ื•ืžื”,
ื”ื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืชืช ืขืฆื•ืช ืœืื—ืจื™ื --
07:05
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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ืžื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืžื” ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช.
07:08
(Laughter)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
07:09
(Applause)
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07:10
Here, we can get more green energy all over.
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ื›ืืŸ ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื™ืจื•ืงื”.
ื–ื” ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื•ื•ื™ื ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช.
07:15
This is what we hope might happen.
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ื–ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™ ืœืขืชื™ื“.
07:17
It's a real challenge in the future.
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07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื›ื ืฉื”ืื™ืฉื” ื”ื–ืืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ืข ืขื ื™ ื‘ืจื™ื•,
ื”ื™ื ืจื•ืฆื” ืžื›ื•ื ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
07:23
she wants a washing machine.
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ื”ื™ื ืžืื“ ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืžืฉืจืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืฉืœื”
07:25
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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ืฉืžืกืคืงืช ื—ืฉืžืœ ืœื›ื•ืœื --
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืžืจื•ืฆื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืฆื‘ื™ืขื” ืขื‘ื•ืจื”.
ื•ืื›ืŸ ื“ื™ืœืžื” ืจื•ืกืฃ ื ื‘ื—ืจื”,
07:33
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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07:34
the president-elect of one of the biggest democracies in the world,
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ืœื ืฉื™ืืช ื‘ืจื–ื™ืœ
ืื—ืช ืžื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืขื•ืœื --
ืขื‘ืจื” ืžืฉืจืช ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ืœื ืฉื™ืื”.
07:39
moving from minister of energy to president.
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ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื”,
07:42
If you have democracy, people will vote for washing machines.
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ืื ืฉื™ื ื™ืฆื‘ื™ืขื• ืœืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”.
ื”ื ืื•ื”ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชืŸ.
07:46
They love them!
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07:47
(Laughter)
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07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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ื•ืžื”ื• ื”ืงืกื ื‘ื”ืŸ?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ืกื‘ื™ืจื” ืืช ื”ืงืกื ื‘ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช
07:54
the very, very first day.
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ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ.
ื”ื™ื ืืžืจื”, "ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื ืก,
07:57
She said, "Now, Hans.
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ืžื™ืœืื ื• ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
07:59
We have loaded the laundry.
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ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืชืขืฉื” ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”.
08:01
The machine will make the work.
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08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืœื›ืช ืœืกืคืจื™ื”."
ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉื–ื”ื• ื”ืงืกื:
08:05
Because this is the magic: you load the laundry,
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ืืชื ืžืžืœืื™ื ืืช ื”ื›ื‘ื™ืกื”,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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ื•ืžื” ืืชื ืžื•ืฆื™ืื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื”?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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ืืชื ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืกืคืจื™ื ืžื”ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
ืกืคืจื™ ื™ืœื“ื™ื.
08:14
children's books.
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08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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ื•ืœืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื™ืฉ ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื™.
08:17
She loved this.
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ื”ื™ื ืื”ื‘ื” ื–ืืช. ืงื™ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืช "ื-ื‘-ื’"
08:18
I got the "ABC's" -- this is why I started my career as a professor,
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ื›ืš ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ืงืจื™ืจื” ืฉืœื™ ื›ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ืœืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื” ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืœื™.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื’ื ืœืงื—ื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื”.
08:26
She managed to study English and learn that as a foreign language.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช
ื•ืœืžื“ื” ืืช ื–ื” ื›ืฉืคื” ื–ืจื”.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืงืจืื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ื,
08:32
so many different novels here.
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ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืกืคืจื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื›ืืŸ.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืžืฉ ืžืžืฉ ืื”ื‘ื ื• ืืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืืช.
08:38
(Laughter)
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08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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ื•ืžื” ืฉืืžืจื ื•, ืืžื ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™,
08:42
"Thank you, industrialization.
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"ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืงื™ื“ืžื” ืชืขืฉื™ืชื™ืช.
08:45
Thank you, steel mill.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ื˜ื—ื ืช ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ.
08:47
Thank you, power station.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืชื—ื ืช ื”ื›ื•ื—.
08:49
And thank you, chemical processing industry
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ื•ืชื•ื“ื” ืœืš ืชืขืฉื™ื™ืช ืขื™ื‘ื•ื“ ื›ื™ืžื™ืช
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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ืฉื ืชืชื ืœื ื• ื–ืžืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืกืคืจื™ื."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
08:55
(Laughter)
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08:56
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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