The magic washing machine | Hans Rosling

708,419 views ใƒป 2011-03-21

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: J J LEE ๊ฒ€ํ† : Jeongjin Ku
00:15
I was only four years old
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์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ์•  ์ฒ˜์Œ์œผ๋กœ
00:17
when I saw my mother load a washing machine
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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์ €๋Š” ๊ฒจ์šฐ ๋„ค์‚ด์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
That was a great day for my mother.
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์ €ํฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๋‚ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
00:25
My mother and father had been saving money for years
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์ €ํฌ ๋ถ€๋ชจ๋‹˜์€ ์ˆ˜ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆ์„ ๋ชจ์•„์„œ
00:28
to be able to buy that machine,
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒซ ๋‚ ์—
00:32
even Grandma was invited to see the machine.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ผ๊ณ 
ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ดˆ๋Œ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
(Laughter)
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋” ์‹ ๋‚˜ํ•˜์…จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
And Grandma was even more excited.
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00:39
Throughout her life, she had been heating water with firewood,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ‰์ƒ
๋•”๋‚˜๋ฌด๋กœ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ์šฐ๊ณ 
00:43
and she had hand-washed laundry for seven children.
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์ผ๊ณฑ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์†์œผ๋กœ
์„ธํƒ์„ ํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
And now, she was going to watch electricity do that work.
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์ด์ œ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ผ์„
์ „๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:53
My mother carefully opened the door,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์˜
00:57
and she loaded the laundry into the machine,
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๋ฌธ์„ ์—ด๊ณ 
์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธํƒ๋ฌผ์„
์•ˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋„ฃ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
like this.
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01:03
And then, when she closed the door,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์„ ๋‹ซ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:05
Grandma said, "No, no, no, no!
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ž ๊น, ์ž ๊น,
01:07
Let me! Let me push the button!"
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๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ์‹œ์ž‘ ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์ฃผ๋ ด."
01:10
(Laughter)
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01:11
And Grandma pushed the button,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๋ฒ„ํŠผ์„ ๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ณ 
๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์˜ค, ํ™˜์ƒ์ ์ด๊ตฌ๋‚˜.
01:14
and she said, "Oh, fantastic!
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01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair! Give me a chair! I want to see it,"
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์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์˜์ž๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋ ด.
์˜์ž๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์˜ค. ๊ณ„์† ์ง€์ผœ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ด."
01:20
and she sat down in front of the machine,
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์„ธํƒ์ด ์•ž์— ์•‰์•„์„œ
01:23
and she watched the entire washing program.
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์„ธํƒ์ด ๋๋‚  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ง€์ผœ๋ดค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:27
(Laughter)
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ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ํ‘น ๋น ์ ธ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
She was mesmerized.
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01:29
To my grandmother, the washing machine was a miracle.
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์ €ํฌ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์—๊ฒŒ
์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Today, in Sweden and other rich countries,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์Šค์›จ๋ด์ด๋‚˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ์—์„œ
01:38
people are using so many different machines.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ
๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:42
Look -- the homes are full of machines.
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๋ณด์„ธ์š”, ๊ฐ ๊ฐ€์ •์€ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋“ํ•˜์ฃ .
01:44
I can't even name them all.
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์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹ค ๋Œˆ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel,
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์„ ๋•Œ,
๋ชฉ์ ์ง€๋กœ ๋ฐ๋ ค๋‹ค ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”
01:50
they use flying machines
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01:52
that can take them to remote destinations.
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๋‚ ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ˆ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:54
And yet, in the world,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์„ธ์ƒ์—๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถˆ์„ ํ”ผ์›Œ
01:56
there are so many people who still heat the water on fire,
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๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์Œ์‹์„ ์กฐ๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š”
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:00
and they cook their food on fire.
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02:02
Sometimes they don't even have enough food.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์Œ์‹ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋นˆ๊ณค์„  ์•„๋ž˜์„œ ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:05
And they live below the poverty line.
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02:07
There are two billion fellow human beings
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์—ฐ๋ช…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”
02:10
who live on less than two dollars a day.
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20์–ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํ•˜๋ฃจ 80๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„
02:13
And the richest people over there -- there's one billion people,
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์†Œ๋น„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
02:16
and they live above what I call the "air line" --
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€์œ ์„ (air line)์ด๋ผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ค€
02:19
(Laughter)
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02:20
because they spend more than 80 dollars a day
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์œ„์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” 10์–ต๋ช…์˜
๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์ฃ .
02:24
on their consumption.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‹จ์ง€ 10, 20, 30์–ต์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๊ณ 
02:26
But this is just one, two, three billion people,
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02:28
and obviously, there are seven billion people in the world,
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๋ถ„๋ช… ์„ธ๊ณ„์—๋Š” 70์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
so there must be one, two, three, four billion people more
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๋•Œ๋ฌธ์— 10, 20, 30, 40 ์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…
๋นˆ๊ณค์„ ๊ณผ ๋ถ€์œ ์„  ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:35
who live in between the poverty and the air line.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:38
They have electricity,
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02:40
but the question is: How many have washing machines?
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์ด ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:43
I've done the scrutiny of market data, and I've found that, indeed,
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์ €๋Š” ์‹œ์žฅ ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€ํ† ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
๋ถ€์œ ์„  ์•„๋ž˜์—
02:48
the washing machine has penetrated below the air line,
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž๋ฆฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  10์–ต๋ช…์˜ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ์„ (wash line) ์œ„์—์„œ
02:52
and today, there's an additional one billion people out there
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์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ์•Œ์•„๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:55
who live above the "wash line."
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02:57
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:59
And they consume for more than 40 dollars per day.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ํ•˜๋ฃจ 40๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๋น„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
So two billion have access to washing machines.
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์ž, 20์–ต๋ช…์ด ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
And the remaining five billion --
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ 50์–ต์€
์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:09
how do they wash?
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03:10
Or, to be more precise,
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ
03:12
how do most of the women in the world wash?
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์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
03:15
Because it remains the hard work for women to wash.
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์„ธํƒ์€ ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํž˜๋“  ์ผ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ•˜์ฃ . ์†์œผ๋กœ์š”.
03:22
It's hard, time-consuming labor,
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๋งค์ฃผ ์ˆ˜์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•˜๋Š”
ํž˜๋“ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์†Œ์š”๋˜๋Š” ๋…ธ๋™์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
which they have to do for hours every week.
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ง‘์—์„œ ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ์„œ
03:30
And sometimes they also have to bring water from far away
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๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์–ด์™€์•ผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
to do the laundry at home,
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03:34
or they have to bring the laundry away to a stream far off.
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์„ธํƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ํ•˜์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
And they want the washing machine.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:41
They don't want to spend such a large part of their life
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์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‚ฎ์€ ์ƒ์‚ฐ์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š”
03:44
doing this hard work
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ
03:46
with so relatively low productivity.
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์‚ถ์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น ๋ถ€๋ถ„์„ ํ—ˆ๋น„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์›ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ €ํฌ ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€
03:49
And there's nothing different in their wish
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์ „ํ˜€ ๋‹ค๋ฅด์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:51
than it was for my grandma.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ๋‘ ์„ธ๋Œ€ ์ „์— ์Šค์›จ๋ด์—์„œ๋Š”
03:53
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden --
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03:55
picking water from the stream,
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ํ•˜์ฒœ์—์„œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๊ธธ์–ด์™€์„œ
03:57
heating with firewood and washing like that.
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๋ถˆ์„ ํ”ผ์›Œ ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ฐ์šฐ๊ณ  ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:00
They want the washing machine in exactly the same way.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์•„์ฃผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์ด ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
04:03
But when I lecture to environmentally concerned students,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์˜์‹์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ•์˜ํ•  ๋•Œ,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody in the world cannot have cars and washing machines."
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์•„๋‹ˆ์˜ˆ์š”. ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์ž๋™์ฐจ์™€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”."
04:11
How can we tell this woman
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ
04:13
that she isn't going to have a washing machine?
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋งํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:15
And then I ask my students -- over the last two years, I've asked --
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ, ์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ง€๋‚œ 2๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์ €๋Š” ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด์™”์ฃ .
04:19
"How many of you don't use a car?"
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"์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡ ๋ช…์ด๋‚˜ ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”?"
04:21
And some of them proudly raise their hand and say, "I don't use a car."
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๊ทธ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ž๋ž‘์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์†์„ ๋“ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
"์ €๋Š” ์ž๋™์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•„์š”."
04:25
And then I put the really tough question:
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ๋˜์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:27
"How many of you hand-wash your jeans and your bedsheets?"
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"์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„ ์ค‘ ๋ช‡๋ช…์ด๋‚˜
์ฒญ๋ฐ”์ง€์™€ ์นจ๋Œ€ ์‹œํŠธ๋ฅผ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์„ธํƒํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?"
04:31
And no one raised their hand.
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๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋„ ์†์„ ๋“ค์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ฐ•๊ฒฝํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ณดํ˜ธ ์šด๋™๊ฐ€ ์กฐ์ฐจ๋„
04:35
Even the hardcore in the green movement use washing machines.
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone uses
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์™œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€
04:45
and they think others will not stop it?
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์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์„๊ฑฐ๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ์ ์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ๊ฑธ๊นŒ์š”?
04:47
What is special with this?
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04:48
I had to do an analysis about the energy use in the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•ด์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:51
Here we are.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
Look here. You see the seven billion people up there?
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. ์ € ์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ 70๋งŒ๋ช…์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:55
The air people, the wash people,
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ณ„์ธต, ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ ๊ณ„์ธต,
04:57
the bulb people and the fire people.
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์ „๊ตฌ ๊ณ„์ธต๊ณผ ๋•”๊ฐ ๊ณ„์ธต์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
One unit like this
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์ด๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์€ ํ•œ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‹จ์œ„๋Š”
05:02
is an energy unit of fossil fuel -- oil, coal or gas.
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์„์œ , ์„ํƒ„, ๊ฐ€์Šค ๋“ฑ ํ™”์„ ์—ฐ๋ฃŒ์˜
์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ๋‹จ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
That's what most of the electricity and the energy in the world is.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ์ƒ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์™€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:11
And it's 12 units used in the entire world,
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์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ 12๋‹จ์œ„๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ 
05:14
and the richest one billion, they use six of them.
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๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ 10์–ต ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ 6๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
Half of the energy is used by one seventh of the world population.
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€์˜ ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜์€ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ 1/7์— ์˜ํ•ด์„œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:20
And these ones, who have washing machines
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„๋“ค์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:23
but not a house full of other machines,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ 2๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ฃ .
05:25
they use two.
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05:26
This group uses three, one each.
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์ด ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ 3๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
And they also have electricity.
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์ €์ชฝ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ฐ๊ธฐ ํ•œ ๋‹จ์œ„๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:31
And over there, they don't even use one each.
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05:33
That makes 12 of them.
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๋ชจ๋‘ ํ•ฉํ•ด 12๋‹จ์œ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:35
But the main concern
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
05:37
for the environmentally interested students -- and they are right --
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜ ์ฃผ๋œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์€ -- ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์˜ณ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. --
05:40
is about the future.
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๋ฏธ๋ž˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ถ”์„ธ๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? ์ง„์งœ ๋ณต์žกํ•œ ๋ถ„์„์„ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ 
05:43
What are the trends?
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05:44
If we just prolong the trends, without any real advanced analysis,
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2050๋…„๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ์ถ”์„ธ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ์ € ์—ฐ์žฅํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:48
to 2050,
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•จ์„ ์•Œ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
there are two things that can increase the energy use:
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๋จผ์ € ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:52
first, population growth; second, economic growth.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ด์ฃ .
05:55
Population growth will mainly occur among the poorest people here,
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์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ์„œ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋†’์€ ์œ ์•„ ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๊ณ 
05:59
because they have high child mortality
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์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ถœ์ƒ๋ฅ ์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:01
and they have many children per woman.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋‘ ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€๋งŒ,
06:03
And that will get you two extra,
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œํ‚ค์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:05
but that won't change the energy use very much.
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์ฃผ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ ์„ฑ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
What will happen is economic growth.
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06:09
The best of here in the emerging economies --
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์‹ ํฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ถŒ๋“ค ์ค‘์—์„œ ์ƒ์œ„๋Š”
-- ์ €๋Š” ์‹  ๋™๋ฐฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”๋ฐ์š” --
06:12
I call them "the New East" --
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06:13
they will jump the air line.
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๋ถ€์œ ์„ ์œผ๋กœ ๋›ฐ์–ด์˜ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:15
"Wopp!" they will say.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ "์–!"์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์™ธ์น˜๊ฒ ์ฃ .
06:17
And they will start to use as much as the Old West are doing already.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๊ตฌ ์„œ๋ฐฉ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๋งŒํผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:20
(Laughter)
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
And these people, they want the washing machine.
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๋งํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ €์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:24
I told you. They'll go there.
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06:25
And they will double their energy use.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:27
And we hope that the poor people will get into the electric light.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ „๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
And they'll get a two-child family without a stop in population growth.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ธ๊ตฌ ์ฆ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ๋ฉˆ์ถค ์—†์ด ๋‘ ์•„์ด ๊ฐ€์ •์„ ๊พธ๋ฆด ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋Š”
06:33
But the total energy consumption will increase to 22 units.
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22๋‹จ์œ„๋กœ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด 22๋‹จ์œ„์˜
06:37
And these 22 units --
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์ด๋“ค์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
still, the richest people use most of them.
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์ž, ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ• ๊นŒ์š”?
06:44
So what needs to be done?
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06:45
Because the risk,
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๊ธฐํ›„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜,
06:47
the high probability of climate change is real.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ๋†’๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ํ˜„์‹ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:50
It's real.
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์ง„์งœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:52
Of course, they must be more energy efficient.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‚˜์€ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ํšจ์œจ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:55
They must change their behavior in some way.
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ํ–‰๋™ ์–‘์‹์„ ๋ณ€ํ™”์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:57
They must also start to produce green energy,
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๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์ƒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ
์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:00
much more green energy.
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07:01
But until they have the same energy consumption per person,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ชจ๋‘๊ฐ€ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„๋ฅผ ํ•  ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€
๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ• ์ง€
07:05
they shouldn't give advice to others --
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07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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๊ฐ„์„ญํ•˜์ง€ ๋ง์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
(Laughter)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
07:09
(Applause)
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07:10
Here, we can get more green energy all over.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ „๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์€ ๋…น์ƒ‰ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์–ป์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํฌ๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:15
This is what we hope might happen.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฏธ๋ž˜์˜ ์ง„์งœ ๋„์ „์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
It's a real challenge in the future.
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07:19
But I can assure you that this woman in the favela in Rio,
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๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ ๋ฆฌ์˜ค์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋นˆ๋ฏผ๊ฐ€์— ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ด ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด
์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์›ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ™•์‹ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:23
she wants a washing machine.
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๊ทธ๋…€๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘์—๊ฒŒ ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•˜๋Š”
07:25
She's very happy about her minister of energy
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07:27
that provided electricity to everyone --
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์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:29
so happy that she even voted for her.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ทธ๋…€์—๊ฒŒ ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋”œ๋งˆ ๋ฃจ์„ธํ”„๋Š”
07:33
And she became Dilma Rousseff,
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07:34
the president-elect of one of the biggest democracies in the world,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์ธ
๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์˜ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๋‹น์„ ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ถ€ ์žฅ๊ด€์—์„œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ฃ .
07:39
moving from minister of energy to president.
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๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์—์„œ ์‚ฐ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
07:42
If you have democracy, people will vote for washing machines.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์— ํˆฌํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:46
They love them!
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07:47
(Laughter)
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07:49
And what's the magic with them?
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ด์ฃ ?
07:51
My mother explained the magic with this machine
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ์ฒซ ๋‚ ,
07:54
the very, very first day.
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๊ทธ ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์„ ์„ค๋ช…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์ฃ . "์ž, ํ•œ์Šค.
07:57
She said, "Now, Hans.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธํƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ ,
07:59
We have loaded the laundry.
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์„ธํƒ์„ ํ• ๊ฑฐ๋ž€๋‹ค.
08:01
The machine will make the work.
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08:02
And now we can go to the library."
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์„œ๊ด€์— ๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€."
์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋งˆ๋ฒ•์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—,
08:05
Because this is the magic: you load the laundry,
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์„ธํƒ๋ฌผ์„ ๋„ฃ๊ณ 
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋ฌด์—‡์„ ๋„์ง‘์–ด ๋‚ด๋Š”๊ฐ€์š”?
08:10
You get books out of the machines,
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์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์ฑ…์„ ๊บผ๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์•„์ด๋“ค์˜ ์ฑ…์ด์ฃ .
08:14
children's books.
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08:15
And mother got time to read for me.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ €๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ค„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์–ป์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:17
She loved this.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์ฃ . "ABC"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:18
I got the "ABC's" -- this is why I started my career as a professor,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๊ฐ€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์ฑ…์„ ์ฝ์–ด์ค„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
08:22
when my mother had time to read for me.
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์ €๋Š” ์ด ์ฑ…์œผ๋กœ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋กœ์„œ์˜ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And she also got books for herself.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ฑ…๋„ ์žˆ์—ˆ์ฃ .
08:26
She managed to study English and learn that as a foreign language.
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต๋ถ€ํ•˜๊ณ 
์™ธ๊ตญ์–ด๋กœ์„œ ์˜์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•™์Šตํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
And she read so many novels,
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์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ๋Š” ์•„์ฃผ ๋งŽ์€ ์†Œ์„ค์„ ์ฝ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:32
so many different novels here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์†Œ์„ค์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
08:35
And we really, we really loved this machine.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ด ์„ธํƒ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ข‹์•„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:38
(Laughter)
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08:39
And what we said, my mother and me,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์–ด๋จธ๋‹ˆ์™€ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:42
"Thank you, industrialization.
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"์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:45
Thank you, steel mill.
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์ œ์ฒ ์†Œ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•˜๊ณ 
08:47
Thank you, power station.
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๋ฐœ์ „์†Œ์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ด์ฃ .
08:49
And thank you, chemical processing industry
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ฑ… ์ฝ์„ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์„ ์ค€
08:52
that gave us time to read books."
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ํ™”ํ•™ ๊ฐ€๊ณต ์‚ฐ์—…์— ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•  ๋”ฐ๋ฆ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
08:54
Thank you very much.
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๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
(Laughter)
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08:56
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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