Underwater astonishments | David Gallo

Translator: Pilar Ciriquian Esguerra Reviewer: Aida ferrer

We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,

Submergim-nos al fons del mar.

and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity

Qualsevol que hagi tingut aquesta meravellosa experiència

knows that for about two and half hours on the way down,

sap que durant unes dues hores i mitja de baixada,

it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.

és un món completament a les fosques.

And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window

I vèiem els animals més misteriosos per la vitrina,

that you couldn't describe:

que no es podien ni descriure:

these blinking lights -- a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.

llums que parpellejaven, un món de bioluminescència, com lluernes.

Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --

La Dra. Widder de l'Associació per a la Conservació i Recerca de l'Oceà

was able to come up with a camera

va idear una càmera

that could capture some of these incredible animals,

que podia capturar alguns d'aquests animals increïbles,

and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.

i això és el que veieu ara a la pantalla.

Tot és bioluminescència. Semblen lluernes.

That's all bioluminescence. Like I said: just like fireflies.

There's a flying turkey under a tree.

Aquí hi ha un paó volador sota un arbre.

(Laughter)

(Rialles)

I'm a geologist by training.

Soc geòleg de formació.

But I love that.

Però això m'encanta.

And you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten,

Com veieu, la bioluminescència la fan servir per no ser devorats

some they use to attract prey,

o per atreure la seva presa,

but all of it, from an artistic point of view,

però tot des d'un punt de vista molt artístic,

is just positively amazing.

senzillament espectacular.

And a lot of what goes on inside --

I tot el que no veiem.

Aquí tenim un peix amb ulls lluents que fan pampallugues.

There's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.

Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,

Alguns colors estan dissenyats per hipnotitzar,

these lovely patterns.

And then this last one,

aquests dissenys meravellosos.

one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.

I aquest darrer, és un dels meus preferits, el molinet.

Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.

Cada immersió és senzillament extraordinària.

That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored

Aquest és un món desconegut, i amb prou feines hem explorat

about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean.

un 3% de tot el que hi ha a l'oceà.

Already we've found the world's highest mountains,

Ja hem descobert les muntanyes més altes del món,

the world's deepest valleys,

les valls més profundes,

llacs submergits, cascades submergides,

underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --

molt ja us ho hem compartit des d'aquí.

a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.

I en un lloc on crèiem que no hi havia vida,

And in a place where we thought no life at all,

hem trobat més vida i, creiem, diversitat i densitat

we find more life, we think, and diversity and density

que a la jungla tropical,

than the tropical rainforest,

el que vol dir que no sabem gaire sobre el planeta.

which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all.

Encara ens falta un 97%,

There's still 97 percent,

i aquest 97% pot ser buit o ple de sorpreses.

and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.

Però vull que ara ens llencem a aigües poc fondes

But I want to jump up to shallow water now

and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.

i mirem alguns animals realment extraordinaris.

Els cefalòpodes, que tenen els peus al cap.

Cephalopods -- head-foots.

As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly.

De petit els deia calamars.

(Laughter)

(Rialles)

This is an octopus.

Aquest és un pop.

This is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab,

Aquesta és la feina del Dr. Hanlon al Laboratori Biològic Marí,

és fascinant com els cefalòpodes poden,

and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,

with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,

amb aquests ulls increïbles, sentir allò que els envolta,

look at light, look at patterns.

mireu la llum, mireu les formes.

Here's an octopus moving across the reef,

Aquí hi ha un pop bellugant-se pels esculls,

troba un lloc on amagar-se, es recaragola i desapareix en el fons.

finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.

Tough thing to do.

Difícil, oi?

In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.

Ara veurem una parella de calamars.

Now males, when they fight,

Els mascles, quan es barallen,

si són molt agressius, es tornen blancs.

if they're really aggressive, they turn white.

Aquests dos mascles lluiten.

And these two males are fighting.

They do it by bouncing their butts together,

I ho fan picant-se amb els culs, un concepte interessant.

which is an interesting concept.

Aquí, tenim un mascle a l'esquerra i una femella a la dreta.

Now, here's a male on the left and a female on the right,

El mascle aconsegueix dividir la coloració

and the male has managed to split his coloration

així que la femella sempre veu el seu costat dolç i tendre.

so the female only always sees the kinder, gentler squid in him.

(Laughter)

(Rialles)

Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:

Anem a veure-ho un altre cop. Mireu la coloració:

white on the right, brown on the left.

blanc a la dreta, marró a l'esquerra.

He takes a step back,

S'ho repensa,

he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body,

fa que els altres mascles no s'acostin dividint el seu cos,

and comes up on the other side --

i ara ve per l'altre cantó,

Bingo!

Bingo!

Now, I'm told that's not not just a squid phenomenon with males,

M'han dit que això no només passa amb els calamars mascles,

but I don't know.

No estic tan segur!

(Laughter)

(Rialles)

Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish.

Sípies. M'encanten les sípies.

Aquesta és una sípia gegant australiana.

This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.

And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.

Aquí està, amb aquests ullets.

Però també poden fer coses realment extraordinàries.

But they can do pretty amazing things, too.

Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice,

Aquí veiem una ficant-se en una esquerda,

and watch his tentacles --

mireu els seus tentacles,

he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.

simplement els recull, fa que semblin algues.

Disappears right into the background.

Es confon amb els fons.

Positively amazing.

Senzillament meravellós.

Here's two males fighting.

Aquí tenim dos mascles lluitant.

Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;

Són molt intel·ligents, aquests cefalòpodes;

they know not to hurt each other.

saben com no fer-se mal.

But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.

Però mireu els estampats que fan amb la pell.

That's an amazing thing.

És una cosa extraordinària.

Here's an octopus.

Aquí tenim un pop.

Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move,

A vegades no els agrada que els vegin quan es mouen,

because predators can see them.

perquè els predadors els podrien veure.

This guy can make himself look like a rock,

Aquest fa veure que és una pedra,

and, looking at his environment,

i, mirant el seu voltant, pot arrossegar-se pel terra

can actually slide across the bottom,

fent servir les ones i les ombres, per a no ser vist.

using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.

Es mimetitza completament amb els fons.

His motion blends right into the background --

the moving rock trick.

El truc de la pedra que es mou.

So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.

Així que n'aprenem molt de les aigües poc fondes.

Still exploring the deep, but learning lots from the shallow water.

Explorem les profunditats, però aprenem a les aigües poc fondes.

There's a good reason why:

Hi ha una bona raó per això:

the shallow water's full of predators -- here's a barracuda --

a les aigües poc fondes hi ha molts predadors,

aquí tenim una barracuda; i si ets un pop o un cefalòpode,

and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,

you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.

has de saber fer servir els voltants per amagar-te.

A la propera escena, veureu un fons de corall preciós.

In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.

I veieu que un pop es veuria

And you see that an octopus would stand out

molt fàcilment si no pogués fer servir el seu camuflatge,

very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,

fer servir la pell per canviar el color i la textura

use your skin to change color and texture.

Here's some algae in the foreground --

Aquí tenim unes algues en primer pla

and an octopus.

i un pop.

Ain't that amazing?

Meravellós, oi?

Now, Roger spooked him, so he took off in a cloud of ink,

En Roger l'ha espantat,

així que marxa dins del núvol de tinta.

i quan aterra, el pop es diu, "Oh, m'han vist.

and when he lands, the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.

El millor que puc fer és fer-me el més gran possible".

The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."

El mascle marró gran dilata els ulls.

That big brown makes his eyespot very big.

Faroneja. Retrocedim.

So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards.

Creia que feia broma quan m'ho va ensenyar.

I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.

Em vaig pensar que era fals.

I thought it was all graphics. So here it is in reverse.

Ara ho veiem cap enrere.

Mireu el color de la pell.

Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.

Mireu la textura.

Un animal extraordinari, que canvia color i textura

Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture

per a semblar-se a allò que l'envolta.

to match the surroundings.

Watch him blend right into this algae.

Mireu com es fon dins de l'alga.

One, two, three.

Un, dos, tres.

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)

And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.

Se n'ha anat, i jo també. Moltes gràcies.

(Aplaudiments)

(Applause)

Gràcies.