Underwater astonishments | David Gallo

譯者: Bill Hsiung 審譯者: Calvin Chun-yu Chan

We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,

我們將要潛入深海中。

and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity

而任何曾有如此美妙經驗的人都知道

knows that for about two and half hours on the way down,

在我們潛入海底的兩個半小時旅程中，

it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.

外面是一片漆黑的世界。

And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window

然後我們將會在窗外看到最神秘的

that you couldn't describe:

你無法用言語描述的生物。這些閃爍的光線：

these blinking lights -- a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.

一個生物螢光的世界，如同螢火蟲一般。

Edith Witter 博士 — 她目前在海洋研究保育機構工作 —

Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --

她研制了一部攝影機

was able to come up with a camera

才能捕捉這些不可思議的生物的其中一些鏡頭，

that could capture some of these incredible animals,

就是你們目前正在螢幕上面觀賞的這段影片。

and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.

That's all bioluminescence. Like I said: just like fireflies.

這些都是生物螢光。因此，像我說過的：就如同螢火蟲一般。

這些是在樹下飛翔的火雞。（笑聲）

There's a flying turkey under a tree.

(Laughter)

我知道。我唸得是地理。但是我愛死這些生物了。

I'm a geologist by training.

But I love that.

And you see, some of the bioluminescence they use to avoid being eaten,

你可以看到某些這種生物螢光

被用來防止被獵食，

some they use to attract prey,

相對的，某些則用來吸引獵物。

but all of it, from an artistic point of view,

但是他們全部，以藝術的眼光來說，沒有比「神奇」更好的形容詞了。

is just positively amazing.

And a lot of what goes on inside --

這些生物體內也發生一連串的反應 —

There's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.

這是眼睛會發光閃爍的魚，

Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,

某些顏色被用來催眠。

these lovely patterns.

這些可愛的圖紋。還有這最後一個：

And then this last one,

one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.

我最喜愛的風火輪設計。

Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.

每一次的下潛經驗都是一次驚奇。

That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored

這是未知的世界。直到今天我們只探索了

about 3 percent of what's out there in the ocean.

整個大海的 3% 而已。

Already we've found the world's highest mountains,

但我們已經發現了世界最高的山脈，

最深的峽谷，

the world's deepest valleys,

underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --

水下的湖，水下的瀑布 —

a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.

今天於台上我們將與您分享。

And in a place where we thought no life at all,

在我們曾經以為沒有生命的地方，

we find more life, we think, and diversity and density

我們發現了生命的驚人密度及多樣性，

than the tropical rainforest,

甚至超越了熱帶雨林。這告訴我們

which tells us that we don't know much about this planet at all.

我們根本還不了解這個星球。

還有 97% ，不論你認為是 97% 的空虛還是 97% 的驚奇。

There's still 97 percent,

and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.

But I want to jump up to shallow water now

但是我現在想要帶你們到淺水域來，

and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.

來看看這些驚奇的生物。

Cephalopods -- head-foots.

頭足綱（類）動物。我年幼時主要是從 calamari 這道菜開始認識牠們。

As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly.

(Laughter)

這是章魚。

This is an octopus.

This is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab,

這是 Roger Hanlon 博士於海洋生物實驗室的研究成果。

知道頭足綱動物們如何藉由牠們不可思議的眼睛

and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,

with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,

來察覺牠們周遭的環境是令人著迷的事情，

look at light, look at patterns.

牠們能察覺光線跟圖案。

Here's an octopus moving across the reef,

這是一隻章魚橫越珊瑚礁。

finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.

找到一個棲身之處，捲曲並消失在背景中。

Tough thing to do.

非常困難的一件事。

In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.

接下來，我們將要看到一對烏賊。

Now males, when they fight,

這是一隻烏賊。現在是兩隻在打架的雄烏賊，

if they're really aggressive, they turn white.

如果他們懷有強烈的敵意，他們會變成白色的。

這兩隻雄性烏賊正在打架。

And these two males are fighting.

They do it by bouncing their butts together,

他們打架時會互撞屁股，

這是一個有趣的概念。現在左邊有一隻雄烏賊

which is an interesting concept.

Now, here's a male on the left and a female on the right,

右邊有一隻雌烏賊。

and the male has managed to split his coloration

現在，這隻雄烏賊將他的體色一分為二，

so the female only always sees the kinder, gentler squid in him.

所以雌烏賊永遠只會見到雄烏賊紳士有禮的一面。

但是雄烏賊就 —（笑聲）我們再看一次。

(Laughter)

Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:

讓我們再看一次。注意他的體色：

white on the right, brown on the left.

右邊是白的，左邊是棕的。

He takes a step back,

他往後退了一步，這樣他可以藉由將身體切為兩半

he's keeping off the other males by splitting his body,

並顯現另外一半來隔離其他雄性烏賊 ...

and comes up on the other side --

Bingo!

就是這樣！我被告知

Now, I'm told that's not not just a squid phenomenon with males,

這種雄性行為並不只是烏賊獨有的，但我不知道。

but I don't know.

（掌聲）

(Laughter)

Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish.

魷魚。我喜愛魷魚。這是一隻巨型澳洲魷魚。

This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.

And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.

他在那邊。他下垂的小眼睛在上面那裡。

他們可以做非常讓人驚奇的事情。

But they can do pretty amazing things, too.

這邊我們看到一隻倒退著進入一道縫隙，然後 —

Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice,

and watch his tentacles --

仔細看他的觸角。

he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.

他就這麼將它們拉進去。讓他看起來如同海藻一般。

Disappears right into the background.

瞬間融入背景中消失蹤影。

Positively amazing.

就是這麼令人驚奇。這邊有兩隻雄性在打架。

Here's two males fighting.

再一次的，這些頭足動物們，牠們夠聰明 —

Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;

they know not to hurt each other.

牠們知道不能彼此傷害對方。

But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.

但是看看牠們皮膚所能顯現出來的圖案，就像這樣！

That's an amazing thing.

除了神奇還是神奇。

這邊是一隻章魚。有時候當牠們移動的時候不喜歡被看見，

Here's an octopus.

Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move,

因為獵食者也許會看到牠們。

because predators can see them.

這邊，這傢伙讓自己看起來跟岩石一模一樣，

This guy can make himself look like a rock,

同時，觀察周遭環境，

and, looking at his environment,

在海底緩慢的滑行，

can actually slide across the bottom,

利用波浪造成的陰影移動，這樣比較不容易被看到。

using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.

他融合得如此之好；動作與背景融合。

His motion blends right into the background --

the moving rock trick.

這是模仿岩石移動的技巧。因此我們從淺海域學到了不少新知。

So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.

Still exploring the deep, but learning lots from the shallow water.

在持續探索深海的同時，

學習關於淺海域的新知。

There's a good reason why:

牠們之所以發展出這些能力是有原因的：

the shallow water's full of predators -- here's a barracuda --

淺海域到處充滿著獵食者。這是一隻梭魚。

and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,

如果你是章魚或是頭足動物

you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.

你必需是利用周遭環境隱藏的大師。

在下一幕中你將會看見一個珊瑚礁的底部。

In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.

你會發現章魚在這種環境會顯得非常突出

And you see that an octopus would stand out

如果你不能善用你的偽裝，你將會非常容易被發現，

very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,

使用你的皮膚來改變顏色和材質。

use your skin to change color and texture.

這一幕的前景有一些海藻。

Here's some algae in the foreground --

and an octopus.

還有一隻章魚。這不神奇嗎？現在，Roger 嚇到牠了，

Ain't that amazing?

Now, Roger spooked him, so he took off in a cloud of ink,

所以牠一溜煙的跑走了。當牠

and when he lands, the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.

停下來以後，這隻章魚會說：「老天，我被看見了。

The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."

所以我必須盡力讓自己看起來愈大愈好。」

That big brown makes his eyespot very big.

這隻大棕色的傢伙讓牠的眼睛看起來非常的大。

So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards.

他在虛張聲勢。現在讓我們倒帶來看。

I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.

當他指出那隻章魚給我看的時候，我以為他在開玩笑。

I thought it was all graphics. So here it is in reverse.

我以為那都是特效。所以我們現在倒帶。

仔細看牠皮膚的顏色跟材質。

Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.

Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture

神乎其技的動物，可以同時改變顏色與材質

to match the surroundings.

使牠看起來與周遭環境一模一樣。看著牠與海藻融合在一起。

Watch him blend right into this algae.

One, two, three.

一、二、三。

(Applause)

現在牠不見了，我也要離開了。非常感謝大家。

And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.

(Applause)