The power of introverts | Susan Cain | TED

Translator: Katarina Kesselova Reviewer: Peter Štrba

When I was nine years old,

Keď som mala 9 rokov,

I went off to summer camp for the first time.

šla som prvýkrát do tábora.

And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books,

Mama mi zbalila kufor

plný kníh,

which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.

čo mi pripadalo úplne prirodzené.

Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.

Lebo v mojej rodine

je čítanie hlavnou spoločenskou aktivitou.

And this might sound antisocial to you,

Môže to znieť antisociálne,

but for us it was really just a different way of being social.

ale pre nás to bol len iný spôsob, ako byť spoločenský.

You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you,

Sedíte v

rodinnom kruhu

but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland

ale zároveň sa môžete túlať v krajine zázrakov

vo vlastnej hlave.

inside your own mind.

And I had this idea

Predstavovala som si,

that camp was going to be just like this, but better.

že tábor bude presne o tom, ibaže lepší.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin

Predstavila som si 10 dievačat, sediacich v chatke,

cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.

ako si čítajú v rovnakých pyžamkách.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.

Tábor bol skôr ako párty bez alkoholu.

And on the very first day,

Už v prvý deň

our counselor gathered us all together

nás vedúca zhromaždila

and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing

a naučila nás, ako sa budeme povzbudzovať

every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.

každý deň po zvyšok leta,

aby sa do nás vryl duch tábora.

And it went like this:

A bolo to takto:

"R-O-W-D-I-E,

"H-U-L-Á-K-A-V-Ý",

that's the way we spell rowdie.

takto sme tomu hovorili.

Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."

Hulákavý, hulákavý, buďme hulákavý.

(Laughter)

Yeah.

Veru.

So I couldn't figure out for the life of me

Nedokázala som pochopiť,

why we were supposed to be so rowdy,

prečo by sme mali byť tak hluční

or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.

alebo prečo musíme použivať nespisovné slovo.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.

Ale vykrikovala som to. Vykrikovala som to s ostatnými.

I did my best.

Snažila som sa.

And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.

A čakala som na chvíľu,

kedy si budem môcť ísť čítať.

But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,

Ale hneď ako som vytiahla knihu z kufra,

prišla najväčšia frajerka z partie

the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me

a spýtala sa ma: "Prečo si taká mäkká?"

and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --

Mäkká bol samozrejme presný opak

mellow, of course, being the exact opposite

H-U-L-Á-K-A-V-E-J.

of R-O-W-D-I-E.

Keď som sa o to pokúsila druhýkrát,

And then the second time I tried it,

prišla znepokojená vychovávateľka

the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face

a znova mi hovorila o duchu tábora

and she repeated the point about camp spirit

a o tom, že sa musíme veľmi snažiť

and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.

byť spoločenský.

And so I put my books away,

Tak som odložila svoje knihy

back in their suitcase,

späť do kufra

and I put them under my bed,

a odložila ich pod posteľ.

and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.

Tam ostali zvyšok leta.

And I felt kind of guilty about this.

A cítila som sa z toho previnilo.

I felt as if the books needed me somehow,

Akoby ma tie knihy nejak potrebovali,

and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.

volali ma a ja som ich opustila.

But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again

Ale opustila som ich a kufor som neotvorila,

kým som nebola doma s rodinou

until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.

na konci leta.

Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.

Rozprávam vám tento príbeh o letnom tábore,

I could have told you 50 others just like it --

povedala by som vám aj 50 podobných,

all the times that I got the message

kedy mi bolo naznačené,

that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being

že môj tichý a introvertný spôsob bytia

was not necessarily the right way to go,

nebol ten správny,

that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.

a že by som sa mala snažiť vyzerať viac ako extrovert.

And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong

Vždy som v hĺbke duše cítila, že je to nesprávne.

and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.

Že introverti sú skvelí takí, akí sú.

Roky som tento pocit popierala.

But for years I denied this intuition,

and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,

A stala som sa okrem iného právničkou na Wall Street.

instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --

Namiesto spisovateľky, ktorou som túžila byť.

partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too.

Čiastočne preto, že som si chcela dokázať,

že tiež viem byť smelá a asertívna.

And I was always going off to crowded bars

A chodila som do preplnených barov,

when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.

aj keď by som radšej bývala šla na malú večeru s priateľmi.

And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively,

Robila som seba-popierajúce rozhodnutia

tak reflexívne,

that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.

že som si ani neuvedomovala, že ich robím.

Now this is what many introverts do,

Robia to mnohí intorverti

and it's our loss for sure,

a je to pre nás strata.

but it is also our colleagues' loss

Ale i strata pre našich kolegov,

and our communities' loss.

strata pre naše komunity.

And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.

Aj keď to vyznie pompézne, je to strata pre celý svet.

Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,

Lebo keď príde na tvorivosť a vodcovstvo,

we need introverts doing what they do best.

potrebujeme introvertov, aby robili, v čom sú dobrí.

A third to a half of the population are introverts --

Tretina až polovica populácie sú introverti,

a third to a half.

tretina až polovica.

So that's one out of every two or three people you know.

Každý druhý až tretí človek, ktorého poznáte.

So even if you're an extrovert yourself,

Aj keď ste sám extrovert,

I'm talking about your coworkers

hovorím o vašich spolupracovníkoch,

and your spouses and your children

manželoch, deťoch,

and the person sitting next to you right now --

o osobe, ktorá sedí vedľa vás.

all of them subject to this bias

Sme predpojatí voči ním všetkým,

that is pretty deep and real in our society.

je to zakorenené v našej spoločnosti.

We all internalize it from a very early age

Prijímame to za svoje už odmala,

without even having a language for what we're doing.

kedy ešte ani nepoznáme slová, ktorými by sme to vyjadrili.

Now, to see the bias clearly,

Aby sme tento predsudok pochopili,

you need to understand what introversion is.

musíte porozumieť, čo je introvertnosť.

It's different from being shy.

Nie je to hanblivosť.

Shyness is about fear of social judgment.

Hanblivosť je strach z posudzovania spoločnosťou.

Introversion is more about,

Introvertnosť je viac o tom,

how do you respond to stimulation,

ako reagujeme na stimuly,

including social stimulation.

vrátene sociálnych stimulov.

So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,

Extroverti túžia po veľkej stimulácii,

whereas introverts feel at their most alive

zatiaľ čo introverti sa cítia najlepšie,

and their most switched-on and their most capable

sú najviac naštartovaní a najschopnejší,

when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.

keď sú v tichom, stlmenom prostredí.

Nie vždy, nie je to absolútne,

Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --

ale väčšinou.

but a lot of the time.

So the key then to maximizing our talents

Kľúčom k

maximalizovaniu nášho talentu,

is for us all to put ourselves

je umiestniť sa

in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.

do takej zóny, ktorá je pre nás najvhodnejšia.

But now here's where the bias comes in.

Ale tu prichádzajú predsudky.

Our most important institutions,

Naše najvýznamnejšie inštitúcie,

our schools and our workplaces,

naše školy a pracoviská,

they are designed mostly for extroverts

sú navrhnuté hlavne pre extrovertov,

and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.

ktorý potrebujú veľa stimulov.

And also we have this belief system right now

A tiež teraz veríme tomu,

that I call the new groupthink,

čo ja nazývam skupinové myslenie,

which holds that all creativity and all productivity

že všetka kreativita a produktivita

comes from a very oddly gregarious place.

pochádza zo zvláštneho čriedovitého miesta.

So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:

Ak si predstavíte typickú triedu,

When I was going to school, we sat in rows.

keď som ja chodila do školy,

sedeli sme v radoch.

We sat in rows of desks like this,

V radoch lavíc takto,

and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.

a väčšinu práce sme robili samostatne.

But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks --

Ale dnes, typická trieda

má skupinky lavíc,

four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.

štyri, päť, šesť až sedem detí sedí oproti sebe.

And kids are working in countless group assignments.

A deti pracujú na mnohých skupinových úlohách.

Even in subjects like math and creative writing,

Dokonca aj na predmetoch ako matematika a tvorivé písanie,

which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,

od ktorých by ste očakávali samostatné myslenie.

kids are now expected to act as committee members.

Od detí sa očakáva, že budú konať ako členovia komisie.

And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone,

A na deti, ktoré radšej

sú samé alebo len pracujú samé,

those kids are seen as outliers often

sa pozerá ako na odlišných.

or, worse, as problem cases.

Či horšie ako na problémových.

Veľká väčšina učiteľov verí,

And the vast majority of teachers

reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert

že ideálny študent je extrovert,

as opposed to an introvert,

namiesto introverta,

even though introverts actually get better grades

hoci introverti majú v skutočnosti lepšie známky

and are more knowledgeable,

a sú erudovanejší.

according to research.

Podľa výskumu...

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.

OK, to isté platí pre naše pracoviská.

Now, most of us work in open plan offices,

Väčšina z nás pracuje v otvorených kanceláriách,

without walls,

bez stien,

where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.

kde sme vystavení

stálemu hluku a pohľadom spolupracovníkov.

And when it comes to leadership,

A keď príde na vodcovstvo,

introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,

introverti sú bežne opomínaní z vedúcich pozícií,

aj keď zvyknú byť opatrnejší,

even though introverts tend to be very careful,

menej náchylní riskovať,

much less likely to take outsize risks --

čo je niečo, čo sa nám v dnešnej dobe môže hodiť.

which is something we might all favor nowadays.

And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School

Zaujímavý výskum Adama Granta z Wharton School

has found that introverted leaders

zistil, že introvertní vodcovia

often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,

často prinesú lepšie výsledky než extroverti,

because when they are managing proactive employees,

lebo keď vedú aktívnych zamestnancov,

they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,

skôr im dajú priestor na ich nápady,

whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,

zatiaľ čo extrovert sa môže

get so excited about things

nevedomky tak nadchnúť,

that they're putting their own stamp on things,

že presadí svoju predstavu

and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.

a nápady ostatných nemôžu tak ľahko

vyplynúť na povrch.

Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.

V skutočnosti niektorí z našich vedúcich osobností boli introverti.

Dám vám príklady.

I'll give you some examples.

Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --

Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi,

all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.

títo ľudia sa opísali ako

tichí, málovravní až hanbliví.

And they all took the spotlight,

A všetci sa dostali do centra pozornosti,

even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.

napriek tomu, že cítili v kostiach,

že to nechcú.

And this turns out to have a special power all its own,

Ukázalo sa, že to má svoj vlastný význam,

lebo ľudia cítili, že títo vodcovia sú pri kormidle,

because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm

nie preto, že radi ostatných riadia,

not because they enjoyed directing others

nie preto, že im robí dobre, keď sa na nich upierajú oči.

and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;

Boli tam, lebo nemali na výber,

they were there because they had no choice,

lebo ich hnalo to, čo považovali za správne.

because they were driven to do what they thought was right.

Now I think at this point it's important for me to say

Myslím, že teraz by som mala dodať,

that I actually love extroverts.

že milujem extrovertov.

I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,

Vždy vravím, že niektorí moji najlepší priatelia sú extroverti,

including my beloved husband.

vrátane môjho milovaného manžela.

And we all fall at different points, of course,

A všetci samozrejme spadáme niekde

along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.

na škále introvert - extrovert.

Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms,

Dokonca Carl Jung, psychológ, ktorý prvý spopularizoval tieto pojmy, povedal

said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert

že nie je čistý introvert

alebo čistý extrovert.

or a pure extrovert.

He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,

Povedal, že taký človek by bol na psychiatrii,

ak by vôbec existoval.

if he existed at all.

And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,

Niektorí ľudia spadajú presne do stredu

spektra introvert - extrovert.

and we call these people ambiverts.

Môžme ich nazvať ambiverti.

And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.

Často mám pocit, že majú to najlepšie z oboch svetov.

But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.

Ale mnohí z nás sa považujú za jedno, či druhé.

And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance.

Snažím sa naznačiť, že kultúrne potrebujeme rovnováhu.

We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.

Potrebujeme yin a yang

medzi týmito typmi.

This is especially important

To je obzvlášť dôležité,

when it comes to creativity and to productivity,

pri tvorivosti a produktivite,

because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people,

lebo keď sa psychológovia pozrú

na životy najtvorivejších ľudí,

what they find

zisťujú,

are people who are very good at exchanging ideas

že sú to ľudia schopní vymieňať myšlienky,

and advancing ideas,

zlepšovať myšlienky,

but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.

ale ktorí majú v sebe kus introvertnosti.

And this is because solitude

Pretože samota je často dôležitá

is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.

prísada kreativity.

So Darwin,

Darwin,

he took long walks alone in the woods

chodil na dlhé prechádzky do lesa

and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations.

a dôrazne odmietal pozvánky na večierky.

Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,

Theodor Geisel, známejší ako Dr. Seuss,

he dreamed up many of his amazing creations

vysníval mnohé z jeho úžasných výtvorov

in a lonely bell tower office that he had

v opustenej kancelárii,

in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.

v zadnej časti domu v La Jolla v Kalifornii.

And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books

A v skutočnosti sa bál stretnúť

malé deti, ktoré čítali jeho knihy.

for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure

Zo strachu, že budú očakávať

takú veselú Santa Clausovskú postavičku,

and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.

a budú sklamané z jeho viac zdržanlivejšej osobnosti.

Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer

Steve Wozniak vynašiel prvý Apple počítač

sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard

sediac sám vo svojom kumbálku

v Hewlett-Packard, kde v tom čase pracoval.

where he was working at the time.

A povedal, že by sa nikdy nestal expertom,

And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place

keby nebol príliš introvertný na to, aby vyšiel z domu,

had he not been too introverted to leave the house

keď vyrastal.

when he was growing up.

Samozrejme,

Now, of course,

this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --

to neznamená, že máme prestať spolupracovať.

and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs

Steve Wozniak sa musel stretnúť s Stevom Jobsom,

to start Apple Computer --

aby založili Apple Computer.

but it does mean that solitude matters

Ale znamená to, že na samote záleží

and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.

a že pre niektorých ľudí

je to vzduch, ktorým dýchajú.

And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.

V skutočnosti, už stáročia vieme

o transcendentnej sile samoty.

It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.

Ale v poslednej dobe na to zabúdame.

If you look at most of the world's major religions,

Ak sa pozriete na hlavné svetové náboženstvá,

you will find seekers --

nájdete hľadačov,

Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --

Mojžiša, Ježiša, Budhu, Mohameda,

seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness,

osamotených hľadačov,

ktorí idú do pustatiny,

where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations

kde nachádzajú zjavenia,

that they then bring back to the rest of the community.

ktoré potom prinášajú zvyšku komunity.

So, no wilderness, no revelations.

Takže žiadna pustatina, žiadne zjavenia.

This is no surprise, though,

Nie je to prekvapujúce,

if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.

keď sa pozriete na poznatky súčasnej psychológie.

It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people

Ukázalo sa, že nemôžme byť v skupine ľudí

without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.

bez toho, aby sme inštinktívne nenapodobňovali ich názory.

Even about seemingly personal and visceral things

Dokonca pri zdalivo osobných a vnútorných presvedčeniach,

like who you're attracted to,

ako napríklad kto vás priťahuje,

you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you

začnete napodobňovať presvedčenia ľudí okolo,

without even realizing that that's what you're doing.

bez toho, aby ste si to uvedomovali.

And groups famously follow the opinions

A skupiny nasledujú názor

of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,

najviac dominantnej alebo charizmatickej osoby v miestnosti,

even though there's zero correlation

aj keď neexistuje súvislosť,

between being the best talker and having the best ideas --

že najlepší rečník má aj najlepšie nápady.

I mean zero.

Skutočne žiadna.

So --

Takže...

(Laughter)

(smiech)

You might be following the person with the best ideas,

Možno nasledujete toho s najlepšími nápadmi

but you might not.

ale možno aj nie.

And do you really want to leave it up to chance?

A chcete to naozaj nechať na náhodu?

Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,

Pre všetkých je lepšie, ak sami

generate their own ideas

prichádzajú s vlastnými nápadmi,

freed from the distortions of group dynamics,

bez skreslenia skupinovou dynamikou,

and then come together as a team

a potom ich spoločne ako tím

to talk them through in a well-managed environment

preberú v dobre riadenom prostredí

and take it from there.

a pokračujú ďalej.

Now if all this is true,

Ak by toto všetko bola pravda,

then why are we getting it so wrong?

prečo nám to nejde?

Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces?

Prečo takto pripravujeme školské a pracovné prostredie?

A prečo nútime introvertov cítiť sa previnilo,

And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty

keď len chcú byť istý čas sami?

about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?

One answer lies deep in our cultural history.

Jedna odpoveď leží hlboko v kultúrnej histórii.

Western societies,

Západné civilizácie,

and in particular the U.S.,

zvlášť Spojené štáty.

have always favored the man of action over the "man" of contemplation.

vždy preferovali človeka akcie

nad rozjímajúcim človekom

hĺbavým človekom.

But in America's early days,

Na počiatku Ameriky,

we lived in what historians call a culture of character,

sme žili v niečom, čo historici nazývajú kultúra charakteru,

where we still, at that point, valued people

kde sme si cenili ľudí

for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.

pre ich vnútro a morálnu čestnosť.

And if you look at the self-help books from this era,

Keď sa poriete na svojpomocné príručky tej doby,

they all had titles with things like

všetky niesli názov ako:

"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."

"Charakter, najväčšia vec na svete."

And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln,

A všetky kládli za model Abrahama Lincolna,

who was praised for being modest and unassuming.

ktorého uznávali za skromnosť a zdržanlivosť.

Ralph Waldo Emerson called him

Ralph Waldo Emerson ho nazval

"A man who does not offend by superiority."

"muž, ktorý neuráža nadradenosťou".

But then we hit the 20th century,

Ale potom sme narazli na 20-te storočie

and we entered a new culture

a vstúpili do novej kultúry,

that historians call the culture of personality.

ktorú historici nazvali kultúrou osobnosti.

What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy

Poľnohospodárska ekonomika sa premenila

na svet biznisu.

to a world of big business.

And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.

A ľudia sa začali sťahovať

z mestečiek do miest.

And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,

Namiesto toho, aby pracovali popri ľuďoch, ktorých poznali celý život,

now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.

teraz sa museli prejaviť

v skupine cudzích.

So, quite understandably,

Takže celkom pochopiteľne

qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.

kvality ako príťažlivosť a charizma

boli veľmi dôležité.

And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs

A samozrejme svojpomocné príručky sa prispôsobili

and they start to have names

a začali mať názvy

like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."

ako "Ako získať priateľov a ovplyvňovať ľudí."

And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.

A za model uznávali

skvelého predajcu.

So that's the world we're living in today.

V takom svete dnes žijeme.

That's our cultural inheritance.

To je kultúrne dedičstvo.

Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant,

Nechcem tým povedať,

že sociálne zručnosti nie sú dôležité.

and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.

Ani nevolám po

úplnom zrušení tímovej práce.

The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops

Náboženstvá, ktoré posielajú mudrcov na vrcholy hôr,

also teach us love and trust.

nás tiež učia o láske a dôvere.

And the problems that we are facing today

Problémy, ktorým dnes čelíme

in fields like science and in economics

v oblasti ako veda a ekonomika

are so vast and so complex

sú tak rozsiahle a zložité,

that we are going to need armies of people coming together

že budeme potrebovať armády ľudí, ktorí sa zídu,

aby spolu hľadali riešenia.

to solve them working together.

But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,

Ale chcem povedať, že čím viac slobody dáme introvertom, nech sú,

akí chcú, tým skôr

the more likely that they are

to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.

prídu na vlastné riešenia týchto problémov.

So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today.

Teraz vám chcem ukázať,

čo je dnes v mojom kufri.

Guess what?

Hádajte.

Books.

Knihy.

I have a suitcase full of books.

Mám kufor plný kníh.

Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."

Tu je Margaret Atwoodovej "Mačkino oko."

Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.

Tu je román od Milana Kunderu.

And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides.

A tu "Sprievodca pre zmätených"

od Maimonidesa.

But these are not exactly my books.

Nie sú to vlastne moje knihy.

I brought these books with me

Priniesla som ich sem,

because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.

lebo sú to obľúbení autori môjho starého otca.

My grandfather was a rabbi

Starý otec bol rabínom

and he was a widower

a vdovcom,

who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn

ktorý žil sám v malom byte v Brooklyne,

that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,

čo bolo moje najobľúbenejšie miesto na svete, keď som vyrastala.

partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence

Sčasti pre jeho vľúdny a uhladený vzhľad

and partly because it was filled with books.

a sčati preto, že bol plný kníh.

I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment

Doslova každý stôl a stolička v jeho byte,

had yielded its original function

ústúpili svojej pôvodnej funkcii,

to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.

aby slúžili ako podklad pod stohy kníh.

Just like the rest of my family,

Ako aj zvyšok mojej rodiny,

my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.

starý otec najradšej zo všetkého čítal.

But he also loved his congregation,

Ale taktiež miloval svoju kongregáciu,

and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave

dalo sa to cítiť z jeho kázní, ktoré robil

every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.

každý týždeň počas 62 rokov, čo bol rabínom.

He would takes the fruits of each week's reading

Prínosmi svojich prednášok

and he would weave

splietal gobelín zo starovekých a humanistických myšlienok.

these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.

A ľudia prichádzali odvšadiaľ,

And people would come from all over to hear him speak.

aby si ho vypočuli.

But here's the thing about my grandfather.

Ešte jedna vec o starom otcovi.

Pod jeho obradnou úlohou

Underneath this ceremonial role,

he was really modest and really introverted --

sa v skutočnosti skrýval skromný introvert,

so much so that when he delivered these sermons,

ktorý keď skončil kázne,

he had trouble making eye contact

mal problém udržať očný kontakt

with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.

s tou istou kongregáciou,

ktorej prednášal 62 rokov.

And even away from the podium,

Aj mimo pódia,

when you called him to say hello,

ak ste ho prišli pozdraviť,

he would often end the conversation prematurely

často predčasne ukončil konverzáciu

for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.

zo strachu, že vás priveľmi oberá o čas.

But when he died at the age of 94,

Keď vo veku 94 rokov zomrel,

the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood

polícia musela uzavrieť časť štvrte,

to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.

aby mohla pojať zástupy ľudí,

ktorí ho prišli oplakávať.

Dnes mi je starý otec príkladom

And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example

mojim vlastným spôsobom.

in my own way.

So I just published a book about introversion,

Práve mi vyšla kniha o introvertnosti.

and it took me about seven years to write.

Trvalo mi to 7 rokov napísať.

And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,

A pre mňa bolo tých 7 rokov požehnaním,

because I was reading, I was writing,

čítala som, písala,

I was thinking, I was researching.

premýšľala, bádala.

It was my version

Bola to moja verzia tých hodín,

of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.

ktoré starý otec trávil vo svojej knižnici.

But now all of a sudden my job is very different,

Zrazu je moja práca o inom.

and my job is to be out here talking about it,

Musím byť tu a rozprávať o tom.

talking about introversion.

Rozprávať vám o introvertnosti.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

And that's a lot harder for me,

To je pre mňa omnoho ťažšie,

because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now,

lebo síce mi je cťou,

že som tu dnes s vami,

this is not my natural milieu.

toto nie je moje prirodzené prostredie.

So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.

Pripravujem sa na tieto chvíle najlepšie,

ako viem.

I spent the last year practicing public speaking

Strávila som posledný rok prednášaním

every chance I could get.

pri každnej príležitosti, ktorá sa vyskytla.

And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."

Volám to môj "rok nebezpečného prednášania".

(Laughter)

(smiech)

And that actually helped a lot.

A dosť to pomohlo.

But I'll tell you, what helps even more

Ale poviem vám, že ešte viac pomáha

is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes

moje presvedčenie a moja viera,

že pokiaľ ide o naše postoje

to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,

voči introvertnosti, tichu a samote,

we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.

sme na okraji dramatickej zmeny.

I mean, we are.

Skutočne sme.

And so I am going to leave you now

A teraz vás nechám

with three calls for action for those who share this vision.

s tromi výzvami

pre tých, ktorí zdieľajú túto víziu.

Number one:

Číslo jeden.

Stop the madness for constant group work.

Prestaňte so šialenosťou neustálej skupinovej činnosti.

Just stop it.

Proste prestaňte.

(Laughter)

(smiech)

Thank you.

Ďakujem vám.

(Applause)

(potlesk)

And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,

Aby bolo jasné, čo vravím,

because I deeply believe our offices

lebo naozaj verím, že naše kancelárie

should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --

by mali podporovať

nenútené, kaviarenské rozhovory.

you know, the kind where people come together

Viete, keď sa ľudia zídu

and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.

a vymieňajú si nápady.

That is great.

To je skvelé.

It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.

Skvelé pre introvertov, skvelé pre extrovertov.

But we need much more privacy and much more freedom

Ale potrebujeme viac súkromia a slobody,

viac autonómie v práci.

and much more autonomy at work.

School, same thing.

V škole to isté.

We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,

Musíme deti učiť, ako pracovať spolu, jasné,

but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.

ale musíme ich tiež učiť, ako pracovať osamote.

To je zvlášť dôležité pre extrovertované deti.

This is especially important for extroverted children too.

Musia pracovať samostatne,

They need to work on their own

because that is where deep thought comes from in part.

lebo tak sa rodia veľké myšlienky.

OK, číslo dva. Vyberte sa do pustatiny.

Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.

Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.

Ako Budha, odhaľte vlastné zjavenia.

I'm not saying

Nevravím,

that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods

že každý si má teraz postaviť chatku v horách

and never talk to each other again,

a už s nikým neprehovoriť.

but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug

Ale mali by sme vypnúť

and get inside our own heads a little more often.

a dostať sa do vlastnej hlavy

o niečo častejšie.

Number three:

Číslo tri.

Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase

Dobre sa pozrite, čo máte vo vlastnom kufri

and why you put it there.

a prečo ste to tam dali.

So extroverts,

Extroverti,

maybe your suitcases are also full of books.

možno je aj váš kufor plný kníh.

Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.

Možno pohárov od šampanského,

alebo nástroja na potápanie.

Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get

Nech je to čokoľvek, dúfam, že tie veci vyberiete čo najčastejšie

and grace us with your energy and your joy.

a potešíte nás vašou energiou a radosťou.

But introverts, you being you,

Introverti, keďže ste to vy

you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully

pravdepodobne si dobre strážite to,

what's inside your own suitcase.

čo máte vo svojom kufri.

And that's okay.

To je v poriadku.

But occasionally, just occasionally,

Ale občas, len občas,

I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,

dúfam, že dovolíte ostatným, aby nahliadli do vášho kufra,

because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.

lebo svet vás potrebuje a potrebuje to, čo nesiete.

So I wish you the best of all possible journeys

Prajem vám najlepšie možné cesty

and the courage to speak softly.

a odvahu rozprávať jemne.

Thank you very much.

Ďakujem vám veľmi pekne.

(Applause)

(potlesk)

Thank you. Thank you.

Ďakujem vám. Ďakujem vám.

(Applause)

(potlesk)