The power of introverts | Susan Cain | TED

譯者: Yuning912 陳又寧 審譯者: Yuguo Zhang

When I was nine years old,

在我九歲時

I went off to summer camp for the first time.

第一次要去參加夏令營，

And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books,

媽媽幫我整理的行李箱

裡面塞滿了書，

which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.

這對我來說是完全正常的事情。

Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.

因為在我的家庭中，

閱讀是主要的群體活動。

And this might sound antisocial to you,

對你來說我們似乎顯得不愛社交，

but for us it was really just a different way of being social.

但對於我們而言，這只是另一種社交方式罷了。

You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you,

你能享受到家人坐在身邊

動物性的溫暖，

but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland

也能自由自在地

在內心深處的冒險樂園中遨遊。

inside your own mind.

And I had this idea

而我以為

that camp was going to be just like this, but better.

夏令營就應該像這樣子，而且是更好一些。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin

我的腦海浮現著10個女孩

cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.

穿相似的睡衣，坐在小木屋裡愜意地讀書。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.

夏令營就像是一個沒有酒精飲料的派對聚會。

And on the very first day,

在入營的第一天

our counselor gathered us all together

營長把我們召集一起

and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing

她教了我們ㄧ個在暑假餘下的日子裡

every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.

每天都會用到的口號，

藉以凝聚營舎精神。

And it went like this:

這句口號是這樣的:

"R-O-W-D-I-E,

"R-O-W-D-I-E (譯註:即 rowdy 作吵鬧解)，

that's the way we spell rowdie.

我們是這樣拼rowdie的，

Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."

嘰喳嘰喳嘰，盡情吵鬧吧。"

(Laughter)

Yeah.

是的。

So I couldn't figure out for the life of me

我完全不能理解

why we were supposed to be so rowdy,

為何要吵鬧，

or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.

為何要錯誤地拼這個字。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.

不過我還是背誦了這口號，跟其他人一同呼叫。

I did my best.

我盡力而為。

And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.

然後等待，

可以回房看書的時間。

But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,

但當我終於可以把書拿出來的時候，

營裡最酷的女孩走過來

the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me

問我，"你在裝甚麼老成啊？" --

and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --

老成，剛好是

mellow, of course, being the exact opposite

吵鬧 (R-O-W-D-I-E) 的相反詞。

of R-O-W-D-I-E.

然後第二次我再拿書出來時，

And then the second time I tried it,

營長面露關心的走過來，

the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face

重申了營隊精神，

and she repeated the point about camp spirit

說我們都應該努力變得

and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.

活潑外向。

And so I put my books away,

所以我把書收進

back in their suitcase,

我的行李箱裡，

and I put them under my bed,

把它們放在床下，

and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.

讓它整個夏天都待在那裡，

And I felt kind of guilty about this.

然而我卻覺得有點愧疚，

I felt as if the books needed me somehow,

總覺得這些書本需要我，

and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.

他們不停呼喚著我，

But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again

但我把它拋棄了而且再也沒有打開我的行李箱，

一直到夏天的尾巴，

until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.

我回家的那天。

Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.

我說的這個夏令營的故事，

I could have told you 50 others just like it --

事實上可以有五十個相同的版本--

all the times that I got the message

旁人傳遞來的訊息總是說，

that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being

我的安靜內向

was not necessarily the right way to go,

不是一般人應該有的表現，

that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.

我應該更活潑外向一點。

And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong

但我內心深處我知道，

and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.

內向才是我真正自在的表現。

但，多年來我試圖否定我的直覺，

But for years I denied this intuition,

and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,

所以我成為華爾街的律師，

instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --

而不是我一直想成為的作家--

partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too.

一部份原因是我想證明

自己有行事果斷的能力。

And I was always going off to crowded bars

我常去最熱門的酒吧，

when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.

但其實我更想要與好友自在的享用晚餐。

And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively,

我下意識的做這些

背離我個性的選擇，

that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.

而我竟已渾然不覺。

Now this is what many introverts do,

其實很多內向的人都這麼做，

and it's our loss for sure,

這不只是我們個人損失，

but it is also our colleagues' loss

更是我們同僚，

and our communities' loss.

與社會群眾的損失。

And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.

聽起來言重，但這也是對這個世界的損失。

Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,

因為創造力和領導力

we need introverts doing what they do best.

正需要這些內斂的人發揮他們的長才。

A third to a half of the population are introverts --

有1/3至一半的人口是偏內向的--

a third to a half.

1/3近一半!

So that's one out of every two or three people you know.

也就是說每兩三個人中就有一個內向人口。

So even if you're an extrovert yourself,

就算你本身是外向的，

I'm talking about your coworkers

你的同事

and your spouses and your children

你的另一半和你的小孩，

and the person sitting next to you right now --

還有你旁邊坐的那位--

all of them subject to this bias

都可能是受害者。

that is pretty deep and real in our society.

這種觀念深植在我們社會中。

We all internalize it from a very early age

我們在還不會說話時

without even having a language for what we're doing.

就已被這種思想內化了。

Now, to see the bias clearly,

為了要更加明白這個偏見，

you need to understand what introversion is.

我們必須瞭解什麼是內向。

It's different from being shy.

內向不是害羞，

Shyness is about fear of social judgment.

害羞是無法承受社會眼光。

Introversion is more about,

內向比較像是

how do you respond to stimulation,

你對外在世界的反應。

including social stimulation.

外向的人需要很多的刺激，

So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,

但內斂的人相反，

whereas introverts feel at their most alive

他們對自身感受敏銳，

and their most switched-on and their most capable

反而在不被注目時

when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.

最能發揮他們的能耐。

偶而會有例外，

Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --

但大多是如此。

but a lot of the time.

So the key then to maximizing our talents

所以關鍵在於

去將各人的長才發揮至極致，

is for us all to put ourselves

適才所長，

in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.

各司其職。

But now here's where the bias comes in.

但就因為社會的偏見，

Our most important institutions,

我們最重要的機構

our schools and our workplaces,

學校及職場，

they are designed mostly for extroverts

卻像是為外向者設計的，

and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.

提供很多的刺激給每個人。

And also we have this belief system right now

這樣的不成文社會慣例，

that I call the new groupthink,

我稱之為新團體思考，

which holds that all creativity and all productivity

把所有的想像力跟創造力

comes from a very oddly gregarious place.

綑在一個群聚的團體中。

So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:

所以，想像一個早期典型的教室：

When I was going to school, we sat in rows.

我以前上學時，

我們都排排坐在

We sat in rows of desks like this,

行列整齊的書桌前，

and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.

各自做著我們的功課。

But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks --

但現在，普遍的教室

都把桌椅和併成團--

four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.

四，五，六，七個小朋友面對面，

And kids are working in countless group assignments.

每個人都要參與團體作業，

Even in subjects like math and creative writing,

甚至連算數或是創意寫作

which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,

這種可以獨自完成的作業，

kids are now expected to act as committee members.

都要小朋友像委員會成員一樣參與討論。

And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone,

而那些想要獨自

或獨立完成作業的孩子，

those kids are seen as outliers often

被視為不和群的異類，

or, worse, as problem cases.

甚至是問題孩童。

幾乎所有老師都認為

And the vast majority of teachers

reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert

好的學生應該是外向活潑的，

as opposed to an introvert,

內向的孩子則正好相反。

even though introverts actually get better grades

雖然內向的孩子成績較好

and are more knowledgeable,

甚至更博學多聞，

according to research.

這是根據研究論文的喔。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.

在職場上何嘗不是如此，

Now, most of us work in open plan offices,

我們大多在開放的空間工作，

without walls,

沒有隔閡，

where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.

我們持續暴露於

嘈雜的聲音跟同事的目光下。

And when it comes to leadership,

而關於領導能力，

introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,

內向的人大多不被認為具有領導能力，

就算他們行事更謹慎，

even though introverts tend to be very careful,

更不會為了出鋒頭冒不必要的險--

much less likely to take outsize risks --

我們不都偏好這種人當領袖嗎?

which is something we might all favor nowadays.

And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School

Adam Grant研究發現，

has found that introverted leaders

這些內向的領導者，

often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,

往往更能勝任領導職責，

because when they are managing proactive employees,

因為他們善於管理不同人才，

they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,

讓有遠見的員工自由發揮，

whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,

反之外向的領導者，不經意的

get so excited about things

對事情反應過度，

that they're putting their own stamp on things,

他們的見解較為主觀，

and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.

這使很多員工的創新想法

沒有機會被採用。

Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.

事實上，很多有改革力的偉大領袖是些內向的人。

羅斯福、蘿莎帕克斯、甘地，

I'll give you some examples.

Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --

這些人對自我的描述都是

all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.

內向，文靜，說話溫柔，

甚至是害羞的人。

And they all took the spotlight,

他們矗立在鎂光燈下，

even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.

不是因為他們天生愛指揮，

也不是想要萬眾矚目，

And this turns out to have a special power all its own,

他們成為領袖是因為一種使命感，

因為他們深知這是必須要做的。

because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm

而人們可以明白感受到

not because they enjoyed directing others

他們當領袖不是因為好大喜功，

and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;

而是責任感，

they were there because they had no choice,

驅使他們做認為對的事情。

because they were driven to do what they thought was right.

Now I think at this point it's important for me to say

現在我必須申明，

that I actually love extroverts.

我其實非常喜歡外向的人。

I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,

我很多知心友人都是外向者，

including my beloved husband.

我心愛的丈夫也是。

And we all fall at different points, of course,

內向外向就像個光譜，

along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.

而我們坐落在不同程度的兩端。

Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms,

心理學大師榮格如是說，

said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert

事上沒有絕對的內向

或是外向的人。

or a pure extrovert.

He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,

即使真有這樣的人存在，

他就會被關進精神病院。

if he existed at all.

And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,

在這道內向外向的光譜上，

有的人剛好坐落在中間，

and we call these people ambiverts.

我們稱之為中間性格，

And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.

我認為他們是最值得稱讚的，

But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.

但大多數的我們都自認不是外向就是內向。

And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance.

我想表達的是，我們的社會文化需要平衡，

We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.

需要內向外向

陰與陽的調和。

This is especially important

這點在創造力與生產力的表現上

when it comes to creativity and to productivity,

尤其重要。

because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people,

因為根據心理學家的觀察，

最有創意的一群人，

what they find

不只擅長於

are people who are very good at exchanging ideas

交換意見，溝通，

and advancing ideas,

與創新，

but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.

更存有內向的特質，

And this is because solitude

偶發的孤獨感，

is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.

是創造力的關鍵。

So Darwin,

所以，達爾文

he took long walks alone in the woods

會獨自在樹林間漫步，

and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations.

且斷然的拒絕晚餐宴會的邀約，

Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,

Theodor Geisel，也就是「蘇斯博士」，

he dreamed up many of his amazing creations

是在他加州拉荷亞的老家

in a lonely bell tower office that he had

一個寂寞鐘塔裡的書房，

in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.

創造出許多舉世聞名的童話書。

And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books

而他其實非常害怕

跟他的小讀者們見面，

for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure

因為他怕小朋友們

看到他會期待落空，

and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.

因為他不像聖誕老人那樣親和有趣。

Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer

Steve Wozniak在惠普公司

sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard

的一個小辦公室裡

發明了世上第一台蘋果電腦。

where he was working at the time.

他說他以前年輕時，如果不是

And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place

因為太過內向而都宅在家裡，

had he not been too introverted to leave the house

他不可能可以成為了不起的工程師。

when he was growing up.

當然，

Now, of course,

this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --

這絕非告訴大家我們從此不要再合作了--

and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs

好比 Steve Wozniak和賈伯斯

to start Apple Computer --

兩人同心協力才能創辦蘋果公司--

but it does mean that solitude matters

但，獨立自主是非常重要的。

and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.

對一些人來說，

這就是他們生活的方式。

And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.

事實上，幾世紀以來，

我們都知道獨處所帶來的推動力，

It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.

但直到近期我們不知怎麼遺忘了。

If you look at most of the world's major religions,

世界上那些偉大的宗教領袖，

you will find seekers --

你會發現這些人--

Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --

摩西，耶稣，佛祖，穆罕默德 --

seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness,

他們都遠離塵囂，

獨自走進曠野。

where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations

他們而後尋得啟示與頓悟，

that they then bring back to the rest of the community.

再把所得貢獻回他們的社會。

So, no wilderness, no revelations.

所以，沒有獨處的荒野，就不會有啟示錄。

This is no surprise, though,

這其實不是什麼新鮮事，

if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.

仔細的看看你周遭的人們，

It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people

我們如果不模仿彼此的言行舉止，

without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.

我們根本不會變成一個群體。

Even about seemingly personal and visceral things

我們甚至連價值觀，

like who you're attracted to,

都被大環境牽著走，

you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you

你甚至會在不知不覺中，

without even realizing that that's what you're doing.

開始模仿周遭人們的信仰。

And groups famously follow the opinions

我們尤其容易，在小圈圈裡

of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,

追隨能言善道的角色。

even though there's zero correlation

即使，最會說話的人

between being the best talker and having the best ideas --

並不見得是最有想法的人。

I mean zero.

根本就不會是。

So --

所以說...

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

You might be following the person with the best ideas,

你可能正在支持最有想法的人，

but you might not.

也可能不是。

And do you really want to leave it up to chance?

難道你真的不想有雪亮的雙眼?

Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,

我們何不用自己的雙腳走入孤獨，

generate their own ideas

領會屬於自己的思想，

freed from the distortions of group dynamics,

不被群眾思想控制，

and then come together as a team

然後再互相合作，

to talk them through in a well-managed environment

在一個健全的環境討論交流，

and take it from there.

共同創造成果。

Now if all this is true,

如果這一切都是真的，

then why are we getting it so wrong?

我們為何錯的一蹋糊塗?

Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces?

我們為何把學校跟職場架設成這樣?

我們為何要讓這些內向者

And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty

因為想有獨立自處的時間而感到無所適從?

about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?

One answer lies deep in our cultural history.

有個答案深植在我們的社會文化裡，

Western societies,

我們西方社會，

and in particular the U.S.,

特別是在美國，

have always favored the man of action over the "man" of contemplation.

總是讚揚有行動力的人，

而非有沉思能力的人。

有沉思能力的"男人"。

But in America's early days,

但在美國早期，

we lived in what historians call a culture of character,

歷史學家稱之文化性格時期，

where we still, at that point, valued people

那時人們仍尊重

for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.

公正清廉，有內在涵養的人。

And if you look at the self-help books from this era,

綜觀那時的勵志書籍，

they all had titles with things like

幾乎都會有像是

"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."

"品格是世上最珍貴的東西。"等頭銜。

And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln,

例如亞伯拉罕 林肯被群眾頌揚，

who was praised for being modest and unassuming.

因其謙遜與不裝腔作勢的性格。

Ralph Waldo Emerson called him

美國思想家愛默生稱其

"A man who does not offend by superiority."

"不被優越感駕馭的男人"。

But then we hit the 20th century,

然而隨著二十世紀到來，

and we entered a new culture

我們進入了一個新的紀元，

that historians call the culture of personality.

歷史上稱之為文化人格時期。

What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy

我們從農村經濟

演變為大型貿易體制，

to a world of big business.

And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.

突然間人們從小鄉鎮

湧入大城市。

And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,

所以人們不再只是跟一起長大的人共事，

now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.

而必須在強者四伏的環境

積極的證明自己的能力。

So, quite understandably,

因此，不難理解，

qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.

具有吸引力的個人魅力

變得格外的重要。

And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs

自然地，勵志書籍也改變路線了，

and they start to have names

開始出現書名像是

like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."

"如何贏得朋友和影響他人" 等。

And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.

成功的推銷員，

變成人們楷模的對向。

So that's the world we're living in today.

這就是我們所生活的今天，

That's our cultural inheritance.

我們的文化傳承於此。

Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant,

我所說的完全不是指

社交技能不重要，

and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.

我也不是在說

團隊精神沒有存在價值。

The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops

相同的宗教聖賢們

also teach us love and trust.

今日仍舊教導我們愛與信。

And the problems that we are facing today

而我們現今所面臨的問題，

in fields like science and in economics

如科學突破與經濟發展，

are so vast and so complex

變得如此廣闊複雜，

that we are going to need armies of people coming together

我們當然需要集思廣益，

共同解決眼前的難關。

to solve them working together.

But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,

但，如果我們能提供內向者多一些個人空間，

他們便有機會

the more likely that they are

to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.

創造出獨具慧眼的答案。

So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today.

所以我想分享給各位的是，

我行李箱中的東西。

Guess what?

猜猜裡面是什麼?

Books.

書。

I have a suitcase full of books.

滿滿一袋的書。

Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."

這是馬格莉特著的<貓之眼>；

Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.

米蘭 昆德拉的小說；

And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides.

這是<迷途中的指南>

由麥蒙尼德所著。

But these are not exactly my books.

但其實這些書不屬於我，

I brought these books with me

我會帶這些書來，

because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.

是因為這些是我祖父最喜歡的作者的作品。

My grandfather was a rabbi

我祖父是猶太教教士，

and he was a widower

祖母過世後他獨自

who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn

住在布魯克林的一間小公寓裡。

that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,

那是我小時候最喜歡的地方，

partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence

部分原因是那裏充滿祖父溫柔的氛圍，

and partly because it was filled with books.

部分原因是那裏佈滿了書。

I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment

那裏的每張桌子，甚至椅子，

had yielded its original function

都被成推成塔的書

to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.

給排排占滿了。

Just like the rest of my family,

就如同我家庭的其他成員，

my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.

我祖父的嗜好就是閱讀。

But he also loved his congregation,

但他也很享受宗教集會，

and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave

62年來，他每周都會在

every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.

猶太教佈道會上講道。

He would takes the fruits of each week's reading

他會把他從書中吸收到的智慧，

and he would weave

頌揚遠古流傳的人道主義思維。

these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.

他的聽眾來自各個領域，

And people would come from all over to hear him speak.

認真聆聽他的傳講。

But here's the thing about my grandfather.

我祖父有個特點，

在他宗教領導角色背後，

Underneath this ceremonial role,

he was really modest and really introverted --

他是個非常謙遜與內向的人--

so much so that when he delivered these sermons,

他甚至緊張到不敢在佈道時

he had trouble making eye contact

跟聽眾眼神交會。

with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.

即使他都已經在同一個佈道會

傳講了62年了。

And even away from the podium,

甚至，當他走下講台，

when you called him to say hello,

人們向著他打招呼時，

he would often end the conversation prematurely

他會草草的結束話題，

for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.

因為擔心會占用別人太多的時間。

But when he died at the age of 94,

當他在94歲那年過世時，

the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood

交警不得不關閉許多鄰近街道，

to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.

來容納蜂擁而至

前來哀悼他的群眾。

所以，這些日子我試圖用我的方式

And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example

來效仿我的祖父。

in my own way.

So I just published a book about introversion,

我剛完成了一本關於內向性的書，

and it took me about seven years to write.

這本書花了我七年的時間。

And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,

這七年，對我而言是極大的恩典，

because I was reading, I was writing,

因為我得以閱讀，寫作，

I was thinking, I was researching.

思考，研究。

It was my version

相較於祖父的閱讀與佈道，

of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.

這是我的版本，我的表達方式。

But now all of a sudden my job is very different,

但現在我的工作變得非常棘手，

and my job is to be out here talking about it,

我必須要在公開場合，在講台上，

talking about introversion.

跟你們談論何謂內向。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And that's a lot harder for me,

這不是我拿手的事情，

because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now,

但能站在這裡向你們說話，

能對在坐的各為傳達我的想法，

this is not my natural milieu.

是何等榮耀的事情，

So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.

所以我盡我所能，

為了這一天做好準備。

I spent the last year practicing public speaking

我花了一整年的時間，

every chance I could get.

積極練習公開演講。

And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."

我稱這段時間為 "驚險的演講之年"。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And that actually helped a lot.

這其實對我幫助很大。

But I'll tell you, what helps even more

但讓我獲益最多的，

is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes

是我的意識，我的信念，我的希望。

我們對內向、

to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,

沉默、與獨立者的態度，

we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.

是可以被徹徹底底

I mean, we are.

改變的。

And so I am going to leave you now

所以，我要呼籲在座各位

with three calls for action for those who share this vision.

如果你跟我有共鳴，

請幫我傳達三個宗旨：

Number one:

第一點，

Stop the madness for constant group work.

不要再瘋狂的過群體生活。

Just stop it.

趕緊停止吧。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

(掌聲)

And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,

我想要再次重申，

because I deeply believe our offices

因為我深深相信，

should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --

我們的工作環境應該鼓勵

輕鬆、休閒的聊天方式--

you know, the kind where people come together

像在喝下午茶一樣自在，

and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.

然後不經意地交換意見。

That is great.

那該有多美好，

It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.

無論是對內向或是外向者。

But we need much more privacy and much more freedom

而且我們在工作上，需要

有更多的隱私，自由與自主權。

and much more autonomy at work.

School, same thing.

在學校也是一樣。

We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,

我們要教孩子們攜手合作，

but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.

但我們也要教他們如何自主作業。

這對外向的兒童尤其重要。

This is especially important for extroverted children too.

他們需要學習自主獨立，

They need to work on their own

because that is where deep thought comes from in part.

因為有深度的見解就是源自於此。

好了，第二， 去曠野探索吧。

Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.

Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.

像佛祖一樣，有自己的啟示。

I'm not saying

我不是在說

that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods

我們馬上要去蓋個山中小屋隱居起來，

and never talk to each other again,

也不是要你們互不往來，

but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug

但是呼籲大家可以除去障礙，

and get inside our own heads a little more often.

專心的進入自己的腦海裡，

在更深切一點。

Number three:

第三點，

Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase

好好的檢視一下你的行李箱，

and why you put it there.

裡面有什麼，為何你要把它們放進去。

So extroverts,

外向的人們，

maybe your suitcases are also full of books.

也許你行李箱也裝滿了書。

Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.

又或許塞滿了香檳杯

或高空跳傘設備。

Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get

不管是什麼，我希望你不時將它拿出來，

and grace us with your energy and your joy.

與我們共同分享你的快樂與能量。

But introverts, you being you,

而內向的人們，當你自己就好，

you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully

你或許會害怕去跟別人分享

what's inside your own suitcase.

你行李箱中的東西，

And that's okay.

那也沒關係的。

But occasionally, just occasionally,

但偶爾，只是偶爾，

I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,

我希望你會打開你的行李箱給他人瞧，

because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.

因為世界需要你，需要你所持有的特質。

So I wish you the best of all possible journeys

我祝福你們，能有最精彩的旅程，

and the courage to speak softly.

和輕聲細語說話的勇氣。

Thank you very much.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Thank you. Thank you.

謝謝。謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）