The power of introverts | Susan Cain | TED

Translator: Aries Eroles Reviewer: Polimar Balatbat

When I was nine years old,

Nung ako'y siyam na taong gulang

I went off to summer camp for the first time.

Sumama ako sa isang summer camp.

And my mother packed me a suitcase full of books,

At inimpake ng aking ina ang isang maletang

punong-puno ng libro,

which to me seemed like a perfectly natural thing to do.

na para sa akin ay pawang natural lamang na gawin.

Because in my family, reading was the primary group activity.

Dahil sa aming pamilya,

ang pagbabasa ay isang pangunahing gawain.

And this might sound antisocial to you,

Siguro ay sa tingin n'yo na kami'y mapag-isa

but for us it was really just a different way of being social.

ngunit para sa amin, iba lang itong paraan sa pakikipagkapwa.

You have the animal warmth of your family sitting right next to you,

May mainit na awra ng iyong pamilya

nasa tabi mo,

but you are also free to go roaming around the adventureland

pero ikaw rin ay malayang malakbay sa mga adventureland

ng iyong utak mo.

inside your own mind.

And I had this idea

At sa tingin ko

that camp was going to be just like this, but better.

na maging ganito ang aking karanasan sa camp, pero mas maganda pala.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

I had a vision of 10 girls sitting in a cabin

Ini-imagine ko na mayroong sampung babaing umu-upo sa loob ng kabina

cozily reading books in their matching nightgowns.

na komportabling nagbabasa ng mga libro sa kanilang damit pantulog.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Camp was more like a keg party without any alcohol.

Ang isang camp ay para na ring inuman na walang alak.

And on the very first day,

At sa unang araw

our counselor gathered us all together

kami ay tinipon ng aming counselor

and she taught us a cheer that she said we would be doing

at tinuruan niya kami ng isang cheer na gawin daw namin

every day for the rest of the summer to instill camp spirit.

bawat nalalabing araw ng summer

para makintal ang diwa ng camp.

And it went like this:

Ganito yun nangyari:

"R-O-W-D-I-E,

"R-O-W-D-I-E,

that's the way we spell rowdie.

ganyan namin binaybay and rowdie.

Rowdie, rowdie, let's get rowdie."

Rowdie, rowdie, tara na mag-rowdie."

(Laughter)

Yeah.

Yeah.

So I couldn't figure out for the life of me

Hindi ko matanto sa aking buhay

why we were supposed to be so rowdy,

at kung bakit dapat

or why we had to spell this word incorrectly.

o bakit ibahin pagkabaybay ang salita.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

But I recited a cheer. I recited a cheer along with everybody else.

Pero ni-recite ko pa rin ang cheer. Sabay akong bumigkas sa lahat.

I did my best.

Ginawa ko ang lahat ng aking makakaya.

And I just waited for the time that I could go off and read my books.

At hinintay ko lang ang tamang oras

na ako'y lumiban at magbasa ng aking mga libro.

But the first time that I took my book out of my suitcase,

Ngunit nang una kung kumuha ng aklat sa aking maleta,

ang pinaka-cool na babae ay tumungo sa akin

the coolest girl in the bunk came up to me

at nagtanong, "Bakit ka napaka-malungkutin?" --

and she asked me, "Why are you being so mellow?" --

malungkot, ay talagang pagiging kasalungat

mellow, of course, being the exact opposite

ng R-O-W-D-I-E.

of R-O-W-D-I-E.

At sa pangalawang pagkataong ako'y sumubok,

And then the second time I tried it,

ang counselor ay dumating na may pagkakabahala sa kanyang mukha

the counselor came up to me with a concerned expression on her face

at pinaaalahanan niya ako sa diwa ng camp

and she repeated the point about camp spirit

at dapat kaming magsikap ng maiigi

and said we should all work very hard to be outgoing.

para makihalubilo sa iba.

And so I put my books away,

At inilayo ko na lang ang mga aklat,

back in their suitcase,

balik sa maleta,

and I put them under my bed,

at inilagay ko sa ilalim ng higaan,

and there they stayed for the rest of the summer.

at doon na sila hanggang sa huli ng summer.

And I felt kind of guilty about this.

At nakonsyensya ako sa ginawa kong ito.

I felt as if the books needed me somehow,

Sa tingin ko'y kinailangan ako ng aking libro,

and they were calling out to me and I was forsaking them.

nagtatawag sila sa akin ngunit sila'y aking tinalikdan.

But I did forsake them and I didn't open that suitcase again

Tinalikdan ko nga sila at di ko na binuksan and maleta

hanggang sa akoy nakabalik sa amin

until I was back home with my family at the end of the summer.

sa katapusan ng summer.

Now, I tell you this story about summer camp.

At ngayong aking sinalaysay itong estorya hinggil sa isang summer camp.

I could have told you 50 others just like it --

May limampung kwento pa akong maaring ikwento --

all the times that I got the message

lahat ng panahong makatanggap ako ng mensahe

that somehow my quiet and introverted style of being

na kahit papaano, ang aking tahimik at pagiging introvert

was not necessarily the right way to go,

ay hindi ang ang talagang pinakatama

that I should be trying to pass as more of an extrovert.

at dapat ipag-paigi ko na maging mas extrovert.

And I always sensed deep down that this was wrong

At palaging kong inisisip na ito'y mali

and that introverts were pretty excellent just as they were.

at ang mga introverts ay napakahusay sa pagiging sila.

Pero sa mga nakalipas na panahon ay tinanggihan ko itong intuwisyon,

But for years I denied this intuition,

and so I became a Wall Street lawyer, of all things,

at ako nga ay naging abogada ng Wall Street, sa lahat ng bagay,

instead of the writer that I had always longed to be --

sa halip ng pagiging manunulat na siyang aking pinangarap --

partly because I needed to prove to myself that I could be bold and assertive too.

siguro ay dahil gusto kong patunayan sa aking sarili

na ako ay maaring maging matapang at asertib rin.

And I was always going off to crowded bars

At palagi na akong lumalabas sa mga nagsisiksikang bar

when I really would have preferred to just have a nice dinner with friends.

kahit na mas gusto ko talagang magkaroon na lamang ng dinner sa mga kaibigan.

And I made these self-negating choices so reflexively,

At ginawa ko itong mga self-negating choices

na napaka-refexive,

that I wasn't even aware that I was making them.

na hindi ko namalayang ginagawa ko sila.

Now this is what many introverts do,

Ngayon ito ang ginagawa ng mga introverts,

and it's our loss for sure,

at ito ay para bang ang aming kalugian,

but it is also our colleagues' loss

pero ito rin ay kalugian ng aming mga kasama

and our communities' loss.

at kalugian nating komunidad.

And at the risk of sounding grandiose, it is the world's loss.

At sa risgo ng matunog na kadakilaan, ito ay kawalan ng ating daigdig.

Because when it comes to creativity and to leadership,

Dahil kung ang pag-uusapan natin ay pagiging malikhain at pamumuno,

we need introverts doing what they do best.

kinakailangan natin ang mga introverts gumawa kung ano sila pinakamahusay.

A third to a half of the population are introverts --

Isa sa tatlo o hanggang sa kalahati ng ating populasyon ay mga introverts --

a third to a half.

isa sa tatlo o hanggang kalahati.

So that's one out of every two or three people you know.

Lumalabas na merong isa sa bawat dalawa o tatlo kataong kilala mo.

So even if you're an extrovert yourself,

Kung ikaw ay isang extrovert,

I'm talking about your coworkers

ako ay nangungusap hinggil sa inyong mga katrabaho,

and your spouses and your children

at inyong mga asawa at mga anak.

and the person sitting next to you right now --

at ang taong naka-upo katabi mo --

all of them subject to this bias

lahat sila ay saklaw sa bias na ito

that is pretty deep and real in our society.

iyan ay napakatotoo sa ating lipunan.

We all internalize it from a very early age

Nasa sarili na natin ito sa murang edad

without even having a language for what we're doing.

nang walang pangalang maitawag kung ano ang ginagawa natin.

Now, to see the bias clearly,

Ngayon, para makita natin ang bias nang maigi

you need to understand what introversion is.

ating alamin kung ano ba talaga ang introbersiyon.

It's different from being shy.

Iba ito sa pagiging mahiyain.

Shyness is about fear of social judgment.

Ang pagkamahiyain ay hingil sa takot ng puna sa lipunan.

Introversion is more about,

Ang introbersiyon ay higit pa tungkol sa

how do you respond to stimulation,

paano ka tumugon sa estimyolasyon,

including social stimulation.

kasama na ang sa panlipunang paksa.

So extroverts really crave large amounts of stimulation,

Sinasabik ng mga extroverts ang maraming estimolasyon,

whereas introverts feel at their most alive

samantalang ang mga introverts ay pinaka-buhay

and their most switched-on and their most capable

at pinaka-gising at pinaka-mahusay

when they're in quieter, more low-key environments.

kung sila ay nasa mas tahimik na lugar.

Hindi sa lahat ng panahon --ang mga bagay na ito'y hindi lubos --

Not all the time -- these things aren't absolute --

pero sa halos lahat ng panahon.

but a lot of the time.

So the key then to maximizing our talents

Kung gayon, ang sagot

para mapalawak natin ang ating mga talento

is for us all to put ourselves

ay para tayong ipagka-isa

in the zone of stimulation that is right for us.

sa estimulasyong bagay sa ating lahat.

But now here's where the bias comes in.

Pero dito na lumalabas ang bia.

Our most important institutions,

Sa ating mga pinaka-importanting institusyon,

our schools and our workplaces,

ang ating mga paaralan at pinagtatrabahuan,

they are designed mostly for extroverts

sila ay dinesenyo sa halos ng lahat ng bagay para sa mga extrovert

and for extroverts' need for lots of stimulation.

at tugon para sa estimulasyong hinahangad ng mga extrovert.

And also we have this belief system right now

At nariyan din ang ating paniniwala

that I call the new groupthink,

na tinatawag kong "groupthink",

which holds that all creativity and all productivity

na nagsasabong ang pagkamalikhain at pagkaproduktibo

comes from a very oddly gregarious place.

ay manggagaling sa kakaibang lugar na naglalayong sayo na makisama.

So if you picture the typical classroom nowadays:

Kung iisipin mo ang tipikal na silid-aralan ngayon:

When I was going to school, we sat in rows.

Nung ako'y nag-aaral,

umupo kami nang nakahanay.

We sat in rows of desks like this,

Nakaupo kami sa hanay ng upuno nang ganito,

and we did most of our work pretty autonomously.

at ginagawa namin ang bagay-bagay nang mag-isa.

But nowadays, your typical classroom has pods of desks --

Pero, ngayon, ang tipikal na silid

ay may lupon ng mga mesa --

four or five or six or seven kids all facing each other.

apat o lima o anim o pitong mga bata ay naghaharap sa isa't isa.

And kids are working in countless group assignments.

At gumagawa ang mga bata ng walang hanggang group assignments.

Even in subjects like math and creative writing,

Kahit na sa asignaturang math at pagsusulat,

which you think would depend on solo flights of thought,

na kung iisipin mo ay nagdepende talaga sa sariling pag-iisip,

kids are now expected to act as committee members.

ang mga bata ngayon ay inaasahang maging miyembro ng komite.

And for the kids who prefer to go off by themselves or just to work alone,

At sa mga batang mas gusto

na magtungo sa sarili nila o gumawa ng mag-isa,

those kids are seen as outliers often

yung mga bata na parang hindi kasali

or, worse, as problem cases.

o, mas malala pa.

Halos lahat ng mga guro ay naniniwala

And the vast majority of teachers

reports believing that the ideal student is an extrovert

na ang pinaka-ulirang estudyante ay isang extrovert

as opposed to an introvert,

at hindi ang introvert,

even though introverts actually get better grades

gayong ang mga introvert naman talaga ang nakakakuha ng mas mataas na marka

and are more knowledgeable,

at mas may alam,

according to research.

ayon sa isang pagsaliksik.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Okay, same thing is true in our workplaces.

Okay, iyan ay pareho sa ating pinagtatrabahuan.

Now, most of us work in open plan offices,

Ngayon, halos lahat natin ay nagtatrabaho sa lantarang opisina,

without walls,

walang dingding,

where we are subject to the constant noise and gaze of our coworkers.

tayong lahat ay nakasaklaw

sa mga ingay at titig ng ating mga katrabaho.

And when it comes to leadership,

At pagdating sa pamumuno,

introverts are routinely passed over for leadership positions,

ang mga introverts ay regular na napapabayaan sa mga namumunong posisyon,

kahit na ang mga introvert ay napakamaingat,

even though introverts tend to be very careful,

at mas nag-iingat sa mga risgo --

much less likely to take outsize risks --

na isang bagay na maaring pabor tayong lahat sa kasalukuyan.

which is something we might all favor nowadays.

And interesting research by Adam Grant at the Wharton School

Isang interesanting pananaliksik ni Adam Grant sa Wharton School

has found that introverted leaders

ang nakatukoy na ang mga pinunong introvert

often deliver better outcomes than extroverts do,

ay madalas nakakagawa ng mas mabuti kaysa mga extrovert.

because when they are managing proactive employees,

dahil kung sila'y nangungulo ng mga proactib na empleyado,

they're much more likely to let those employees run with their ideas,

madalas ay hinahayaan nila ang mga ito na ipatuloy ang kanilang mga ideya,

whereas an extrovert can, quite unwittingly,

samantalng ang mga extrovert ay, nang hindi sinasadya,

get so excited about things

nagiging mas na-eeksayt sa mga bagay

that they're putting their own stamp on things,

na sila na lang ang gumagawa sa lahat ng bagay,

and other people's ideas might not as easily then bubble up to the surface.

at mga ideya ng ilan ay mahihirapang

umusbong.

Now in fact, some of our transformative leaders in history have been introverts.

Sa katunayan, ilan sa mga lider na nagpabago ng ating daigdig ay introvert.

Magbibigay ako ng mga halimbawa.

I'll give you some examples.

Eleanor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --

Eleonor Roosevelt, Rosa Parks, Gandhi --

all these people described themselves as quiet and soft-spoken and even shy.

lahat sila ay nagsasabing mga introvert

na napakatahimik at mahinang magsalita at maging mahiyain.

And they all took the spotlight,

At silang lahat ay naging tanyag,

even though every bone in their bodies was telling them not to.

kahit na bawat buto sa kanilang katawan

ay pumipigil nito.

And this turns out to have a special power all its own,

At ito ay nagpapahiwatig nang pagiging pagkakaroon ng kapangyarihan sa panarili,

dahil ang mga tao ay nakaramdam na sila ang nasa timon,

because people could feel that these leaders were at the helm

hindi dahil gusto nila ang ang mangulo sa iba

not because they enjoyed directing others

at hindi dahil sa kagustuhan nilang mapansin;

and not out of the pleasure of being looked at;

nadun sila dahil wala silang ibang mapilian,

they were there because they had no choice,

dahil sila ay ginagabayang gawin ang sa tingin nila ay tamang gawin.

because they were driven to do what they thought was right.

Now I think at this point it's important for me to say

Nagyon, naisip kong importanting masabi sa inyo

that I actually love extroverts.

na gusto ko talaga ang mga extrovert.

I always like to say some of my best friends are extroverts,

Gusto ko talagang sa isang taong na ang pinakamatalik niyang kaibigan ay isang extrovert,

including my beloved husband.

pati na ang pinakamahal kong asawa.

And we all fall at different points, of course,

At tayo ay sakop ng iba't ibang saklaw,

along the introvert/extrovert spectrum.

sa espektro ng pagiging introvert/extrovert.

Even Carl Jung, the psychologist who first popularized these terms,

Kahit na si Carl Jung, na nagpasikat sa mga terminong yaun, ay nagsasabi

said that there's no such thing as a pure introvert

na wala naman talang puro na introvert

o puro na ectrovert.

or a pure extrovert.

He said that such a man would be in a lunatic asylum,

Sabi pa niya na ang taong iyan ay maaring nasa asilo ng mga baliw,

kung nabubuhay man siya.

if he existed at all.

And some people fall smack in the middle of the introvert/extrovert spectrum,

At may mga taong nasasaklaw sa gitna

ng pagiging introvert/extrovert,

and we call these people ambiverts.

at tinanawag natin silang ambiverts.

And I often think that they have the best of all worlds.

At madals kong iniisip na nasa kanila ang pinakamabuti sa mundo.

But many of us do recognize ourselves as one type or the other.

Pero maarami sa atin ay kinikilala ang sarili sa isang tipo laban sa isa.

And what I'm saying is that culturally, we need a much better balance.

At ang gusto kong sabihin ay kinakailangan natin na mas angkop na balanse.

We need more of a yin and yang between these two types.

Kinakailangan natin ng yin at yang

sa dalawang tipo.

This is especially important

Ito ay napaka-importante

when it comes to creativity and to productivity,

lalo na sa pagiging pagkamalikhain at pagiging produktibo,

because when psychologists look at the lives of the most creative people,

dahil sa tingin ng mga sikologo

sa mga buhay ng mga pinakamalikhaing tao,

what they find

nakita nila

are people who are very good at exchanging ideas

na ang mga taong magaling sa pakikipagpalitan ng mga ideya

and advancing ideas,

at pagsulong ng mga ito,

but who also have a serious streak of introversion in them.

pero sila din yun may malaking bahagi ng introbersyon sa kanila.

And this is because solitude

At ito ay dahil ang pag-iisa ay madalas importanteng sangkap

is a crucial ingredient often to creativity.

sa pagiging malikhain.

So Darwin,

Kaya si Darwin,

he took long walks alone in the woods

naglakad siya nang mag-isa sa gubat

and emphatically turned down dinner-party invitations.

at mariing tinanggihan ang imbitasyon sa salu-salo,

Theodor Geisel, better known as Dr. Seuss,

Theodor Geisel, mas kilala sa bansag na Dr. Seuss,

he dreamed up many of his amazing creations

naisip niya ang karamihan sa kanyang mga nakakamanghang ginawa

in a lonely bell tower office that he had

sa isang malungkot na silid sa isang tore ng kampana

in the back of his house in La Jolla, California.

sa likod ng kanyang bahay sa La Jolla, California.

And he was actually afraid to meet the young children who read his books

At siya ay talagang takot na makatagpo

ang mga bata na nagbabasa ng kanyang libro

for fear that they were expecting him this kind of jolly Santa Claus-like figure

dahil sa takot na silay umaasa sa kanya

na isang masayahing anyo na Santa Claus

and would be disappointed with his more reserved persona.

at maari pa silang mabigo sa kanyang mas tahimik na persona.

Steve Wozniak invented the first Apple computer

Si Steve Wozniak na siyang nakaimbento sa kauna-unahang Apple computer

sitting alone in his cubicle in Hewlett-Packard

na nakaupong mag-isa sa kanyang kubiko

sa Hewlett-Packard kung saan siya nagtrabaho noon.

where he was working at the time.

At sinabi niya na hindi sana siya maging eksperto sa unang pagkakataon

And he says that he never would have become such an expert in the first place

kung hindi siya naging introvert para lisanin ang bahay nila

had he not been too introverted to leave the house

nung siya ay lumalaki.

when he was growing up.

Siyempre ngayon,

Now, of course,

this does not mean that we should all stop collaborating --

hindi naman ito nangangahulugang titigil tayo sa pakikipagtulungan --

and case in point, is Steve Wozniak famously coming together with Steve Jobs

at sa puntong iyan, ay si Steve Wozniak ay kilalang nakikipagtambal kay Steve Jobs

to start Apple Computer --

para umpisahan ang Apple Computer --

but it does mean that solitude matters

pero nangangahulugan lamang iyan na ang pagiging mapag-isa ay mahalaga

and that for some people it is the air that they breathe.

at para sa ibang tao

ito ay ang hangin na ating hinihinga.

And in fact, we have known for centuries about the transcendent power of solitude.

At sa katunayan, alam natin sa nakalipas na siglo

hinggil sa transedenting kapangyarihan ng pag-iisa.

It's only recently that we've strangely begun to forget it.

Ngayon lang tila natin nalilimutan ito.

If you look at most of the world's major religions,

Kung papansinin ninyo sa karamihan ng malalaking relihiyon sa daigdig,

you will find seekers --

sa mga naghahanap --

Moses, Jesus, Buddha, Muhammad --

Moses, Hesus, Buddha, Muhammad --

seekers who are going off by themselves alone to the wilderness,

sila ay nagtungong mag-isa

sa kaparangan

where they then have profound epiphanies and revelations

na kung saan masiwalat nila ang mga malalim na epipanya at rebelasyon

that they then bring back to the rest of the community.

at tutungo na sila pabalik sa komunidad.

So, no wilderness, no revelations.

Gayong walang kaparangan, walang rebelasyon.

This is no surprise, though,

Ngunit hindi na rin nakakagulat

if you look at the insights of contemporary psychology.

ang mga pananaw ng kontemporaryong sikologo.

It turns out that we can't even be in a group of people

Nangyari na hindi tayo naroon sa isang grupo

without instinctively mirroring, mimicking their opinions.

nang walang pangungopya sa kanilang pananaw.

Even about seemingly personal and visceral things

Kahat sa mga bagay na personal at pansarili

like who you're attracted to,

gaya ng kanino ka nagkagusto,

you will start aping the beliefs of the people around you

natutunan mong gumaya sa mga kuro-kuro ng mga tao sa paligid mo

without even realizing that that's what you're doing.

kahit na hindi mo namalayan na ginagawa mo pala ito.

And groups famously follow the opinions

At sa grupo kinikilala ang opinyon

of the most dominant or charismatic person in the room,

ng pinaka-dominate o karimateko sa lahat,

even though there's zero correlation

kahit na wala naman talagang kaugnayan

between being the best talker and having the best ideas --

sa pagitan ng pagiging pinakamabuting mananalita at sa taong mayroong pinakamagandang ideya --

I mean zero.

Ang ibig kong sabihin ay walang wala.

So --

Kaya ...

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

You might be following the person with the best ideas,

Maaring ika'y taga-sunod ng taong may pinakamagandang ideya,

but you might not.

o maaring hindi.

And do you really want to leave it up to chance?

And mas gugustuhin mo ba talagang iiwan na lang ito sa kapalaran?

Much better for everybody to go off by themselves,

Mas maganda sa lahat na tumungo sa kanilang sarili,

generate their own ideas

maglikha ng sariling ideya

freed from the distortions of group dynamics,

lumiban sa mga distorsyon ng dinamiko sa loob ng grupo

and then come together as a team

at pagkatapos ay magsamasama bilang isang pangkat

to talk them through in a well-managed environment

para pag-usapan ito sa mas maayos na paligid

and take it from there.

at magsimula diyan.

Now if all this is true,

Kung gayong ito ay totoo,

then why are we getting it so wrong?

bakit tayo nagkakamali?

Why are we setting up our schools this way, and our workplaces?

Bakit ginagawa natin ang mga paaralan at pinagtatrabahuan ng ganito?

At bakit pinakonsyensya natin ang mga introvert

And why are we making these introverts feel so guilty

sa kanilang pag-iisa sa ilang panahon?

about wanting to just go off by themselves some of the time?

One answer lies deep in our cultural history.

Ang kasagutan ay nariyan sa kasaysayan ng ating kultura.

Western societies,

Ang mga kanlurang lipunan,

and in particular the U.S.,

lalo na sa U.S.,

have always favored the man of action over the "man" of contemplation.

ay mas kinilala ang man of action

kaysa man of contemplation

at "man" of contemplation.

But in America's early days,

Pero sa unang araw ng America,

we lived in what historians call a culture of character,

tayo ay nabubuhay sa tinatawag ng mga mananalaysay na culture of character,

where we still, at that point, valued people

na kung saan, sa puntong iyon, ay pinahahalagahan pa natin ang tao

for their inner selves and their moral rectitude.

sa kanilang kalooban at moralidad.

And if you look at the self-help books from this era,

At kung titingnan mo sa mga self-books ngayon,

they all had titles with things like

nariyan ang mga pamagat na

"Character, the Grandest Thing in the World."

"Karakter, ang Pinakadakilang Bagay sa Daigdig."

And they featured role models like Abraham Lincoln,

At pinakilala ang mga bantog tulad ni Abraham Lincoln

who was praised for being modest and unassuming.

na pinuri sa kanyang mababang-loob at hindi hambog.

Ralph Waldo Emerson called him

Si Ralph Waldo Emerson ay kinilala siyang

"A man who does not offend by superiority."

"Ang taong hindi naka-offend ng pagiging mataas na uri."

But then we hit the 20th century,

Pero bumaling tayo sa ika-dalawampung siglo

and we entered a new culture

at pumasok tayo sa bagong kultura

that historians call the culture of personality.

na tinawag ng mga mananalaysay bilang culture of personality.

What happened is we had evolved an agricultural economy

Ang nangyari ay umunlad mula sa pagiging agrikultural

sa mundo ng kalakalan.

to a world of big business.

And so suddenly people are moving from small towns to the cities.

At biglang nagtungo ang mga tao

mula sa maliliit na pueblo sa siyudad.

And instead of working alongside people they've known all their lives,

At sa halip na mgatrabaho kasama ang mga taong kilala nila sa buong buhay

now they are having to prove themselves in a crowd of strangers.

ngayon ay pinapatunayan nila ang sarili

sa mga estranghero.

So, quite understandably,

Kaya, medyo maliwanag,

qualities like magnetism and charisma suddenly come to seem really important.

na ang mga katangian tulad ng magnetism at karesma

ay biglang naging napaka-importante.

And sure enough, the self-help books change to meet these new needs

At tiyak, na ang mga self-help books ay nagbago para matugugan itong bagong pangangailangan

and they start to have names

at nagsimula sila ng mga pangalang

like "How to Win Friends and Influence People."

tulad ng "Paano Makakuha ng mga Kaibigan at Makaimpluwensya ng mga Tao."

And they feature as their role models really great salesmen.

At ipinakilala nila ang mga modelo

na mga magagaling na salesman.

So that's the world we're living in today.

At iyan ang mundong kinalalagyan natin ngayon.

That's our cultural inheritance.

Iyan ang iting bilin sa ating kultura.

Now none of this is to say that social skills are unimportant,

Walang sinuman ang makakapagsabi

na ang mga social skill ay hindi importante,

and I'm also not calling for the abolishing of teamwork at all.

at hindi rin ako nagtatawag

para itigil ang teamwork.

The same religions who send their sages off to lonely mountain tops

Ang mga perihong relihiyon na ipinadala ang kanilang mga pantas sa tuktok ng bundok

also teach us love and trust.

ay nagtuturo din sa atin ng pagmamahal at pagtitiwala.

And the problems that we are facing today

At ang problemang hinaharap natin ngayon

in fields like science and in economics

sa agham at ekonomiya

are so vast and so complex

ay napakalawak at masalimuot

that we are going to need armies of people coming together

at kinakailangan natin ng mga hukbo ng taong nagkaisang

para solbahin ang problema.

to solve them working together.

But I am saying that the more freedom that we give introverts to be themselves,

Pero ako'y nagsasabi na mas bigyan natin ng kalayaan ang mga intovert sa pagiging sila,

mas makakabuo sila

the more likely that they are

to come up with their own unique solutions to these problems.

ng kanilang natatanging solusyon sa mga problema.

So now I'd like to share with you what's in my suitcase today.

Kaya ngayon gusto kong maibatid sa inyo

kung ano meron sa aking mga maleta ngayon.

Guess what?

Hulaan ninyo?

Books.

Mga libro.

I have a suitcase full of books.

Punong puno ang maleta ko ng libro.

Here's Margaret Atwood, "Cat's Eye."

Ito ang kay Margaret Atwood na "Cat's Eye."

Here's a novel by Milan Kundera.

Ito naman ang nobeka ni Milan Kundera.

And here's "The Guide for the Perplexed" by Maimonides.

At ito ang "The Guide fot the Perplexed"

ni Maimonides.

But these are not exactly my books.

Pero hindi ko talaga mga libro ito.

I brought these books with me

Dinala ko lang ito ngayon

because they were written by my grandfather's favorite authors.

dahil sinulat sila ng mga manunulat na paborito ng aking lola.

My grandfather was a rabbi

Ang aking lolo ay isang rabbi

and he was a widower

at isang biyodo

who lived alone in a small apartment in Brooklyn

na nanirahan sa isang maliit na apartmnet sa Brooklyn

that was my favorite place in the world when I was growing up,

na yun ang pinakapaborito kong lugar nung akoy lumalaki,

partly because it was filled with his very gentle, very courtly presence

bahagya dahil puno iyon ng kanyang mayumi at magalang na presensya

and partly because it was filled with books.

at bahagya dahil punong puno ito ng mga libro.

I mean literally every table, every chair in this apartment

Literal ang pagkakasabi ko na bawat mesa at bawat upuan sa apartment

had yielded its original function

ay nadaig ang orihinal nitong selbi

to now serve as a surface for swaying stacks of books.

at nagiging patungan na lang ng mga imbak ng libro.

Just like the rest of my family,

Tulad din sa amin,

my grandfather's favorite thing to do in the whole world was to read.

ang pinakapaboritong gawin ng aking lolo ay ang pagbabasa.

But he also loved his congregation,

Pero mahal rin nya ang kanyang kongregisyon,

and you could feel this love in the sermons that he gave

at maramdaman mo itong pagmamahal sa kanyang mga sermon

every week for the 62 years that he was a rabbi.

sa bawat linggo sa loob ng 62 na taon niya na pagiging rabbi.

He would takes the fruits of each week's reading

Iipunin niya ang bunga ng bawat linggong pagbabasa

and he would weave

at ang mga tepiserya ng maka-antigo at humistikong isipan.

these intricate tapestries of ancient and humanist thought.

Ang mga tao ay dumarating mula sa iba dako

And people would come from all over to hear him speak.

para marinig siyang magsalita.

But here's the thing about my grandfather.

Pero may isang bagay meron sa aking lolo.

Sa loob ng kanyang pansiremonyang tungkulin,

Underneath this ceremonial role,

he was really modest and really introverted --

isa siyang

so much so that when he delivered these sermons,

tunay nga na kung magbigay siya ng sermon,

he had trouble making eye contact

naging mahirap sa kanya ang pagkaroon ng eye contact

with the very same congregation that he had been speaking to for 62 years.

sa mismong kongregisyon

na pinagsasalitaan sa loob ng 62 taon.

And even away from the podium,

At kahit malayo sa pulpito,

when you called him to say hello,

kung babatiin mo siya,

he would often end the conversation prematurely

ay susubukin niyang matapos ang pakikipag-usap ng mas maaga

for fear that he was taking up too much of your time.

dahil sa takot na kinukuha niya ang oras mo.

But when he died at the age of 94,

Pero namatay siya sa gulang na 94,

the police had to close down the streets of his neighborhood

ang polisya ay sinara ang mga kalsada sa kanyang distrito

to accommodate the crowd of people who came out to mourn him.

para matanggap ang mga tao

na dumarating para pagluksaan ang kanyang pagpanaw.

At sa ngyon gusto kong matutuo sa mga ihemplo ng aking lolo

And so these days I try to learn from my grandfather's example

sa aking paraan.

in my own way.

So I just published a book about introversion,

Kaya isinulat ko ang isang libro hinggil sa introbersiyon,

and it took me about seven years to write.

at umabot ng pitong taon para ito masulat..

And for me, that seven years was like total bliss,

At par sa akin, yun pitong taon na iyon ay lubos na kaligayahan,

because I was reading, I was writing,

dahil ako ay nagbasa, nagsulat

I was thinking, I was researching.

nag-isip, nagsaliksik.

It was my version

Iyon ang aking bersyon

of my grandfather's hours of the day alone in his library.

ng pag-iisa ng aking lolo sa kanyang aklatan.

But now all of a sudden my job is very different,

Pero ngayon ay biglang nabago ang aking trabaho,

and my job is to be out here talking about it,

at ang aking trabaho ay pumarito at magsalita hinggil duon,

talking about introversion.

magsalita tungkol sa introbersiyon.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

And that's a lot harder for me,

At yan ay bagay na mahirap sa akin,

because as honored as I am to be here with all of you right now,

dahil karangalangan ko

ang pumarito sa inyong lahat ngayon,

this is not my natural milieu.

ito ay hindi ang kinagisnan kong kapaligiran.

So I prepared for moments like these as best I could.

Kaya inihanda ko ang aking sarili para sa pagkakataong ganito

sa abot ng aking makakaya.

I spent the last year practicing public speaking

Ginugol ko ang aking sarili sa nakaraang taon para sa public speaking

every chance I could get.

sa bawat pagkakataong makuha ko.

And I call this my "year of speaking dangerously."

At tinawag ko itong aking "taon ng peligrosong pagsasalita."

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

And that actually helped a lot.

At talagang nakatulong iyon sa akin.

But I'll tell you, what helps even more

Pero ito aysabihin ko sa inyo, kung ano ang mas nakatulong sa akin

is my sense, my belief, my hope that when it comes to our attitudes

ay ang aking diwa, ang aking paniniwala, ang aking pag-asa

na sa pagdating ng ating saloobin

to introversion and to quiet and to solitude,

sa introbersiyon at sa katahimikan at sa pag-iisa

we truly are poised on the brink on dramatic change.

tayo ay nariyan sa gilid ng pagbabago.

I mean, we are.

Ibig sabihin na tayo.

And so I am going to leave you now

At ibig kong iwan kayo

with three calls for action for those who share this vision.

nitong tatlong tawag sa pagkilos

para sa naka-ugnay nitong pananaw.

Number one:

Una:

Stop the madness for constant group work.

Ipigil ang kalokohan ng walang hangang group work.

Just stop it.

Itigil lang yan.

(Laughter)

(Tawanan)

Thank you.

Salamat.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)

And I want to be clear about what I'm saying,

At gusto kung maging malinaw sa aking sasabihin,

because I deeply believe our offices

dahil naniniwala ako na ang ating mga opisina

should be encouraging casual, chatty cafe-style types of interactions --

ay dapat naghihikayat

ng kaswal, yung tulad sa kapehan na interaksiyon --

you know, the kind where people come together

alam mo na, yung tipong nagsama-sama ang mga tao

and serendipitously have an exchange of ideas.

at di-sinasadyang nagpalitan ng mga ideya.

That is great.

Yun ay mahusay.

It's great for introverts and it's great for extroverts.

Iyon ay mabuti para sa mga introvert at mabuti para sa mga extrovert.

But we need much more privacy and much more freedom

Pero kailangan natin ng mas magiging pribado at mas maging malaya

at mas may otonomidad sa trabaho.

and much more autonomy at work.

School, same thing.

Sa eskwelahan ay ganun din.

We need to be teaching kids to work together, for sure,

Kailangan nating ituto sa mga bata ang pagtutulungan, siyempre,

but we also need to be teaching them how to work on their own.

pero kailangan din natin silang turuang magtrabaho sa sariling paraan.

Importante ito lalo na sa mga batang extrovert.

This is especially important for extroverted children too.

Kailangan nilang magtrabaho nang mag-isa

They need to work on their own

because that is where deep thought comes from in part.

dahil diyan nagmumula ang malalim na kaisipan.

Okay, pangalawa: Tumungo sa kaparangan.

Okay, number two: Go to the wilderness.

Be like Buddha, have your own revelations.

Maging kapareho ni Buddha, gumawa ka ng iyong rebelasyon.

I'm not saying

Hindi ko sinasabing

that we all have to now go off and build our own cabins in the woods

tumungo tayong lahat ngayon sa bundok at mag-yari ng ating dampa

and never talk to each other again,

at di na mag-uusap sa isa't isa,

but I am saying that we could all stand to unplug

pero ang gusto kong sabihin ay ating hukayin

and get inside our own heads a little more often.

ang meron sa ating utak

nang mas madalas pa.

Number three:

Pangatlo:

Take a good look at what's inside your own suitcase

Tingnang mabuti kung anong meron sa loob ng iyong maleta

and why you put it there.

at bakit mo inilagay yun.

So extroverts,

Kaya mga extrovert,

maybe your suitcases are also full of books.

marahil ang inyong maleta ay puno din ng mga libro.

Or maybe they're full of champagne glasses or skydiving equipment.

O marahil ay ng mga champagne glasses

o kagamitan sa skydiving.

Whatever it is, I hope you take these things out every chance you get

Kung ano man ang meron, ako'y umaas na sana ang mga ito nailabas mo sa bawat pagkakataon

and grace us with your energy and your joy.

at bigyan kami ng biyaya ng iyong enerhiya at kaligayahan.

But introverts, you being you,

Pero sa mga introvert, ikaw bilang ikaw,

you probably have the impulse to guard very carefully

marahil ay mayroon kang paghihimok para bantayan nang maigi

what's inside your own suitcase.

kung ano man meron sa loob ng iyong maleta.

And that's okay.

At yun ay okay lang.

But occasionally, just occasionally,

Pero paminsan-minsan, paminsan-minsan lang,

I hope you will open up your suitcases for other people to see,

nais ko sanang buksan mo ang iyong maleta para makita ang loob nito sa iba,

because the world needs you and it needs the things you carry.

dahil ang daigdig ay kailangan ka at kailangan nito ang mga bagay na iyong dinadala.

So I wish you the best of all possible journeys

Kaya, ninanais ko ang pinakamabuti sa lahat ng mga paglalakbay

and the courage to speak softly.

at ang kagitingan para magsalita ng mahina.

Thank you very much.

Maraming salamat.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)

Thank you. Thank you.

Salamat. Salamat.

(Applause)

(Palakpakan)