Why we have too few women leaders | Sheryl Sandberg

3,873,480 views ・ 2010-12-21

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Translator: Jose Camean Reviewer: Adrián Levices Casal
Todos os que estamos hoxe aquí
00:16
So for any of us in this room today, let's start out by admitting we're lucky.
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comecemos admitindo que temos sorte.
00:20
We don't live in the world our mothers lived in,
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Non vivimos no mundo
no que vivían as nosas nais e avoas
00:23
our grandmothers lived in,
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00:24
where career choices for women were so limited.
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onde as opcións de futuro para as mulleres eran moi limitadas.
00:27
And if you're in this room today,
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E se estás nesta sala hoxe,
00:29
most of us grew up in a world where we have basic civil rights,
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a maioría de nós medramos nun mundo
onde temos dereitos civís básicos
00:34
and amazingly, we still live in a world where some women don't have them.
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e, sorprendentemente, aínda vivimos nun mundo
no que algunhas mulleres non os teñen.
00:38
But all that aside, we still have a problem,
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Pero, alén diso, aínda temos un problema,
e é un problema real.
00:41
and it's a real problem.
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00:42
And the problem is this:
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E o problema é que
00:44
Women are not making it to the top of any profession
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as mulleres non están acadando
o cume das súas profesións
00:48
anywhere in the world.
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en ningures.
00:50
The numbers tell the story quite clearly.
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Os números dino claramente
00:52
190 heads of state -- nine are women.
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190 xefes de estado
nove son mulleres.
00:56
Of all the people in parliament in the world,
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Dos membros do parlamento en todo o mundo,
00:58
13 percent are women.
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un 13% son mulleres.
No mundo da empresa,
01:01
In the corporate sector, women at the top,
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as mulleres no cume:
01:03
C-level jobs, board seats --
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executivas, consellos de administración...
01:06
tops out at 15, 16 percent.
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representan o 15, 16 ó sumo.
01:09
The numbers have not moved since 2002
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Isto non mudou dende 2002
e van na dirección errada.
01:12
and are going in the wrong direction.
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01:14
And even in the non-profit world,
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E, mesmo en institucións sen ánimo de lucro,
01:16
a world we sometimes think of as being led by more women,
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un mundo que ás veces pensamos
está dirixido por mulleres,
01:19
women at the top: 20 percent.
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as mulleres en altas posicións son o 20%.
Mais temos tamén outro problema
01:23
We also have another problem,
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01:24
which is that women face harder choices
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é que as mulleres encaran eleccións máis difíciles
01:27
between professional success and personal fulfillment.
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entre o éxito profesional e a realización persoal.
01:30
A recent study in the U.S. showed that, of married senior managers,
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Un estudo recente nos Estados Unidos
amosou que dos altos directivos casados,
01:35
two-thirds of the married men had children
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dous terzos dos homes casados teñen fillos
01:38
and only one-third of the married women had children.
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e só un terzo das mulleres casadas teñen fillos.
01:41
A couple of years ago, I was in New York,
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Hai un par de anos, estaba en Nova Iorque
01:43
and I was pitching a deal,
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para presentar un acordo,
01:45
and I was in one of those fancy New York private equity offices
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e estaba nunha desas típicas oficinas de empresa elegantes,
xa sabedes.
01:48
you can picture.
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E na reunión, --unha xuntanza de preto de tres horas --
01:50
And I'm in the meeting -- it's about a three-hour meeting --
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01:52
and two hours in, there needs to be that bio break,
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logo de duas horas, precisabamos unha pausa para ir ó baño,
entón ergueuse todo o mundo ,
01:56
and everyone stands up,
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01:57
and the partner running the meeting starts looking really embarrassed.
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e o anfitrión da reunión
asemella estar moi incómodo.
02:01
And I realized he doesn't know where the women's room is in his office.
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E decateime de que non sabía
onde estaba o baño das mulleres na oficina.
02:05
So I start looking around for moving boxes,
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Entón comecei a ollar arredor por caixas,
pensando que se mudaran recentemente, pero non vin ningunha.
02:08
figuring they just moved in, but I don't see any.
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02:10
And so I said, "Did you just move into this office?"
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E preguntei: "Mudástesvos hai pouco?"
E dixo: "Non, levamos case un ano aquí."
02:14
And he said, "No, we've been here about a year."
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02:16
And I said, "Are you telling me that I am the only woman
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E eu lle dixen: "Estás a dicir
que eu son a única muller
02:21
to have pitched a deal in this office in a year?"
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que veu a pechar un acordo nesta oficina nun ano?"
02:24
And he looked at me, and he said,
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Mirou para min e dixo:
02:25
"Yeah. Or maybe you're the only one who had to go to the bathroom."
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"Si. Ou quizais es a única que quería ir ao baño."
02:29
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
02:31
So the question is, how are we going to fix this?
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Entón a cuestión é:
como podemos solucionar isto?
02:36
How do we change these numbers at the top?
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Como podemos cambiar estes números?
Como podemos mudar isto?
02:40
How do we make this different?
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02:42
I want to start out by saying, I talk about this --
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Quero comezar por dicir
que eu falo sobre isto,
02:45
about keeping women in the workforce --
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de manter as mulleres no mercado de traballo,
02:48
because I really think that's the answer.
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porque realmente creo que esa é a resposta.
02:50
In the high-income part of our workforce,
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Na parte alta da renda no mundo laboral,
entre as persoas que acadan os mellores traballos:
02:53
in the people who end up at the top --
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02:55
Fortune 500 CEO jobs, or the equivalent in other industries --
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director xeral nas empresas do Fortune 500
ou o equivalente noutras áreas.
03:00
the problem, I am convinced, is that women are dropping out.
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O problema, estou convencida,
é que as mulleres están abandonando.
03:03
Now people talk about this a lot,
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A xente fala moito sobre isto,
03:06
and they talk about things like flextime and mentoring
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e fálase de cousas coma o horario flexible e de asesoramento,
e programas que as empresas deberían ter para formar as mulleres.
03:09
and programs companies should have to train women.
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03:11
I want to talk about none of that today,
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Non quero falar de nada diso hoxe,
03:13
even though that's all really important.
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aínda que é realmente importante.
03:15
Today I want to focus on what we can do as individuals.
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Hoxe quero centrar a atención no que podemos facer como individuos.
03:18
What are the messages we need to tell ourselves?
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Cal é a mensaxes que precisamos transmitirnos?
03:21
What are the messages we tell the women that work with and for us?
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Que mensaxe temos que dar ás mulleres que traballan con e para nós?
03:24
What are the messages we tell our daughters?
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Que mensaxe lle damos ás nosas fillas?
03:26
Now, at the outset, I want to be very clear
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Quero ser certa dende o principio
eu non vou facer xuízos de valor nesta conferencia.
03:29
that this speech comes with no judgments.
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03:31
I don't have the right answer.
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Eu non teño a resposta correcta,
03:33
I don't even have it for myself.
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nin sequera para mi mesma.
03:35
I left San Francisco, where I live, on Monday,
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Saín de San Francisco, onde eu vivo, o luns
03:38
and I was getting on the plane for this conference.
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para coller o avión para vir a esta conferencia
e a miña filla de 3 anos de idade, cando a deixei na escola
03:41
And my daughter, who's three, when I dropped her off at preschool,
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cinxiuse á miña perna,
03:44
did that whole hugging-the-leg, crying, "Mommy, don't get on the plane" thing.
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chorado: "Mamá, non collas o avión."
03:47
This is hard. I feel guilty sometimes.
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É difícil. Ás veces síntome culpable.
03:50
I know no women,
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Non coñezo ningunha muller
03:52
whether they're at home or whether they're in the workforce,
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amas de casa, ou que traballen fóra,
que non sintan iso ás veces.
03:55
who don't feel that sometimes.
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03:56
So I'm not saying that staying in the workforce
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Entón non estou dicindo que traballar fóra
03:59
is the right thing for everyone.
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sexa adecuado para todos.
04:01
My talk today is about what the messages are
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A miña conferencia hoxe é sobre as mensaxes clave
04:04
if you do want to stay in the workforce,
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se se quere permanecer no mercado de traballo
04:06
and I think there are three.
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e penso que hai tres.
04:08
One, sit at the table.
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Primeiro, toma asento na mesa.
04:11
Two, make your partner a real partner.
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Segundo, fai do teu compañeiro un verdadeiro compañeiro.
04:14
And three, don't leave before you leave.
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E terceiro, non abandones antes de tempo.
Número un: toma asento na mesa.
04:19
Number one: sit at the table.
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Hai un par de semanas en Facebook,
04:21
Just a couple weeks ago at Facebook,
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04:22
we hosted a very senior government official,
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recibimos un alto representante do goberno,
04:25
and he came in to meet with senior execs
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que viña a encontrarse con altos executivos
de Silicon Valley.
04:28
from around Silicon Valley.
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04:30
And everyone kind of sat at the table.
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E todos sentaron á mesa.
04:32
He had these two women who were traveling with him
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E había dúas mulleres que viaxaban con eles
04:35
pretty senior in his department,
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que tiñan posicións importantes nos seus departamentos.
04:37
and I kind of said to them,
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E díxenlles: "Senten á mesa. Veña, senten á mesa."
04:38
"Sit at the table. Come on, sit at the table,"
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04:40
and they sat on the side of the room.
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E sentaron nun lado da sala.
04:43
When I was in college, my senior year,
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Cando estaba no último ano da universidade
04:45
I took a course called European Intellectual History.
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fixen un curso chamado Historia Intelectual Europea.
04:48
Don't you love that kind of thing from college?
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Non vos encantan estas cousas da universidade?
04:50
I wish I could do that now.
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Querería poder facelo agora.
04:52
And I took it with my roommate, Carrie,
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E fíxeno coa miña compañeira de cuarto, Carrie,
04:54
who was then a brilliant literary student --
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que era unha alumna brillante de literatura
04:56
and went on to be a brilliant literary scholar --
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e máis tarde converteuse nunha excelente académica en literatura
e co meu irmán,
04:59
and my brother -- smart guy,
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un rapaz astuto, pero xogador de waterpolo,
05:01
but a water-polo-playing pre-med,
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05:02
who was a sophomore.
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que era estudante de medicina de segundo ano.
05:04
The three of us take this class together.
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Os tres fixemos este curso xuntos.
05:06
And then Carrie reads all the books in the original Greek and Latin,
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Carrie leu todos os libros,
nas versións orixinais en grego e latín,
foi a todas as clases.
05:11
goes to all the lectures.
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05:12
I read all the books in English
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Eu lin todos os libros en inglés
05:14
and go to most of the lectures.
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e fun á maioría das clases.
05:16
My brother is kind of busy.
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O meu irmán estaba medio ocupado,
05:18
He reads one book of 12 and goes to a couple of lectures,
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leu un dos doce libros
e foi a un par de clases,
05:21
marches himself up to our room
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veu ao noso cuarto
un par de días antes da proba para que o axudásemos.
05:25
a couple days before the exam to get himself tutored.
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Os tres fomos ó exame xuntos.
05:28
The three of us go to the exam together, and we sit down.
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05:30
And we sit there for three hours --
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E estivemos alí durante 3 horas...
coas nosas libretas azuis ... si, así de vella son.
05:33
and our little blue notebooks -- yes, I'm that old.
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05:35
We walk out, we look at each other, and we say, "How did you do?"
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E saímos da aula, ollámonos e preguntámonos: "Como foi?"
05:38
And Carrie says, "Boy, I feel like I didn't really draw out the main point
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E Carrie dixo: "Bon, penso que non tratei a fondo o punto fundamental
da dialéctica hegeliana".
05:42
on the Hegelian dialectic."
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05:43
And I say, "God, I really wish I had really connected
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E eu dixen: "Deus, querería ter conectado
05:46
John Locke's theory of property with the philosophers that follow."
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a teoría da propiedade de John Locke con filósofos sucesivos."
05:49
And my brother says,
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E meu irmán dixo:
05:51
"I got the top grade in the class."
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"Teño a mellor nota da clase."
05:53
(Laughter)
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05:55
"You got the top grade in the class?
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"Tes a mellor nota da clase?
05:57
You don't know anything."
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Pero se non sabes nada!"
05:59
(Laughter)
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06:00
The problem with these stories is that they show what the data shows:
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O problema con estas historias
é que coinciden co que os datos amosan:
06:05
women systematically underestimate their own abilities.
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as mulleres regularmente subestiman as súas habilidades.
06:08
If you test men and women,
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Se fas un test a homes e mulleres
06:10
and you ask them questions on totally objective criteria like GPAs,
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e lles preguntas sobre algo totalmente obxectivo coma as notas medias,
06:13
men get it wrong slightly high,
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os homes erran ó valorarse de máis
06:15
and women get it wrong slightly low.
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as mulleres erran ó valorarse de menos.
06:18
Women do not negotiate for themselves in the workforce.
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As mulleres non negocian por si mesmas no mundo do traballo.
06:21
A study in the last two years
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Un estudo nos últimos dous anos
06:23
of people entering the workforce out of college
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sobre as persoas que entran no mercado de traballo dende a universidade
06:25
showed that 57 percent of boys entering, or men, I guess,
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amosa que o 57% dos nenos ó comezar,
ou homes, direi..
06:30
are negotiating their first salary,
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negocian o seu primer salario,
06:32
and only seven percent of women.
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e só 7% das mulleres.
06:35
And most importantly,
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E aínda máis importante,
06:37
men attribute their success to themselves,
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os homes auto-atribúense o éxito
06:40
and women attribute it to other external factors.
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e as mulleres a factores externos.
06:43
If you ask men why they did a good job,
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Se lle preguntas a un home por qué fixo un bo traballo,
06:45
they'll say, "I'm awesome.
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dirá, "Por qué son incrible.
06:48
Obviously. Why are you even asking?"
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Obviamente. Dubidábalo?
06:51
If you ask women why they did a good job,
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Se lle preguntas o mesmo a unha muller
06:53
what they'll say is someone helped them,
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dirá que alguén a axudou,
06:55
they got lucky, they worked really hard.
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tiveron sorte, traballaron moito.
06:57
Why does this matter?
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Por que é isto importante?
06:59
Boy, it matters a lot.
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Pois importa moito,
07:01
Because no one gets to the corner office
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porque ninguén chega ós postos importantes
07:04
by sitting on the side, not at the table,
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sentando a un lado e non na mesa de negociación.
07:06
and no one gets the promotion
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E ninguén recibe un ascenso,
07:08
if they don't think they deserve their success,
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se non pensa que merece o éxito,
07:11
or they don't even understand their own success.
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ou non entenden o porqué do seu propio éxito.
Querería que a resposta fose doada.
07:15
I wish the answer were easy.
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07:16
I wish I could go tell all the young women I work for,
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Se puidera dicirlle a todas esas mulleres novas coas que traballo,
todas esas mulleres incribeis,
07:19
these fabulous women,
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07:20
"Believe in yourself and negotiate for yourself.
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"Crede e negociade por vós mesmas.
07:22
Own your own success."
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sede donas do voso propio éxito"
07:24
I wish I could tell that to my daughter.
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Querería poder dicirllo á miña filla.
07:27
But it's not that simple.
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mais non é tan sinxelo.
07:29
Because what the data shows, above all else, is one thing,
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porque os datos amosan unha cousa, por riba de todo
07:32
which is that success and likeability are positively correlated for men
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que é que o éxito e a simpatía
teñen unha correlación positiva para os homes
07:37
and negatively correlated for women.
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e negativa para as mulleres.
07:39
And everyone's nodding, because we all know this to be true.
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E todos vós asentides coa cabeza
porque sabemos que é certo.
07:43
There's a really good study that shows this really well.
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Hai un estudo moi bo que o amosa moi ben.
07:46
There's a famous Harvard Business School study
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É un importante estudo da Harvard Business School,
07:48
on a woman named Heidi Roizen.
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sobre unha muller chamada Heidi Roizen.
07:50
And she's an operator in a company in Silicon Valley,
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Ela traballa nunha empresa
de Silicon Valley
07:54
and she uses her contacts
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e usou os seus contactos
07:56
to become a very successful venture capitalist.
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para converterse nunha inversora de éxito en capital risco.
07:59
In 2002 -- not so long ago --
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No 2002, non hai moito tempo,
08:01
a professor who was then at Columbia University
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un profesor que estaba entón na Universidade de Columbia
08:03
took that case and made it [Howard] Roizen.
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colleu o caso e cambiou o nome por Howard Roizen
08:06
And he gave the case out, both of them, to two groups of students.
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e deu os dous casos
a dous grupos de alumnos.
08:09
He changed exactly one word:
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Cambiou só unha palabra:
08:12
"Heidi" to "Howard."
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Heidi por Howard.
08:14
But that one word made a really big difference.
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Pero esa palabra supuxo unha gran diferenza.
08:17
He then surveyed the students,
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E logo fixo unha enquisa ós alumnos.
08:19
and the good news was the students, both men and women,
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As boas novas é que os estudantes tanto homes coma mulleres,
08:22
thought Heidi and Howard were equally competent,
185
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2394
pensaron que ambos, Heidi e Howard, eran os dous competentes
08:24
and that's good.
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1278
e iso é bo.
08:26
The bad news was that everyone liked Howard.
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2683
As malas novas son que a todos lles gustou Howard.
08:28
He's a great guy. You want to work for him.
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2000
É un tipo excelente, queren traballar con el,
08:30
You want to spend the day fishing with him.
189
510991
2000
queren pasar o día pescando con el.
E Heidi? Non están seguros.
08:33
But Heidi? Not so sure.
190
513015
1562
08:34
She's a little out for herself. She's a little political.
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2865
É un pouco egocéntrica e ten un sesgo político.
08:37
You're not sure you'd want to work for her.
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2047
Non estás seguro de se che gustaría traballar con ela.
08:40
This is the complication.
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1625
Esta é a complicación.
08:42
We have to tell our daughters and our colleagues,
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2310
Temos que lles dicir ás nosas fillas, ós nosos compañeiros de traballo,
08:44
we have to tell ourselves to believe we got the A,
195
524594
2684
e a nós mesmas que temos que crer que somos os mellores,
para conseguir o ascenso,
08:47
to reach for the promotion, to sit at the table,
196
527302
2934
para sentar á mesa.
08:50
and we have to do it in a world
197
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1779
E témolo que facer nun mundo
08:52
where, for them, there are sacrifices they will make for that,
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no que para acadalo, terán que sacrificarse,
08:55
even though for their brothers, there are not.
199
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2287
sacrificios que os seus irmáns homes non terán que facer.
08:59
The saddest thing about all of this is that it's really hard to remember this.
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539077
3667
A parte máis triste de todo isto é que é moi difícil de lembrar.
09:02
And I'm about to tell a story which is truly embarrassing for me,
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3048
Vou contar unha historia, realmente embarazosa para min,
09:05
but I think important.
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545840
1307
pero eu creo que é importante.
09:07
I gave this talk at Facebook not so long ago
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3197
Dei unha conferencia en Facebook non hai moito tempo
09:10
to about 100 employees,
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550751
2489
a uns 100 empregados.
Un par de horas máis tarde, había unha rapaza que traballa alí
09:13
and a couple hours later, there was a young woman who works there
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553264
3048
sentada fóra da miña oficina
09:16
sitting outside my little desk, and she wanted to talk to me.
206
556336
3339
que quería falar comigo.
09:19
I said, okay, and she sat down, and we talked.
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2143
Díxenlle que estaba ben, que sentara e falariamos.
09:21
And she said, "I learned something today.
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561866
1953
Díxome: "Hoxe aprendín algo.
09:23
I learned that I need to keep my hand up."
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563843
2055
Aprendín que teño que manter a man erguida"
E díxenlle: "que queres dicir ?"
09:26
"What do you mean?"
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566239
1032
09:27
She said, "You're giving this talk,
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1794
e dixo: "Ben, estabas dando a conferencia
09:29
and you said you would take two more questions.
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2297
e dixeches que ías atender dúas cuestións máis,
09:31
I had my hand up with many other people,
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2080
e eu, ao igual que moitos outros, tiña a miña man erguida, e contestaches dúas preguntas máis.
09:33
and you took two more questions.
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573538
1595
E entón baixei a man e vin que todas as mulleres fixeron o mesmo,
09:35
I put my hand down, and I noticed all the women did the same,
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2910
e entón respondiches a máis preguntas
09:38
and then you took more questions,
216
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1929
só dos homes."
09:40
only from the men."
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580044
1192
E pensei,
09:42
And I thought to myself,
218
582416
1291
09:43
"Wow, if it's me -- who cares about this, obviously --
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583731
2805
vaia, se isto me acontece a min, algo que me preocupa,
09:46
giving this talk --
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586560
1934
cando dou esta conferencia,
09:48
and during this talk, I can't even notice that the men's hands are still raised,
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588518
5718
e mentres a daba nin sequera me dei conta
de que as mans dos homes estaban aínda erguidas,
09:54
and the women's hands are still raised,
222
594260
1976
e as mans das mulleres estaban aínda erguidas,
09:56
how good are we
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596260
1178
a que nivel somos bos
09:57
as managers of our companies and our organizations
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2704
coma xestores das nosas empresas e organizacións
10:00
at seeing that the men are reaching for opportunities
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600190
2525
para ver que os homes buscan máis oportunidades
10:02
more than women?"
226
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1047
que as mulleres?
10:04
We've got to get women to sit at the table.
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2390
Cómpre facer que as mulleres senten á mesa.
10:06
(Cheers)
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606951
1001
10:07
(Applause)
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607976
3208
(Aplausos)
Mensaxe número dous:
10:11
Message number two:
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611208
1323
10:12
Make your partner a real partner.
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1887
fai do teu compañeiro un verdadeiro compañeiro.
10:14
I've become convinced that we've made more progress in the workforce
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3191
Estou convencida de que fixemos máis progreso no traballo
10:17
than we have in the home.
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617681
1555
ca nas nosas casas.
10:19
The data shows this very clearly.
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2211
Os datos amósano con claridade.
10:22
If a woman and a man work full-time and have a child,
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4179
Se unha muller e un home traballan a tempo completo
e teñen un fillo
10:26
the woman does twice the amount of housework the man does,
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3353
a muller fai o dobre do traballo na casa có home
10:29
and the woman does three times the amount of childcare the man does.
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4396
e as mulleres dedican tres veces máis tempo
para coidar dos nenos cós homes.
10:34
So she's got three jobs or two jobs, and he's got one.
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634707
3750
Entón ela ten tres ou dous traballos,
e el ten un.
10:38
Who do you think drops out when someone needs to be home more?
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3027
Quen pensades que deixará o traballo cando alguén teña que estar na casa?
As razóns disto son moi complicadas,
10:42
The causes of this are really complicated, and I don't have time to go into them.
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3810
e non teño tempo de entrar en detalles.
10:45
And I don't think Sunday football-watching and general laziness is the cause.
241
645908
3936
Mais non creo que o fútbol o domingo
ou a preguiza en xeral son a causa.
10:49
I think the cause is more complicated.
242
649868
2214
Coido que a causa é máis complicada.
Coido que, como sociedade,
10:52
I think, as a society,
243
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1489
10:53
we put more pressure on our boys to succeed
244
653619
2217
poñemos máis presión sobre os nosos fillos para ter éxito
10:55
than we do on our girls.
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655860
1376
ca sobre as nosas fillas.
10:57
I know men that stay home
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657714
2028
Coñezo homes que quedan na casa
10:59
and work in the home to support wives with careers,
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659766
3067
e traballan na casa para apoiar a carreira das súas mulleres
e é difícil.
11:02
and it's hard.
248
662857
1027
11:03
When I go to the Mommy-and-Me stuff and I see the father there,
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663908
3328
Cando vou a reunións de nais
e vexo alí ó pai,
11:07
I notice that the other mommies don't play with him.
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667260
3519
doume conta que as outras nais
non interactúan con el.
11:11
And that's a problem,
251
671260
1976
E iso é un problema,
11:13
because we have to make it as important a job,
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3186
porque temos que dignificar o traballo
11:16
because it's the hardest job in the world to work inside the home,
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3379
porque é a cousa máis difícil do mundo, traballar na casa
11:19
for people of both genders,
254
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1480
para persoas de ambos sexos
11:21
if we're going to even things out and let women stay in the workforce.
255
681377
3494
se queremos igualar a cousa e que mulleres traballen fóra.
11:24
(Applause)
256
684895
1341
(Aplausos)
11:26
Studies show that households with equal earning
257
686260
2239
Os estudos amosan que familias con salarios
11:28
and equal responsibility
258
688523
1942
e responsabilidades similares
11:30
also have half the divorce rate.
259
690489
2161
tamén padecen a metade de divorcios.
11:32
And if that wasn't good enough motivation for everyone out there,
260
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3184
E se isto non é motivación suficiente para todo o mundo,
11:35
they also have more --
261
695882
1813
eles tamén teñen...
11:37
how shall I say this on this stage?
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697719
1810
...como dicilo neste escenario?
11:39
They know each other more in the biblical sense as well.
263
699553
2683
Estas parellas coñecense mellor, no sentido bíblico tamén.
11:42
(Cheers)
264
702260
2493
(Risos)
11:44
Message number three:
265
704777
1935
Mensaxe número tres:
11:46
Don't leave before you leave.
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706736
1500
non abandones antes de tempo.
11:48
I think there's a really deep irony
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1743
Creo que é unha grande ironía
11:50
to the fact that actions women are taking --
268
710566
2085
que as mulleres tomen medidas,
11:52
and I see this all the time --
269
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1561
e véxoo todo o tempo,
11:54
with the objective of staying in the workforce
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714260
3126
co fin de seguir traballando,
11:57
actually lead to their eventually leaving.
271
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2565
e que en realidade as leva a deixar o traballo.
11:59
Here's what happens:
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719999
1237
Isto é o que acontece:
12:01
We're all busy. Everyone's busy. A woman's busy.
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2544
todos estamos moi ocupados, todo o mundo, as mulleres están ocupadas.
12:03
And she starts thinking about having a child,
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2408
E a muller comeza a pensar en ter un fillo.
12:06
and from the moment she starts thinking about having a child,
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2976
E dende o momento que empeza a pensar en ter un fillo
12:09
she starts thinking about making room for that child.
276
729260
2524
comeza a pensar en encontrar o tempo para o seu fillo.
"Como podo combinar iso con todo o que fago?"
12:12
"How am I going to fit this into everything else I'm doing?"
277
732257
2811
12:15
And literally from that moment,
278
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2650
E, literalmente, a partir daquel momento,
deixa de erguer a man,
12:18
she doesn't raise her hand anymore,
279
738116
2294
12:20
she doesn't look for a promotion, she doesn't take on the new project,
280
740434
3330
xa non procura un ascenso, xa non inicia un novo proxecto,
12:23
she doesn't say, "Me. I want to do that."
281
743788
1977
xa non di, "Eu quero facelo".
12:25
She starts leaning back.
282
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1274
Comeza a botarse para atrás.
12:27
The problem is that --
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1397
O problema é que ...
12:28
let's say she got pregnant that day, that day --
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3564
digamos que fica en cinta, ese dia
12:32
nine months of pregnancy, three months of maternity leave,
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2765
nove meses de xestación, tres meses de licencia de maternidade
12:35
six months to catch your breath --
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2150
seis meses para recuperar o alento,
12:37
Fast-forward two years,
287
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1462
e pasan dous anos,
12:38
more often -- and as I've seen it --
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758920
1960
con moita frecuencia... coma teño visto,
12:40
women start thinking about this way earlier --
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2514
as mulleres comezan a pensar sobre iso moito antes,
12:43
when they get engaged, or married,
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1890
cando se comprometen, cando casan,
12:45
when they start thinking about having a child,
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2148
cando comezan a pensar en tentar ter un fillo, algo que pode levar moito tempo.
12:47
which can take a long time.
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1467
Unha vez unha muller viu a verme para falar diso
12:49
One woman came to see me about this.
293
769019
2008
e mirei para ela pareceume una rapaciña.
12:51
She looked a little young.
294
771051
1729
12:52
And I said, "So are you and your husband thinking about having a baby?"
295
772804
3334
E díxenlle: "Entón ti e o teu marido estades a pensar en ter un fillo?"
E dixo: "Non, non estou casada."
12:56
And she said, "Oh no, I'm not married."
296
776162
1962
12:58
She didn't even have a boyfriend.
297
778148
1575
Nin sequera tiña un mozo.
12:59
(Laughter)
298
779747
1001
13:00
I said, "You're thinking about this just way too early."
299
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3331
E dixen: "Estás a pensar sobre isto
moi cedo".
13:04
But the point is that what happens
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2618
Mais o argumento é, que ocorre
13:07
once you start kind of quietly leaning back?
301
787121
2648
cando un comeza a retirarse lentamente?
13:10
Everyone who's been through this --
302
790803
1766
Todos os que pasaron por isto...
13:12
and I'm here to tell you, once you have a child at home,
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2743
e estou aquí para dicirvos, que cando hai un neno na casa
13:15
your job better be really good to go back,
304
795360
2586
máis vale que o teu traballo sexa bo
13:17
because it's hard to leave that kid at home.
305
797970
2143
porque é moi difícil deixar o neno na casa,
o teu traballo ten que ser un desafío.
13:20
Your job needs to be challenging.
306
800137
1864
Ten que darte satisfacción.
13:22
It needs to be rewarding.
307
802025
1666
13:23
You need to feel like you're making a difference.
308
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2521
Tes que sentir que estás marcando a diferenza.
13:26
And if two years ago you didn't take a promotion
309
806260
2976
E se hai dous anos non acadaches o ascenso
13:29
and some guy next to you did,
310
809260
2266
e algún home no traballo o conseguiu,
13:31
if three years ago you stopped looking for new opportunities,
311
811550
3686
se hai tres anos
deixaches de procurar novas oportunidades
13:35
you're going to be bored
312
815260
1728
vas estar aburrida
13:37
because you should have kept your foot on the gas pedal.
313
817012
2693
porque deberías ter deixado o pé no acelerador.
13:40
Don't leave before you leave.
314
820472
2395
Non abandones antes de tempo.
13:42
Stay in.
315
822891
1345
Queda.
13:44
Keep your foot on the gas pedal,
316
824260
1976
Mantén o pé no acelerador
13:46
until the very day you need to leave to take a break for a child --
317
826260
4631
ata que de verdade teñas que marchar
para ocuparte do teu fillo
13:50
and then make your decisions.
318
830915
1786
e só entón toma as túas decisións.
Non tomes decisións demasiado cedo,
13:53
Don't make decisions too far in advance,
319
833156
2478
13:55
particularly ones you're not even conscious you're making.
320
835658
2718
especialmente daquelas que nin sequera sabes que as estás tomando.
13:59
My generation really, sadly,
321
839771
1741
A miña xeración realmente, e por desgracia,
14:01
is not going to change the numbers at the top.
322
841536
2271
non vai cambiar os números que hai no cume.
14:03
They're just not moving.
323
843831
1720
Non están a cambiar.
14:05
We are not going to get to where 50 percent of the population --
324
845575
3202
Non imos chegar a ese 50% da poboación...
14:08
in my generation, there will not be 50 percent of [women]
325
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2667
...na miña xeración, non haberá un 50% de mulleres
14:11
at the top of any industry.
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851492
1507
en postos superiores de calquera sector.
Pero agardo que sexa así en xeracións futuras.
14:14
But I'm hopeful that future generations can.
327
854130
2421
14:17
I think a world where half of our countries and our companies
328
857544
4689
Coido que un mundo
onde a metade dos países e metade das empresas
fosen gobernados por mulleres, sería un mundo mellor.
14:22
were run by women, would be a better world.
329
862257
2413
14:24
It's not just because people would know where the women's bathrooms are,
330
864694
3381
E non só porque a xente sabería onde están os baños para as mulleres,
o que sería moi útil.
14:28
even though that would be very helpful.
331
868099
2653
14:30
I think it would be a better world.
332
870776
1747
Coido que sería un mundo mellor.
Teño dous fillos.
14:33
I have two children.
333
873503
1275
14:34
I have a five-year-old son and a two-year-old daughter.
334
874802
2572
Teño un fillo de cinco anos e unha filla de dous anos.
14:37
I want my son to have a choice
335
877820
1677
Quero que o meu fillo teña a oportunidade
14:39
to contribute fully in the workforce or at home,
336
879521
3072
de contribuír plenamente no lugar de traballo ou na casa
14:42
and I want my daughter to have the choice to not just succeed,
337
882617
3896
e quero que miña filla teña a oportunidade de escoller
non só para ter exito,
14:46
but to be liked for her accomplishments.
338
886537
2699
mais para ser amada polos seus logros.
Grazas.
14:49
Thank you.
339
889260
1110
14:50
(Applause)
340
890394
1866
(Aplausos)
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