Hans Rosling: Debunking third-world myths with the best stats you've ever seen

Translator: Marit Dremljuga-Telk Reviewer: Kaisa-Kitri Niit

About 10 years ago, I took on the task to teach global development

Umbes 10 aastat tagasi hakkasin õpetama

globaalse arengu kursust

Rootsi bakatudengitele.

to Swedish undergraduate students.

That was after having spent about 20 years,

Enne seda olin 20 aastat

together with African institutions,

koos Aafrika organisatsioonidega

studying hunger in Africa.

uurinud sealset näljahäda.

So I was sort of expected to know a little about the world.

Seega eeldati, et mul on mingi ettekujutus

maailma asjadest juba olemas .

And I started, in our medical university, Karolinska Institute,

Hakkasingi meie meditsiiniülikoolis, Karolinska Instituudis,

an undergraduate course called Global Health.

lugema bakalaureusekursust „Globaalne tervis“.

But when you get that opportunity, you get a little nervous.

Kui saad sellise võimaluse, hakkad veidi muretsema.

I thought, these students coming to us actually have the highest grade

Arvasin, et siia ülikooli tulevad

vaid Rootsi parimad gümnaasiumilõpetajad.

you can get in the Swedish college system,

so I thought, maybe they know everything I'm going to teach them about.

Mõtlesin, et ehk nad juba teavad kõike, mida neile õpetama hakkan?

Nii et lasin neil esmalt teha eeltesti.

So I did a pretest when they came.

And one of the questions from which I learned a lot was this one:

Üks küsimus, mis mind ennast ka haris, oli järgmine:

"Which country has the highest child mortality of these five pairs?"

„Millises nendest viiest riigipaarist on kõige kõrgem laste suremuse tase?“

And I put them together so that in each pair of countries,

Panin riigid paaridesse nii, et igas paaris ühes riigis

one has twice the child mortality of the other.

oleks laste suremus kaks korda kõrgem kui teises.

And this means that it's much bigger, the difference,

See tähendab, et erinevus on palju suurem

than the uncertainty of the data.

kui lihtsalt tulemuste ebatäpsus.

I won't put you at a test here, but it's Turkey,

Ma ei hakka teile seda testi tegema,

which is highest there, Poland, Russia, Pakistan and South Africa.

aga siin paaris on Türgi kõrgem, siin Poola

Venemaa, Pakistan ja Lõuna-Aafrika.

And these were the results of the Swedish students.

Need siin on Rootsi üliõpilaste tulemused.

I did it so I got the confidence interval, which is pretty narrow.

Tegin seda nii, et sain üsna kitsa usaldusvahemiku.

And I got happy, of course -- a 1.8 right answer out of five possible.

Ja loomulikult rõõmustasin – 1.8 õigeid vastuseid viiest võimalikust.

That means there was a place for a professor of international health

Seega oli vaja nii rahvusvahelise tervise professorit kui ka minu kursust.

and for my course.

(Laughter)

But one late night, when I was compiling the report,

Aga ühel hilisõhtul, kui ma aruannet kokku panin,

I really realized my discovery.

sain aru, mida olin tegelikult avastanud.

Minu tulemused näitasid, et Rootsi parimad üliõpilased

I have shown that Swedish top students know, statistically,

teavad statistiliselt oluliselt vähem maailma kohta kui šimpansid.

significantly less about the world than the chimpanzees.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

Sest šimpansid vastaksid õigesti pooled küsimused,

Because the chimpanzee would score half right

if I gave them two bananas with Sri Lanka and Turkey.

kui ma annaksin neile kaks banaani Sri Lanka ja Türgi puhul,

They would be right half of the cases. But the students are not there.

oleksid nad õigesti vastanud, aga õpilased mitte.

The problem for me was not ignorance; it was preconceived ideas.

Minu jaoks polnud probleemiks teadmiste puudumine, vaid eelarvamused.

I did also an unethical study

Tegin ka ebaeetilise uuringu Karolinska Instituudi professorite seas,

of the professors of the Karolinska Institute,

kes annavad välja Nobeli meditsiinipreemiat,

which hands out the Nobel Prize in Medicine,

and they are on par with the chimpanzee there.

ja nemad on šimpansidega samal tasemel.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

This is where I realized that there was really a need to communicate,

Sel hetkel sain aru, et meil tõesti vaja sellest rääkida,

because the data of what's happening in the world

sest andmed selle kohta,

mis maailmas ja laste tervise valdkonnas igas riigis toimub,

and the child health of every country

is very well aware.

on ju täiesti olemas.

So we did this software, which displays it like this.

Seega arendasime tarkvara, mis kuvab seda niimoodi.

Every bubble here is a country.

Iga mullike siin on riik.

This country over here is China.

See riik siin on Hiina.

This is India.

See on India.

The size of the bubble is the population,

Mulli suurus näitab rahvaarvu,

and on this axis here, I put fertility rate.

ja sellel teljel on sündimuse tase.

Because my students, what they said

Mida mu tudengid ütlesid, kui nad vaatasid seda maailma

when they looked upon the world, and I asked them,

ja kui ma küsisin neilt: „Mida te maailmast päriselt arvate?“

"What do you really think about the world?"

Well, I first discovered that the textbook was Tintin, mainly.

Kõigepealt avastasin muidugi, et õpikus oli palju Tintini.

(Laughter)

And they said, "The world is still 'we' and 'them.'

Ja nad vastasid, „Maailm on endiselt ’meie’ ja ’nemad’.

And 'we' is the Western world and 'them' is the Third World."

Ja ’meie’ on läänemaailm ning ’nemad’ Kolmas Maailm.“

"And what do you mean with 'Western world?'" I said.

„Mida te läänemaailma all silmas peate?“ küsisin.

"Well, that's long life and small family.

„Noh, see tähendab pikk elu ja väike perekond.

And 'Third World' is short life and large family."

Ja Kolmas Maailm on lühike elu ja suur perekond.“

So this is what I could display here.

Nii näeb see välja graafikuna.

I put fertility rate here --

Panin siia sündimusnäitaja, laste arv iga naise kohta:

number of children per woman: one, two, three, four,

üks, kaks, kolm, neli kuni kaheksa last naise kohta.

up to about eight children per woman.

We have very good data since 1962, 1960, about,

Meil on head andmed perede suuruse kohta riikides alates 1962. aastast.

on the size of families in all countries.

The error margin is narrow.

Veapiir on väike.

Here, I put life expectancy at birth,

Siin on eeldatav eluiga alates sünnist,

from 30 years in some countries, up to about 70 years.

alates 30. eluaastast mõnes riigis

kuni 70 aastani.

And in 1962, there was really a group of countries here

1962. aastal oli tõesti grupp riike, mis olid tööstusriigid.

that were industrialized countries,

and they had small families and long lives.

Seal olid väikesed pered ja pikk eluiga.

And these were the developing countries.

Ja need olid arengumaad.

They had large families and they had relatively short lives.

Seal olid suured perekonnad ja suhteliselt lühike eluiga.

Now, what has happened since 1962? We want to see the change.

Mis on aga toimunud alates 1962. aastast?

Tahaks näha, mis on muutunud.

Are the students right? It's still two types of countries?

Kas tudengitel on õigus? Kas on endiselt kahte tüüpi riike?

Or have these developing countries got smaller families and they live here?

Või on arengumaade pered nüüd väiksemad ja nad elavad siin?

Or have they got longer lives and live up there?

Või on neil pikem eluiga ja elavad seal?

Let's see. We start the world, eh?

Vaatame. Me peatasime maailma.

This is all UN statistics that have been available.

Siin on kogu ÜROs olemasolev statistika.

Here we go. Can you see there?

Kas te näete seda?

It's China there, moving against better health there, improving there.

See seal on Hiina, liigub parema tervishoiu poole, edeneb jõudsalt

All the green Latin American countries are moving towards smaller families.

Kõik need rohelised Ladina-Ameerika riigid liiguvad väiksemate perede poole.

Your yellow ones here are the Arabic countries,

Need kollased siin on Araabia riigid, neil on suuremad pered...

and they get longer life, but not larger families.

Ei, pikem eluiga, aga mitte suurem pere.

The Africans are the green here. They still remain here.

Aafriklased on rohelised, püsivad paigal.

This is India; Indonesia is moving on pretty fast.

See on India, Indoneesia liigub päris kiirelt edasi.

In the '80s here, you have Bangladesh still among the African countries.

80ndatel näete Bangladeshi, ikka Aafrikaga samal tasemel.

But now, Bangladesh -- it's a miracle that happens in the '80s --

Bangladesh nüüd. 80ndatel on ime juhtunud.

the imams start to promote family planning,

Imaamid hakkasid toetama pereplaneerimist

and they move up into that corner.

ja nad on liikunud edasi siia nurka.

And in the '90s, we have the terrible HIV epidemic

90ndatel oli meil kohutav HIV epideemia,

that takes down the life expectancy of the African countries.

mis lühendas eeldatavat eluiga Aafrikas.

And the rest of them all move up into the corner,

Ja kõik ülejäänud on liikunud üles nurka,

where we have long lives and small family,

kus meil on pikk eluiga ja väike pere,

and we have a completely new world.

ja meil on täiesti uus maailm.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)

(Applause ends)

Let me make a comparison directly

Kui võrdleme Ameerika Ühendriike ja Vietnami

between the United States of America and Vietnam.

1964:

aastal 1964:

America had small families and long life;

Ameerikas olid väikesed pered ja pikk eluiga,

Vietnam had large families and short lives.

Vietnamis suured pered ja lühike eluiga.

And this is what happens.

Ja siis juhtus nii.

The data during the war indicate that even with all the death,

Sõjaaegsed andmed näitavad, et isegi kõrge suremusega tõusis eeldatav eluiga.

there was an improvement of life expectancy.

By the end of the year, family planning started in Vietnam,

Aasta lõpus alustati Vietnamis pereplaneerimisega ja pere suurus vähenes.

and they went for smaller families.

And the United States up there is getting longer life,

Ameerika Ühendriikides, seal üleval, tõusis eluiga, pere suurus jäi samaks.

keeping family size.

And in the '80s now, they give up Communist planning

Ja kui 80ndatel loobuti kommunistlikust plaanimajandusest

and they go for market economy,

ja mindi üle turumajandusele,

and it moves faster even than social life.

oli majandusareng ees ühiskondlikest muutustest.

And today, we have in Vietnam

Tänapäeval on Vietnamis sama eeldatav eluiga ja pere suurus 2003. aastal

the same life expectancy and the same family size

here in Vietnam, 2003,

as in United States, 1974, by the end of the war.

kui Ameerika Ühendriikides 1974. aastal, peale sõda.

I think we all, if we don't look at the data,

Ma arvan, et me kõik, kui me ei vaata andmeid,

we underestimate the tremendous change in Asia,

alahindame tohutut muutust, mis on Aasias toimunud,

mis toimus sotsiaalsel tasandil enne,

which was in social change before we saw the economic change.

kui tekkisid muutused majanduses.

So let's move over to another way here

Liigume edasi teise vaate juurde,

in which we could display the distribution in the world

kus näeb sissetulekute jaotust maailmas.

of income.

This is the world distribution of income of people.

Siin on maailma inimeste sissetulekud.

One dollar, 10 dollars or 100 dollars per day.

Üks dollar, 10 või 100 dollarit päevas.

There's no gap between rich and poor any longer. This is a myth.

Vahet rikaste ja vaeste vahel ei eksisteeri enam. See on müüt.

There's a little hump here.

Siin on väike küür.

But there are people all the way.

Aga siin on igal pool inimesed.

And if we look where the income ends up,

Ja kui nüüd vaadata, kuhu sissetulekud välja jõuavad.

this is 100 percent of the world's annual income.

Siin on 100% maailma aastasest sissetulekust.

And the richest 20 percent,

Kõige rikkamad 20%

they take out of that about 74 percent.

saavad sellest 74%.

And the poorest 20 percent, they take about two percent.

Kõige vaesemad 20%

saavad sellest umbes 2%.

See näitab, et arengumaade mõiste

And this shows that the concept of developing countries

is extremely doubtful.

on äärmiselt küsitav.

We think about aid,

Abist mõeldakse nõnda, et need siin,

like these people here giving aid to these people here.

annavad abi nendele, kes on siin.

But in the middle, we have most of the world population,

Aga siin keskel on ju enamik maailma rahvastikust

and they have now 24 percent of the income.

Neile kuulub 24% sissetulekutest.

We heard it in other forms.

Oleme sellest tegelikult ju kuulnud.

And who are these?

Aga kes need on? Kus on need erinevad riigid?

Where are the different countries?

I can show you Africa.

Võin teile näidata Aafrikat.

This is Africa.

See on Aafrika.

10% maailma rahvaarvust, enamik neist vaesuses.

Ten percent of the world population,

most in poverty.

See on OECD.

This is OECD -- the rich countries, the country club of the UN.

Rikkad riigid, ÜRO rikaste klubi.

And they are over here on this side. Quite an overlap between Africa and OECD.

Ja nad on siin teisel pool.

Samas on kattuvus Aafrika ja OECD vahel.

And this is Latin America.

Ja see on Ladina-Ameerika.

It has everything on this earth, from the poorest to the richest

Seal on kõike:

kõige vaesematest kuni kõige rikkamateni.

in Latin America.

Ja selle kõige kõrvale võime asetada

And on top of that, we can put East Europe,

Ida-Euroopa, Ida-Aasia ja Lõuna-Aasia.

we can put East Asia, and we put South Asia.

And what did it look like if we go back in time,

Aga milline oleks pilt siis,

kui läheksime ajas tagasi,

to about 1970?

näiteks 1970ndatesse?

Then, there was more of a hump.

Siis oli see küür suurem.

And most who lived in absolute poverty were Asians.

Kõige vaesem oli Aasia rahvastik.

The problem in the world was the poverty in Asia.

Toona oli probleemiks vaesus Aasias.

And if I now let the world move forward,

Kui nüüd kerida aega edasi,

you will see that while population increases,

siis näete, et kui rahvaarv kasvas,

there are hundreds of millions in Asia getting out of poverty,

pääsesid sajad miljonid Aasias vaesusest,

ja mõned teised langesid vaesusesse.

and some others getting into poverty,

and this is the pattern we have today.

Selline on tänapäeva graafik.

Ja Maailmapanga prognooside kohaselt

And the best projection from the World Bank

is that this will happen,

jõuame sellisesse olukorda.

Enam ei oleks kahte eri maailma.

and we will not have a divided world.

We'll have most people in the middle.

Enamik inimesi paikneks keskel.

Of course it's a logarithmic scale here,

Muidugi on see logaritmiline skaala,

but our concept of economy is growth with percent.

aga meie majanduse kontseptsioon on protsendikaupa kasvamine.

We look upon it as a possibility of percentile increase.

Arengut vaadeldakse kui protsentuaalse kasvu võimalust.

If I change this and take GDP per capita instead of family income,

Kui ma nüüd muudan andmeid

ja võtan pere sissetuleku asemel SKT elaniku kohta,

and I turn these individual data

ja muudan üksikindiviidi andmed regionaalse SKT näitajaks

into regional data of gross domestic product,

and I take the regions down here,

ja vaatlen hoopis regioone,

the size of the bubble is still the population.

mulli suurus näitab endiselt rahvaarvu,

And you have the OECD there, and you have sub-Saharan Africa there,

siin on OECD,

ja seal on Sahara-tagune Aafrika,

and we take off the Arab states there,

ja tõstame eraldi Araabia riigid,

coming both from Africa and from Asia,

mis on mõlemad Aafrikast ja Aasiast,

and we put them separately,

ja paneme nad siia,

and we can expand this axis, and I can give it a new dimension here,

nii saame seda telge laiendada

ja lisada uue dimensiooni,

tuues juurde sotsiaalsed väärtused, laste ellujäämise.

by adding the social values there, child survival.

Now I have money on that axis,

Nii, nüüd on raha sellel teljel

and I have the possibility of children to survive there.

ja teisel on laste ellujäämise statistika.

Mõnedes riikides elab 99.7% lapsi vähemalt 5-aastaseks,

In some countries, 99.7% of children survive to five years of age;

others, only 70.

teistes vaid 70% lapsi.

Ja siin tundub olevat vahe OECD, Ladina-Ameerika, Ida-Euroopa,

And here, it seems, there is a gap between OECD,

Latin America, East Europe, East Asia,

Ida-Aasia, Araabiamaade, Lõuna- Aasia ja Sahara-taguse Aafrika vahel.

Arab states, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

The linearity is very strong between child survival and money.

Lineaarsus laste ellujäämise ja raha vahel on väga tugev.

But let me split sub-Saharan Africa.

Aga võtaks Sahara-taguse Aafrika eraldi.

Health is there and better health is up there.

Tervis on seal ja parem tervis on seal üleval.

I can go here, and I can split sub-Saharan Africa into its countries.

Siin võib Sahara-taguse Aafrika eraldi riikideks jagada.

And when it bursts,

Ja kui mull katki teha, siis näitab iga riigi mull rahvaarvu.

the size of each country bubble is the size of the population.

Sierra Leone seal all, Mauritius seal üleval.

Sierra Leone down there, Mauritius is up there.

Mauritius was the first country to get away with trade barriers,

Mauritius oli esimene riik, kus saadi lahti kaubandustõketest,

and they could sell their sugar, they could sell their textiles,

nad said müüa oma suhkrut ja tekstiili

võrdsetel tingimustel Euroopa ja Põhja-Ameerikaga.

on equal terms as the people in Europe and North America.

There's a huge difference [within] Africa.

Aafrika riigid on väga erinevad.

And Ghana is here in the middle.

Ghana on siin keskel.

In Sierra Leone, humanitarian aid.

Sierra Leone saab humanitaarabi.

Here in Uganda, development aid.

Ugandas saab arenguabi.

Here, time to invest; there, you can go for a holiday.

Siin on hea aeg investeerida,

sinna võib aga puhkusele minna.

There's tremendous variation within Africa,

Aafrikas on väga suured erinevused

which we very often make that it's equal everything.

mida me tihti üldse ei arvesta.

Võib võtta eraldi ka Lõuna-Aasia riigid.

I can split South Asia here. India's the big bubble in the middle.

India on suur mull siin keskel.

But there's a huge difference between Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.

Afganistani ja Sri Lanka on väga erinevad.

I can split Arab states. How are they?

Eraldi võib vaadata ka Araabiamaid.

Same climate, same culture, same religion -- huge difference.

Kuidas neil läheb?

Sama kliima, sama kultuur, sama religioon, aga erinevused on suured.

Isegi naabrite vahel – Jeemenis on kodusõda,

Even between neighbors --

Yemen, civil war;

United Arab Emirates, money, which was quite equally and well-used.

Araabia Ühendemiraatides on rikkus jaotunud üsna võrdselt ja hästi kasutatud.

Not as the myth is.

Mitte nagu kuuldused räägivad.

And that includes all the children of the foreign workers

See käib ka kõikide võõrtööliste laste kohta, kes seal riigis elavad.

who are in the country.

Andmed on tihti paremad kui arvame.

Data is often better than you think. Many people say data is bad.

Paljud ütlevad, et andmed on halvad.

There is an uncertainty margin, but we can see the difference here:

Olenemata kaheldavuse marginaalist, näeme selgeid erinevusi:

Cambodia, Singapore.

Kambodža, Singapur.

The differences are much bigger than the weakness of the data.

Erinevused on palju suuremad kui lihtsalt nõrgad andmed.

East Europe: Soviet economy for a long time,

Ida-Euroopa:

pikalt elati plaanimajanduses,

aga 10 aasta möödudes olid riigid sellest välja tulnud väga erinevalt.

but they come out after 10 years very, very differently.

And there is Latin America.

Siin on Ladina-Ameerika.

Today, we don't have to go to Cuba

Pole vaja enam minna Kuubale, et leida häid tervisenäitajaid Ladina-Ameerikas.

to find a healthy country in Latin America.

Chile will have a lower child mortality than Cuba within some few years from now.

Tšiilis on mõne aasta pärast laste suremus madalam kui Kuubal.

Here, we have high-income countries in the OECD.

Siin on kõrge sissetulekuga OECD riigid.

And we get the whole pattern here of the world,

Näeme siin ülevaadet kogu maailmast,

which is more or less like this.

mis suures plaanis näeb välja selline.

And if we look at it, how the world looks,

Kui vaadata, milline nägi maailm välja

in 1960, it starts to move.

1960ndatel

hakkame siit liikuma, 1960ndatel.

See on Mao Zedong. Tema tõi Hiinasse tervishoiu.

This is Mao Zedong. He brought health to China.

And then he died.

Ja siis ta suri.

And then Deng Xiaoping came and brought money to China,

Siis tuli Deng Xiaoping, kes tõi Hiinasse raha ning viis tagasi põhivoolu.

and brought them into the mainstream again.

And we have seen how countries move in different directions like this,

Näeme, kuidas riigid liiguvad eri suundades,

so it's sort of difficult to get an example country

seega on raske tuua välja üks riik,

which shows the pattern of the world.

mille areng peegeldab üldist globaalset trendi.

But I would like to bring you back to about here, at 1960.

Siiski tooksin teid tagasi kuskile siia, aastasse 1960.

I would like to compare South Korea, which is this one,

Tahaksin võrrelda

Lõuna-Koread, mis on siin,

with Brazil, which is this one.

Brasiiliaga, mis on see siin.

Silt kadus mul nüüd ära.

The label went away for me here.

And I would like to compare Uganda, which is there.

Ja tahaksin võrrelda Ugandat, mis on seal.

I can run it forward, like this.

Kerin seda nüüd edasi, niimoodi.

And you can see how South Korea is making a very, very fast advancement,

Siin on näha, kuidas Lõuna-Korea

teeb väga kiire arenguhüppe

whereas Brazil is much slower.

samas kui Brasiilia on palju aeglasem.

And if we move back again, here, and we put trails on them, like this,

Ja kui liikuda nüüd tagasi

ja panna neile saba taha,

you can see again

siin on uuesti näha,

that the speed of development is very, very different,

et arengu kiirus on väga erinev

and the countries are moving more or less at the same rate

ja riigid liiguvad üsna samas tempos

nii rikkuse kui tervisenäitajate osas,

as money and health,

but it seems you can move much faster

aga näib, et edasiminek on palju kiirem,

if you are healthy first than if you are wealthy first.

kui oled esmalt terve, mitte esmalt rikas.

And to show that, you can put on the way of United Arab Emirates.

Selle heaks näiteks on Araabia Ühendemiraatidid.

They came from here, a mineral country.

Nad alustasid siit, maavarade riik.

They cached all the oil; they got all the money;

Neil oli palju naftat ja palju raha,

but health cannot be bought at the supermarket.

aga tervist supermarketist osta ei saa.

You have to invest in health. You have to get kids into schooling.

Tervishoidu tuleb investeerida.

Lapsed tuleb kooli saata.

You have to train health staff. You have to educate the population.

Tervishoiutöötajaid tuleb koolitada.

Rahvast tuleb harida.

And Sheikh Zayed did that in a fairly good way.

Šeik Zayed tegi seda päris hästi.

In spite of falling oil prices, he brought this country up here.

Kuigi nafta hind langes, viis ta riigi ülemiste sekka.

So we've got a much more mainstream appearance of the world,

Nii et nüüdseks on palju rohkem riike keskmike seas,

kes kõik kasutavad riigi raha paremini kui minevikus.

where all countries tend to use their money

better than they used it in the past.

Selline on pilt siis,

Now, this is, more or less, if you look at the average data of the countries --

kui vaadata riikide keskmisi näitajaid.

they are like this.

Need on sellised.

That's dangerous, to use average data,

On ohtlik tugineda keskmistele näitajatele,

because there is such a lot of difference within countries.

sest siseriiklikult on erinevused palju suuremad.

So if I go and look here,

Kui nüüd vaadata lähemalt, siis näeb,

we can see that Uganda today is where South Korea was in 1960.

et Uganda on tänasel päeval seal,

kus Lõuna-Korea oli 1960. aastal.

If I split Uganda, there's quite a difference within Uganda.

Kui jagada Uganda osadeks,

näeb suuri erinevusi Uganda sees.

These are the quintiles of Uganda.

Siin on Uganda viiendikeks jagatuna.

The richest 20 percent of Ugandans are there.

Kõige rikkamad 20% on seal.

The poorest are down there.

Kõige vaesemad on siin all.

If I split South Africa, it's like this.

Lõuna-Aafrika on osade kaupa selline,

kui minna alla ja vaadata Nigerit,

And if I go down and look at Niger,

where there was such a terrible famine [recently],

kus oli kohutav näljahäda hiljuti,

it's like this.

on jaotus selline:

The 20 percent poorest of Niger is out here,

20% Nigeeria kõige vaesematest on all,

and the 20 percent richest of South Africa is there,

20% kõige rikkamatest Lõuna-Aafrikas on seal üleval

and yet we tend to discuss what solutions there should be in Africa.

ja ikka arutatakse, et mida peaks Aafrikas ette võtma.

Everything in this world exists in Africa.

Aafrikas on kõike, mis mujalgi maailmas.

And you can't discuss universal access to HIV [treatment]

Pole vajai rääkida universaalsest HIV-ravi kättesaadavusest

for that quintile up here

sellele kvintiilile seal üleval samal viisil nagu neile siin all.

with the same strategy as down here.

The improvement of the world must be highly contextualized,

Maailma parandamisel tuleb kindlasti arvestada kohalikku konteksti,

and it's not relevant to have it on a regional level.

ei saa võtta kogu mandrit ühe piirkonnana,

We must be much more detailed.

tuleb arvestada kohalikke detaile.

Tudengid paistsid olevat nende andmete kasutamisest.

We find that students get very excited when they can use this.

And even more, policy makers and the corporate sectors

Ka poliitikud ja ettevõtjad tahaksid olla kursis, kuidas maailm muutub.

would like to see how the world is changing.

Now, why doesn't this take place?

Miks siis seda ei tehta?

Why are we not using the data we have?

Miks me ei kasuta olemasolevaid andmeid?

We have data in the United Nations, in the national statistical agencies

Need andmed on olemas ÜROs, riikide statistikaametites,

and in universities and other nongovernmental organizations.

ülikoolides ja MTÜdes.

Because the data is hidden down in the databases.

Aga andmed on peidetud andmebaasidesse.

And the public is there, and the internet is there,

On olemas inimesed ja internet,

but we have still not used it effectively.

aga neid pole ikka veel efektiivselt kasutatud.

All that information we saw changing in the world

Kõik see info muutuste kohta maailmas,

ei sisalda riigieelarvest rahastatud statistikat.

does not include publicly funded statistics.

On olemas mõned sellised veebilehed,

There are some web pages like this, you know,

but they take some nourishment down from the databases,

mis põhinevad andmebaasides oleval infol,

but people put prices on them, stupid passwords and boring statistics.

aga selle eest küsitakse kohe raha,

pannakse peale mingi salasõna,

näidatakse igavat statistikat.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

And this won't work.

Ja nii see ei toimi.

(Applause)

(Aplaus)

So what is needed? We have the databases.

Mida siis teha?

Andmebaasid on olemas.

It's not a new database that you need.

Uusi andmebaase pole vaja.

We have wonderful design tools and more and more are added up here.

On olemas suurepärased kujundusprogrammid

neid tuleb pidevalt juurde.

So we started a nonprofit venture linking data to design,

Tegime MTÜ,

mille eesmärgiks on ühendada andmed ja graafiline disain,

we called "Gapminder,"

selle nimeks sai Gapminder,

from the London Underground, where they warn you, "Mind the gap."

nagu Londoni metroos, kus hoiatatakse rongi minnes „Märka vahet!“

Seega tundus Gapminder hästi klappivat.

So we thought Gapminder was appropriate.

Hakkasime looma tarkvara, mille abil andmeid koondada.

And we started to write software which could link the data like this.

And it wasn't that difficult.

Ja see ei olnudki nii raske, võttis mõned inimaastad.

It took some person years, and we have produced animations.

Oleme teinud animatsioone.

You can take a data set and put it there.

Võite võtta baasandmed ja panna sinna.

We are liberating UN data, some few UN organization.

Teeme kättesaadavaks ÜRO andmeid.

Mõned ÜRO allorganisatsioonid

Some countries accept that their databases can go out on the world.

ja mõned riigid lubavad oma andmeid laiemalt avaldada.

But what we really need is, of course, a search function,

Aga mida oleks tegelikult vaja, on otsingu funktsioon.

a search function where we can copy the data up to a searchable format

Otsinguprogramm, kus saaks andmed kopeerida otsitavasse formaati

and get it out in the world.

ja teha nähtavaks kogu maailmale.

And what do we hear when we go around?

Ja mida siis vastuseks kuuleme?

Olen koostanud antropoloogia peamiste statistikakogujate kohta.

I've done anthropology on the main statistical units.

Everyone says, "It's impossible. This can't be done.

Kõik ütlevad: „See on võimatu!

Seda ei saa teha!

Our information is so peculiar in detail,

Meie informatsioon on niivõrd eriline,

so that cannot be searched as others can be searched.

et seda ei saagi otsingusse panna, samas kui muud saab.

We cannot give the data free to the students,

Me ei saa ju andmeid tasuta jagada

tudengitele ja kogu maailma ärimeestele.

free to the entrepreneurs of the world."

Aga seda just olekski vaja!

But this is what we would like to see, isn't it?

The publicly funded data is down here.

Riigi rahadega kogutud andmed on pinnaseks,

And we would like flowers to grow out on the net.

kust võiks kasvada välja uhkeid õisi.

One of the crucial points is to make them searchable,

On oluline, et neid saaks otsinguga leida

and then people can use the different design tools to animate it there.

ja erinevate disainivahenditega graafiliselt esitada.

Ja mul on teile häid uudised.

And I have pretty good news for you.

I have good news that the [current],

Saan öelda, et ÜRO uus statistikadirektor ei ütlegi, et see on võimatu.

new head of UN statistics doesn't say it's impossible.

He only says, "We can't do it."

Ta lihtsalt ütleb: „Me ei saa seda teha.“

(Laughter)

(Naer)

And that's a quite clever guy, huh?

Ja ta on ju päris tark mees, eks?

(Laughter)

Järgnevatel aastatel on andmete vallas oodata nii mõndagi.

So we can see a lot happening in data in the coming years.

We will be able to look at income distributions in completely new ways.

Saab võimalikuks vaadata sissetulekute jaotust täiesti uutmoodi.

This is the income distribution of China, 1970.

See on Hiina sissetulekute jaotus 1970. aastal.

See on sissetulekute jaotus Ameerika Ühendriikides 1970. aastal.

This is the income distribution of the United States, 1970.

Almost no overlap.

Kattuvust praktiliselt ei ole.

Almost no overlap.

Ja mis on juhtunud?

And what has happened?

What has happened is this:

Juhtunud on see, et Hiina muudkui kasvab,

that China is growing, it's not so equal any longer,

enam ei ole kõik võrdsed,

and it's appearing here, overlooking the United States,

aina vajub laiemaks USA poole,

almost like a ghost, isn't it?

peaaegu nagu tont, kas pole?

(Laughter)

Päris hirmutav, eks?

It's pretty scary.

(Laughter)

(Naer)

But I think it's very important to have all this information.

Ma arvan, et kogu see info on oluline.

We need really to see it.

Me peame seda nägema.

And instead of looking at this,

Ja selle asemel, et seda lihtsalt vaadata,

I would like to end up by showing the internet users per 1,000.

tahaksin lõpetuseks näidata

internetikasutajate arvu 1000 elaniku kohta.

In this software, we access about 500 variables

Selle tarkvara abil saab ligi umbes 500 näitajale kõikides riikides.

from all the countries quite easily.

Võtab natuke aega, et pilti muuta,

It takes some time to change for this,

but on the axes, you can quite easily get any variable you would like to have.

aga graafikusse saab hõlpsalt panna mis iganes näitajaid, mille vastu huvi on.

Eesmärk olekski need andmebaasid tasuta üles saada ja otsitavaks teha,

And the thing would be to get up the databases free,

to get them searchable, and with a second click,

ja teise klikiga panna nad graafikusse, et neid oleks lihtne mõista.

to get them into the graphic formats, where you can instantly understand them.

Now, statisticians don't like it, because they say

Statistikutele see ei meeldi,

sest nende arvates ei peegelda see tingimata reaalsust

that this will not show the reality;

we have to have statistical, analytical methods.

Tuleks kasutada statistika analüütilisi meetodeid.

Aga see on pigem hüpoteeside genereerimine.

But this is hypothesis-generating.

Lõpetan nüüd maailmaga...

I end now with the world.

Ja sealt tulebki internet!

There, the internet is coming.

The number of internet users are going up like this.

Internetikasutajate arv muudkui kasvab.

This is the GDP per capita.

See on SKT inimese kohta.

And it's a new technology coming in, but then amazingly,

Ja see on uus tehnoloogia,

kui imeliselt hästi läheb see samas joones riikide majandusega!

how well it fits to the economy of the countries.

That's why the $100 computer will be so important.

Sellepärast on 100-dollarine arvuti nii oluline.

But it's a nice tendency.

See on kena tendents.

It's as if the world is flattening off, isn't it?

Tundub justkui maailm tasanduks, kas pole?

These countries are lifting more than the economy,

Need riigid tõusevad rohkem kui lihtsalt majandus

and it will be very interesting to follow this over the year,

ja seda oleks ajateljel põnev jälgida,

as I would like you to be able to do with all the publicly funded data.

nagu soovin, et ka teie saaksite teha

kõigi riigi raha eest kogutud andmetega.

Thank you very much.

Tänan teid!

(Applause)