Hans Rosling: Debunking third-world myths with the best stats you've ever seen

2,157,793 views ใƒป 2007-01-14

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์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ฒ€ํ† : John Lynch
00:25
About 10 years ago, I took on the task to teach global development
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ํ•œ 10๋…„์ฏค ์ „, ์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ํ•™๋ถ€ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ตญ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š”
์ž„๋ฌด๋ฅผ ์ˆ˜ํ–‰ํ•œ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ธฐ์•„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๋Š”
00:30
to Swedish undergraduate students.
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00:32
That was after having spent about 20 years,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ธฐ๊ด€๋“ค๊ณผ ์•ฝ 20๋…„์„ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ณด๋‚ธ ํ›„์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:35
together with African institutions,
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00:36
studying hunger in Africa.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ข€ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ธฐ๋Œ€๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
00:38
So I was sort of expected to know a little about the world.
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์ €๋Š” ์นด๋กœ๋ฆฐ์Šค์นด ์˜ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์˜๋Œ€์—์„œ
00:42
And I started, in our medical university, Karolinska Institute,
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00:46
an undergraduate course called Global Health.
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๊ตญ์ œ ๋ณด๊ฑด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ํ•™๋ถ€ ๊ณผ๋ชฉ์„ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
00:49
But when you get that opportunity, you get a little nervous.
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๊ทธ ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์–ป๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ž, ์ข€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ๋“ค์œผ๋Ÿฌ ์˜ค๋Š”
00:52
I thought, these students coming to us actually have the highest grade
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์ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์Šค์›จ๋ด ๋Œ€ํ•™ ์ œ๋„์—์„œ ๋ฐ›์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๊ณ  ํ•™์ ์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
00:55
you can get in the Swedish college system,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ๊ณ , ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์„
00:57
so I thought, maybe they know everything I'm going to teach them about.
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์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์˜ค์ž ์‚ฌ์ „ ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋ณด์•˜์ง€์š”.
01:01
So I did a pretest when they came.
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01:03
And one of the questions from which I learned a lot was this one:
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐฐ์› ๋˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋“ค ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
"Which country has the highest child mortality of these five pairs?"
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์Œ ์ค‘ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š”?
๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์Œ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์„ ์งœ๋งž์ถฐ์„œ, ๊ฐ ์Œ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค
01:11
And I put them together so that in each pair of countries,
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01:14
one has twice the child mortality of the other.
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ํ•œ ์ชฝ ๋‚˜๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์˜ ๋‘ ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋„๋ก ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:18
And this means that it's much bigger, the difference,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ํฌ๋„๋ก ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
than the uncertainty of the data.
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01:24
I won't put you at a test here, but it's Turkey,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ ์ด ์‹œํ—˜์„ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ ์ค‘
01:26
which is highest there, Poland, Russia, Pakistan and South Africa.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋†’์€ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ํ„ฐํ‚ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์Šค์›จ๋ด ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์˜
01:31
And these were the results of the Swedish students.
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๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ํด๋ž€๋“œ, ๋Ÿฌ์‹œ์•„, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„, ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์„œ
01:33
I did it so I got the confidence interval, which is pretty narrow.
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์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์Šค๋กœ ์–ป์–ด์ง„ ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ €๋Š” ์ž์‹ ๊ฐ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ์–ป์–ด๋ƒˆ๊ณ  ๋‹น์—ฐํžˆ ์ €๋Š” ํ–‰๋ณตํ–ˆ์ฃ .
01:36
And I got happy, of course -- a 1.8 right answer out of five possible.
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์ •๋‹ต์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ๊ฐœ ์ค‘ 1.8๊ฐœ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:40
That means there was a place for a professor of international health
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์ด ๋ง์€ ๊ตญ์ œ ๋ณด๊ฑด ๊ต์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ์ž๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
and for my course.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ ๊ฐ•์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋„์š”.
01:45
(Laughter)
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01:46
But one late night, when I was compiling the report,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด๋Š๋‚  ๋ฐค ๋Šฆ๊ฒŒ, ๋ณด๊ณ ์„œ๋ฅผ ์ข…ํ•ฉํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
01:50
I really realized my discovery.
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์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ค‘๋Œ€ํ•œ ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
I have shown that Swedish top students know, statistically,
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์Šค์›จ๋ด์˜ ์ตœ์šฐ์ˆ˜ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ํ†ต๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณผ ๋•Œ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์— ๋น„ํ•ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด
01:57
significantly less about the world than the chimpanzees.
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์•„๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ์ ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:01
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:03
Because the chimpanzee would score half right
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์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด, ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด, ํ„ฐํ‚ค์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€์—๊ฒŒ
02:06
if I gave them two bananas with Sri Lanka and Turkey.
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์ค€๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋Š” ๋ฐ˜์€ ๋งž์ถœ ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:09
They would be right half of the cases. But the students are not there.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ง€์š”. ์ œ๊ฒŒ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฌด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:12
The problem for me was not ignorance; it was preconceived ideas.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ํŽธ๊ฒฌ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:16
I did also an unethical study
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์ €๋Š” ์นด๋กœ๋ฆฐ์Šค์นด ์˜ํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ๊ต์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ๋„ ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
02:19
of the professors of the Karolinska Institute,
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
02:22
which hands out the Nobel Prize in Medicine,
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๋…ธ๋ฒจ์˜ํ•™์ƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์—ฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„๋“ค์ธ๋ฐ,
02:24
and they are on par with the chimpanzee there.
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„๋“ค๋„ ๊ทธ ์นจํŒฌ์ง€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
(์›ƒ์Œ).
02:27
(Laughter)
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02:29
This is where I realized that there was really a need to communicate,
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์ด ๋Œ€๋ชฉ์—์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ •๋ง ์ปค๋ฎค๋‹ˆ์ผ€์ด์…˜์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊นจ๋‹ฌ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
because the data of what's happening in the world
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€
02:36
and the child health of every country
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๊ฐ ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๋ ค์ ธ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
is very well aware.
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02:39
So we did this software, which displays it like this.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋กœ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ํ‘œ์‹œ๋ฅผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์˜ ๋ฐฉ์šธ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:42
Every bubble here is a country.
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02:44
This country over here is China.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ์ค‘๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฑด ์ธ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
This is India.
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02:50
The size of the bubble is the population,
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์ด ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ธ๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ถ•์—๋Š” ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:53
and on this axis here, I put fertility rate.
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02:56
Because my students, what they said
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์ œ ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ผ๋ณด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„ ๋•Œ,
02:59
when they looked upon the world, and I asked them,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:01
"What do you really think about the world?"
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"์–˜๋“ค์•„, ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋‹ˆ?"
๊ธ€์Ž„์š”. ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜์Œ ์•Œ๊ฒŒ ๋œ ๊ฑด ๊ต๊ณผ์„œ๊ฐ€ ํ‹ดํ‹ด์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
03:04
Well, I first discovered that the textbook was Tintin, mainly.
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03:07
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
03:08
And they said, "The world is still 'we' and 'them.'
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ•˜๋”๋ผ๊ตฌ์š”. "์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ '์šฐ๋ฆฌ'์™€ '๊ทธ๋“ค'์ด์ฃ .
03:11
And 'we' is the Western world and 'them' is the Third World."
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์„œ๋ฐฉ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ด๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ œ 3์ง„๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด์ง€์š”."
์ „ "์„œ๋ฐฉ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋Š” ๋ฌด์Šจ ๋œป์ด์ง€?"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ฌผ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:15
"And what do you mean with 'Western world?'" I said.
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03:17
"Well, that's long life and small family.
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"๊ธ€์Ž„ ๋ญ. ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ๊ฑฐ์š”. ์ œ3์ง„๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ์€๊ฑฐ๊ตฌ์š”."
03:19
And 'Third World' is short life and large family."
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ถœ์‚ฐ์œจ์ด์š”. ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ž๋…€์ˆ˜,
03:23
So this is what I could display here.
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03:25
I put fertility rate here --
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03:27
number of children per woman: one, two, three, four,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜, ๋‘˜, ์…‹, ๋„ท, ์—ฌ์„ฑ๋‹น ์ตœ๊ณ  ์•ฝ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ๋ช…์˜ ์ž๋…€๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:30
up to about eight children per woman.
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03:32
We have very good data since 1962, 1960, about,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” 1962๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜, 1960๋…„๊ฒฝ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ํฌ๊ธฐ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์•„์ฃผ ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์œ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
on the size of families in all countries.
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03:38
The error margin is narrow.
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์˜ค์ฐจ ํ•œ๊ณ„๋Š” ์ข์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์ถœ์ƒ์‹œ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์„ ํ‘œ์‹œํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:39
Here, I put life expectancy at birth,
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03:41
from 30 years in some countries, up to about 70 years.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ 30์„ธ์ด๊ณ , ์ตœ๊ณ  ์•ฝ 70์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
And in 1962, there was really a group of countries here
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  1962๋…„, ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋„ ์ผ๋‹จ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
that were industrialized countries,
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์‚ฐ์—…ํ™”๋œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ธธ์—ˆ์ง€์š”.
03:50
and they had small families and long lives.
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03:53
And these were the developing countries.
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
They had large families and they had relatively short lives.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ƒ๋Œ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
Now, what has happened since 1962? We want to see the change.
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1962๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ์–ด๋–ค ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”? ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•˜์‹œ์ฃ ?
04:02
Are the students right? It's still two types of countries?
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ๋งž์„๊นŒ์š”? ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๋‘ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:05
Or have these developing countries got smaller families and they live here?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์ ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:09
Or have they got longer lives and live up there?
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์ € ์œ„์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
04:11
Let's see. We start the world, eh?
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์ž, ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋ฅผ ๋ฉˆ์ท„์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ชจ๋‘
04:13
This is all UN statistics that have been available.
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์ด์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์œ ์—” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ณด์ด์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
04:16
Here we go. Can you see there?
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04:17
It's China there, moving against better health there, improving there.
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์ €๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ค‘๊ตญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ์ข‹์•„์ง€๊ณ , ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
04:20
All the green Latin American countries are moving towards smaller families.
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์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰ ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋…ธ๋ž€์ƒ‰๋“ค์€ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
Your yellow ones here are the Arabic countries,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์  ๋” ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„๋‹ˆ, ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋Š˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๊ตฐ์š”.
04:27
and they get longer life, but not larger families.
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04:30
The Africans are the green here. They still remain here.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด ์•„๋ž˜ ์ดˆ๋ก์ƒ‰์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ง๋„ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:33
This is India; Indonesia is moving on pretty fast.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ธ๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๋„ค์‹œ์•„๋Š” ๊ฝค ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
04:36
In the '80s here, you have Bangladesh still among the African countries.
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
์—ฌ๊ธฐ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š”, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ €๊ธฐ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
But now, Bangladesh -- it's a miracle that happens in the '80s --
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด์ œ, ๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ์—๋Š” 1980๋…„๋Œ€์— ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
the imams start to promote family planning,
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์ด๋ง˜์ด ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ๊ถŒ์žฅํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:46
and they move up into that corner.
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๋ฐฉ๊ธ€๋ผ๋ฐ์‹œ๋Š” ์ € ๊ตฌ์„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1990๋…„๋Œ€์—๋Š” ๋”์ฐํ•œ HIV๊ฐ€ ์œ ํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:47
And in the '90s, we have the terrible HIV epidemic
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04:51
that takes down the life expectancy of the African countries.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์˜ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:54
And the rest of them all move up into the corner,
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๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ € ๊ตฌ์„์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:58
where we have long lives and small family,
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์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๊ธธ๊ณ  ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ์€ ๊ณณ์ด์ง€์š”. ์ด์ œ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„๋„ค์š”.
05:00
and we have a completely new world.
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05:02
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
05:13
(Applause ends)
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05:15
Let me make a comparison directly
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์„ ์ง์ ‘ ๋น„๊ตํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:17
between the United States of America and Vietnam.
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05:20
1964:
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1964๋…„: ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์€ ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:22
America had small families and long life;
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05:25
Vietnam had large families and short lives.
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์€ ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋งŽ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ์งง์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:28
And this is what happens.
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05:29
The data during the war indicate that even with all the death,
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์ „์Ÿ ์ค‘์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ชจ๋“  ์ฃฝ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ 
05:35
there was an improvement of life expectancy.
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ํ–ฅ์ƒ๋˜์—ˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๋ง๊นŒ์ง€๋Š”,
05:37
By the end of the year, family planning started in Vietnam,
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์‹œ์ž‘๋˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€์กฑ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:40
and they went for smaller families.
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05:41
And the United States up there is getting longer life,
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์ € ์œ„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ช…์ด ๋” ๊ธธ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
05:44
keeping family size.
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋„ค์š”. ์ด์ œ 1980๋…„๋Œ€์—,
05:45
And in the '80s now, they give up Communist planning
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๊ณต์‚ฐ์ฃผ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹œ์žฅ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋กœ ์ดํ–‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:49
and they go for market economy,
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05:50
and it moves faster even than social life.
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์‚ฌํšŒ ์ƒํ™œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ,
05:52
And today, we have in Vietnam
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๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ์—์„œ๋Š”, 2003๋…„ ๋ฒ ํŠธ๋‚จ๊ณผ 1974๋…„, ์ข…์ „ ๋ฌด๋ ต, ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜
05:55
the same life expectancy and the same family size
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๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ˆ˜๋ช…๊ณผ ๊ฐ€์กฑ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:00
here in Vietnam, 2003,
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06:02
as in United States, 1974, by the end of the war.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘
06:07
I think we all, if we don't look at the data,
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06:10
we underestimate the tremendous change in Asia,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๊ณผ์†Œํ‰๊ฐ€ํ•œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:14
which was in social change before we saw the economic change.
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๊ฒฝ์ œ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ณด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:18
So let's move over to another way here
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ฒจ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:21
in which we could display the distribution in the world
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์†Œ๋“์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:25
of income.
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06:26
This is the world distribution of income of people.
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์ผ๋‹น 1๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, 10๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ, ๋˜๋Š” 100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:31
One dollar, 10 dollars or 100 dollars per day.
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๋ถ€์ž์™€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์ž ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ํ™”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:36
There's no gap between rich and poor any longer. This is a myth.
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06:39
There's a little hump here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์กฐ๊ทธ๋งŒ ์–ธ๋•์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:42
But there are people all the way.
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06:43
And if we look where the income ends up,
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์†Œ๋“์ด ์–ด๋””์„œ ๋๋‚˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ์†Œ๋“์€--
06:48
this is 100 percent of the world's annual income.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์†Œ๋“ 100%์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ,
06:52
And the richest 20 percent,
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06:54
they take out of that about 74 percent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ 74ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ,
06:59
And the poorest 20 percent, they take about two percent.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์•ฝ 2ํผ์„ผํŠธ์˜ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋ผ๋Š”
07:04
And this shows that the concept of developing countries
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07:06
is extremely doubtful.
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๊ฐœ๋…์ด ๊ทนํžˆ ์˜์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„์›€์„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:08
We think about aid,
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07:10
like these people here giving aid to these people here.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋„์›€์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ . ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์ค‘๊ฐ„์—,
07:13
But in the middle, we have most of the world population,
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ด์ œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์†Œ๋“์˜ 24ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:17
and they have now 24 percent of the income.
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07:19
We heard it in other forms.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด๋ณธ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์ด ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
07:21
And who are these?
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋”” ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
07:24
Where are the different countries?
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07:26
I can show you Africa.
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07:27
This is Africa.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ 10ํผ์„ผํŠธ. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•˜์ง€์š”.
07:30
Ten percent of the world population,
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07:31
most in poverty.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด OECD์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์ž ๋‚˜๋ผ์ง€์š”. ์œ ์—”์˜ ์ปจํŠธ๋ฆฌ ํด๋Ÿฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:33
This is OECD -- the rich countries, the country club of the UN.
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07:37
And they are over here on this side. Quite an overlap between Africa and OECD.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋“ค์€ ์ด์ชฝ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ OECD๊ฐ„์— ๊ฝค ๊ฒน์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
And this is Latin America.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด ๋•…์— ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‹ค ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
07:44
It has everything on this earth, from the poorest to the richest
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊นŒ์ง€, ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
in Latin America.
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๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—๋‹ค๊ฐ€, ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:49
And on top of that, we can put East Europe,
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07:52
we can put East Asia, and we put South Asia.
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๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ฝ 1970๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ฉด,
07:55
And what did it look like if we go back in time,
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07:58
to about 1970?
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ผ๊นŒ์š”? ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ์–ธ๋•์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋„ค์š”.
08:00
Then, there was more of a hump.
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์ ˆ๋Œ€ ๋นˆ๊ณค ์†์— ์‚ด์•˜๋˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์•„์‹œ์•„์ธ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:04
And most who lived in absolute poverty were Asians.
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์›€์ง์—ฌ ๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋ฉด,
08:08
The problem in the world was the poverty in Asia.
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08:10
And if I now let the world move forward,
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08:14
you will see that while population increases,
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์ธ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์ฒœ๋งŒ๋ช…์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด
08:16
there are hundreds of millions in Asia getting out of poverty,
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๊ฐ€๋‚œ์—์„œ ๋น ์ ธ๋‚˜์˜ค๊ณ , ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฐ€๋‚œ์— ๋น ์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
08:20
and some others getting into poverty,
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๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:22
and this is the pattern we have today.
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์€ํ–‰ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:24
And the best projection from the World Bank
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08:26
is that this will happen,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถ„๋ฆฌ๋œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์— ์‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:28
and we will not have a divided world.
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08:29
We'll have most people in the middle.
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08:31
Of course it's a logarithmic scale here,
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋Œ€์ˆ˜ ๊ณ„์‚ฐ์ž๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:33
but our concept of economy is growth with percent.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐœ๋…์€ ํผ์„ผํŠธ๋กœ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:37
We look upon it as a possibility of percentile increase.
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๋ฐฑ๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด์ง€์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พผ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:42
If I change this and take GDP per capita instead of family income,
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๊ฐ€์กฑ ์†Œ๋“ ๋Œ€์‹  1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ ์†Œ๋“์„ ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
08:47
and I turn these individual data
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์ด ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๊ฐ€์ •์ƒ์‚ฐ์˜ ์ง€์—ญ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๊ณ ,
08:51
into regional data of gross domestic product,
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08:54
and I take the regions down here,
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ด ์ง€์—ญ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:56
the size of the bubble is still the population.
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08:58
And you have the OECD there, and you have sub-Saharan Africa there,
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์ €๊ธฐ OECD๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:01
and we take off the Arab states there,
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์ €๊ธฐ์„œ ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์Šนํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:04
coming both from Africa and from Asia,
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์™€ ์•„์‹œ์•„์—์„œ์š”. ๋‘ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ๋–ผ์–ด ๋†“์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
and we put them separately,
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09:08
and we can expand this axis, and I can give it a new dimension here,
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์ด ์ถ•์„ ํ™•์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ƒˆ ์ฐจ์›์„ ๋”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:13
by adding the social values there, child survival.
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์ €๊ธฐ์— ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ฐ€์น˜๋ฅผ ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ .
09:16
Now I have money on that axis,
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์ด์ œ ๊ทธ ์ถ•์— ๋ˆ์„ ๋”ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ €๊ธฐ์— ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋“ค์ด ์ƒ์กดํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:18
and I have the possibility of children to survive there.
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09:21
In some countries, 99.7% of children survive to five years of age;
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด์˜ 99.7ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์„ฏ ์‚ด๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐ–์— ์‚ด์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
others, only 70.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์—์„œ๋Š” 70์„ธ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
And here, it seems, there is a gap between OECD,
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OECD, ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด, ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ, ๋™์•„์‹œ์•„, ์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค, ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„,
09:30
Latin America, East Europe, East Asia,
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09:33
Arab states, South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.
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์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๊ฐ„์— ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:37
The linearity is very strong between child survival and money.
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์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์ƒ์กด๋ฅ ๊ณผ ๋ˆ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ง์„ ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๊ฐ•ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:42
But let me split sub-Saharan Africa.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ €์ชฝ, ๋” ๋‚˜์€ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ € ์œ„์ชฝ.
09:45
Health is there and better health is up there.
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09:50
I can go here, and I can split sub-Saharan Africa into its countries.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ, ์‚ฌํ•˜๋ผ ์ด๋‚จ ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆŒ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:55
And when it bursts,
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ํ„ฐ์งˆ ๋•Œ๋Š”, ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ธ๊ตฌ์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:56
the size of each country bubble is the size of the population.
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10:00
Sierra Leone down there, Mauritius is up there.
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์ด ์•„๋ž˜์— ์‹œ์—๋ผ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋„ค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ณ , ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค๋Š” ์ € ์œ„์ชฝ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค๋Š”
10:02
Mauritius was the first country to get away with trade barriers,
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๋ฌด์—ญ ์žฅ๋ฒฝ์„ ์ฒ ํšŒํ•œ ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋ฆฌ์…”์Šค๋Š” ์ž๊ตญ์˜ ์„คํƒ•์„ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:06
and they could sell their sugar, they could sell their textiles,
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋ถ๋ฏธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์กฐ๊ฑด์œผ๋กœ ์ง๋ฌผ์„ ํŒ” ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:10
on equal terms as the people in Europe and North America.
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10:13
There's a huge difference [within] Africa.
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์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€๋‚˜๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:15
And Ghana is here in the middle.
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10:17
In Sierra Leone, humanitarian aid.
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์‹œ์—๋ผ ๋ ˆ์˜ค๋„ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ๋ฐ•์• ์ฃผ์˜์ ์ธ ๋„์›€์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:20
Here in Uganda, development aid.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์—์„œ๋Š”, ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ์ง€์›์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ, ํˆฌ์žํ•  ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด๊ตฐ์š”, ์ €๊ธฐ,
10:23
Here, time to invest; there, you can go for a holiday.
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ํœด๊ฐ€ ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ๊ฐ€์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด ๋‚ด์—์„œ๋Š”
10:27
There's tremendous variation within Africa,
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๋ณดํ†ต ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„์˜ ์—„์ฒญ๋‚œ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ํ‰๋“ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:29
which we very often make that it's equal everything.
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10:33
I can split South Asia here. India's the big bubble in the middle.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ ๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๋„๋Š” ์ค‘๊ฐ„์˜ ํฐ ๋ฐฉ์šธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:37
But there's a huge difference between Afghanistan and Sri Lanka.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์•„ํ”„๊ฐ€๋‹ˆ์Šคํƒ„๊ณผ ์Šค๋ฆฌ๋ž‘์นด ์‚ฌ์ด์—๋Š” ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒฉ์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
10:41
I can split Arab states. How are they?
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์•„๋ž ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์„ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋“ค์€ ์–ด๋–ค๊ฐ€์š”? ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ธฐํ›„, ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฌธํ™”,
10:43
Same climate, same culture, same religion -- huge difference.
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๊ฐ™์€ ์ข…๊ต. ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ด์›ƒ๋“ค ๊ฐ„์—์กฐ์ฐจ๋„.
10:48
Even between neighbors --
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10:49
Yemen, civil war;
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์˜ˆ๋ฉ˜, ์‹œ๋ฏผ์ „์Ÿ. ์•„๋ž์—๋ฏธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ, ๋ˆ์ด ๊ท ๋“ฑํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:50
United Arab Emirates, money, which was quite equally and well-used.
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10:54
Not as the myth is.
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์‹ ํ™” ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š๋„ค์š”. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋‚˜๋ผ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ž๋…€๋„ ํฌํ•จ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:56
And that includes all the children of the foreign workers
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11:00
who are in the country.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ๋„ ์ž์ฃผ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŽ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋‚˜์˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:02
Data is often better than you think. Many people say data is bad.
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11:06
There is an uncertainty margin, but we can see the difference here:
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๋ถˆํ™•์‹ค์„ฑ์˜ ์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ์ด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์บ„๋ณด๋””์•„, ์‹ฑ๊ฐ€ํฌ๋ฅด. ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์˜ ์•ฝํ•จ๋ณด๋‹ค
11:09
Cambodia, Singapore.
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11:10
The differences are much bigger than the weakness of the data.
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์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ํฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋™์œ ๋Ÿฝ.
11:13
East Europe: Soviet economy for a long time,
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์˜ค๋žซ๋™์•ˆ ์†Œ๋น„์—ํŠธ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์˜€์ง€๋งŒ ์‹ญ๋…„ ํ›„์— ๋‚˜์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:18
but they come out after 10 years very, very differently.
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์•„์ฃผ, ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
And there is Latin America.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ผํ‹ด ์•„๋ฉ”๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์•„ ์ฟ ๋ฐ”์— ๊ฐˆ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:24
Today, we don't have to go to Cuba
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11:25
to find a healthy country in Latin America.
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11:27
Chile will have a lower child mortality than Cuba within some few years from now.
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์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์น ๋ ˆ๋Š” ์ฟ ๋ฐ”๋ณด๋‹ค ์–ด๋ฆฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ง๋ฅ ์ด ๋” ๋‚ฎ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:32
Here, we have high-income countries in the OECD.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—๋Š” OECD์˜ ๊ณ ์†Œ๋“ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€๋“ค์ด ์žˆ๋„ค์š”.
11:35
And we get the whole pattern here of the world,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์ „์ฒด ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:39
which is more or less like this.
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๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
11:41
And if we look at it, how the world looks,
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณด์ด๋‚˜ ๋ณด์„ธ์š”. 1960๋…„์˜ ์„ธ๊ณ„. ์›€์ง์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 1960๋…„.
11:46
in 1960, it starts to move.
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11:50
This is Mao Zedong. He brought health to China.
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์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ๋งˆ์˜ค์ฉŒ๋‘ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋– ๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:52
And then he died.
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11:53
And then Deng Xiaoping came and brought money to China,
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๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋ฉ์ƒค์˜คํ•‘์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜ ์ค‘๊ตญ์— ๋ˆ์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๋‹ค ์ฃผ์—ˆ์ง€์š”. ๋‹ค์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜๋กœ ๋Œ๋ ค ๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:56
and brought them into the mainstream again.
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11:58
And we have seen how countries move in different directions like this,
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์ด๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
so it's sort of difficult to get an example country
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํŒจํ„ด์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋Š” ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ
์ฐพ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์กฐ๊ธˆ ํž˜๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
which shows the pattern of the world.
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12:10
But I would like to bring you back to about here, at 1960.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 1960๋…„์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ๋‹ค.
ํ•œ๊ตญ, ์ด๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค, ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผ ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์„ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:18
I would like to compare South Korea, which is this one,
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12:25
with Brazil, which is this one.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ์ €์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ผ๋ฒจ์ด ์‚ฌ๋ผ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:29
The label went away for me here.
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12:30
And I would like to compare Uganda, which is there.
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์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋น„๊ตํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:34
I can run it forward, like this.
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ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด ์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์ „์ง„ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”.
12:39
And you can see how South Korea is making a very, very fast advancement,
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12:46
whereas Brazil is much slower.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด ๋ธŒ๋ผ์งˆ์€ ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋Š๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:49
And if we move back again, here, and we put trails on them, like this,
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๋‹ค์‹œ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ”์ ์„ ๋‚จ๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:55
you can see again
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๋‹ค์‹œ ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ ๊ทธ ๋ฐœ์ „์˜ ์†๋„๊ฐ€
12:57
that the speed of development is very, very different,
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์•„์ฃผ ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฅด๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€์š”. ๋Œ€์ฒด๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€
13:01
and the countries are moving more or less at the same rate
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๋ˆ๊ณผ ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„์œจ๋กœ ์›€์ง์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ,
13:07
as money and health,
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13:08
but it seems you can move much faster
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๋จผ์ € ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ๋ณด๋‹ค ๋จผ์ € ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•˜๋ฉด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:10
if you are healthy first than if you are wealthy first.
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13:14
And to show that, you can put on the way of United Arab Emirates.
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋ ค๋ฉด, ์•„๋ž์—๋ฏธ๋ ˆ์ดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:18
They came from here, a mineral country.
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ์„œ ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ฃ . ๊ด‘๋ฌผ ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์ง€์š”. ์„์œ ๋„ ์ž”๋œฉ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
13:20
They cached all the oil; they got all the money;
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๋ˆ๋„ ์ž”๋œฉ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ฑด๊ฐ•์€ ์ˆ˜ํผ๋งˆ์ผ“์—์„œ ์‚ด ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ์ง€์š”.
13:23
but health cannot be bought at the supermarket.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—๋Š” ํˆฌ์ž๋ฅผ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•™๊ต ๊ณต๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•˜์ง€์š”.
13:26
You have to invest in health. You have to get kids into schooling.
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13:29
You have to train health staff. You have to educate the population.
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๊ฑด๊ฐ• ๋‹ด๋‹น ์ง์›์„ ํ›ˆ๋ จ์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต์œก์‹œ์ผœ์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:32
And Sheikh Zayed did that in a fairly good way.
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์‹œํฌ ์‚ฌ์˜ˆ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฝค ํ›Œ๋ฅญํ•œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:35
In spite of falling oil prices, he brought this country up here.
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์„์œ  ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ๋–จ์–ด์กŒ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋ผ๋ฅผ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ๊นŒ์ง€ ์˜ฌ๋ ค๋†“์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:39
So we've got a much more mainstream appearance of the world,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜์Šค๋Ÿฌ์šด ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๋ชจ์Šต์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:43
where all countries tend to use their money
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ์ž˜
13:45
better than they used it in the past.
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ํ™œ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:49
Now, this is, more or less, if you look at the average data of the countries --
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
13:56
they are like this.
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13:57
That's dangerous, to use average data,
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์ด์ œ ํ‰๊ท  ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์™œ๋ƒํ•˜๋ฉด,
14:00
because there is such a lot of difference within countries.
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๋‚˜๋ผ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‚ด๋ถ€์ ์œผ๋กœ ํฐ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด,
14:04
So if I go and look here,
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14:07
we can see that Uganda today is where South Korea was in 1960.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ์˜ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•œ๊ตญ์ด 1960๋…„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:13
If I split Uganda, there's quite a difference within Uganda.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด, ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค ๋‚ด์—๋„ ๊ฝค ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค์˜ 5๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:17
These are the quintiles of Uganda.
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14:19
The richest 20 percent of Ugandans are there.
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์šฐ๊ฐ„๋‹ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:21
The poorest are down there.
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๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ € ์•„๋ž˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด๋ฅผ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„๋ฉด, ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:23
If I split South Africa, it's like this.
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14:26
And if I go down and look at Niger,
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๋‹ˆ์ œ๋ฅด๋กœ ๋‚ด๋ ค๊ฐ€์„œ ๋ณด๋ฉด, ๋”์ฐํ•œ ๊ธฐ๊ทผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
14:29
where there was such a terrible famine [recently],
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ, ์ด๋ ‡์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ˆ์ œ๋ฅด์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:32
it's like this.
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14:33
The 20 percent poorest of Niger is out here,
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14:36
and the 20 percent richest of South Africa is there,
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๋‚จ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ 20ํผ์„ผํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์ €๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:39
and yet we tend to discuss what solutions there should be in Africa.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์—์„œ ์–ด๋–ค ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์ด ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š”์ง€๋ฅผ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•˜๊ณค ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:44
Everything in this world exists in Africa.
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์ด ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํ”„๋ฆฌ์นด์— ์กด์žฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ 
14:46
And you can't discuss universal access to HIV [treatment]
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์—ฌ๊ธฐ 4๋ถ„์œ„์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ € ์•„๋ž˜์—์„œ์™€ ๋˜‘๊ฐ™์€ ์ „๋žต์œผ๋กœ
14:49
for that quintile up here
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14:51
with the same strategy as down here.
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HIV ์•ฝํ’ˆ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ณดํŽธ์ ์ธ ์ ‘๊ทผ์„ ๋…ผ์˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
14:54
The improvement of the world must be highly contextualized,
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์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ํ–ฅ์ƒ์€ ๊ทนํžˆ ๋ฌธ๋งฅํ™”๋˜์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€์—ญ ์ˆ˜์ค€์—์„œ
14:58
and it's not relevant to have it on a regional level.
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๋ณด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ด์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:01
We must be much more detailed.
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์ด ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด์„œ ์•„์ฃผ ํฅ๋ถ„ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:04
We find that students get very excited when they can use this.
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15:07
And even more, policy makers and the corporate sectors
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ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ์ •์ฑ… ์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—… ๋ถ€๋ฌธ์—์„œ
15:11
would like to see how the world is changing.
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์ œ ์™œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์ƒ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:14
Now, why doesn't this take place?
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15:16
Why are we not using the data we have?
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์™œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
15:18
We have data in the United Nations, in the national statistical agencies
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์—”๊ณผ ๊ตญ๋ฆฝ ํ†ต๊ณ„ ๋Œ€ํ–‰์‚ฌ, ๋Œ€ํ•™, ๊ทธ ๋ฐ–์— ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋น„์ •๋ถ€ ์กฐ์ง๋“ค์˜
15:22
and in universities and other nongovernmental organizations.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:26
Because the data is hidden down in the databases.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ์•„๋ž˜์— ์ˆจ์–ด ์žˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
15:28
And the public is there, and the internet is there,
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์ผ๋ฐ˜ ๋Œ€์ค‘๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ๊ณ , ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท๋„ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์•„์ง ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:31
but we have still not used it effectively.
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15:33
All that information we saw changing in the world
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋ณธ ๋ณ€ํ™”ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋Š”
15:36
does not include publicly funded statistics.
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๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์ง€์›๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
15:39
There are some web pages like this, you know,
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์›นํŽ˜์ด์ง€๊ฐ€ ์•ฝ๊ฐ„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์„ ๊ธ์–ด ์˜์–‘๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์ข€ ์ทจํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
15:41
but they take some nourishment down from the databases,
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15:46
but people put prices on them, stupid passwords and boring statistics.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—, ๋ฐ”๋ณด๊ฐ™์€ ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ฒˆํ˜ธ์—, ์ง€๋ฃจํ•œ ํ†ต๊ณ„์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์„ ๋งค๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:51
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ).(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜).
15:52
And this won't work.
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15:53
(Applause)
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
15:56
So what is needed? We have the databases.
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15:58
It's not a new database that you need.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ƒˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:00
We have wonderful design tools and more and more are added up here.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์— ์ ์  ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์ด ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
16:04
So we started a nonprofit venture linking data to design,
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๋””์ž์ธ์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•ด์ฃผ๋Š”, ๊ฐญ๋งˆ์ด๋„ˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š”
16:10
we called "Gapminder,"
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๋น„์˜๋ฆฌ ๋ฒค์ฒ˜๊ธฐ์—…์„ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
16:11
from the London Underground, where they warn you, "Mind the gap."
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๋Ÿฐ๋˜ ์ง€ํ•˜์ฒ ์—์„œ๋Š” "๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ์ด ๋–จ์–ด์ ธ ์žˆ์œผ๋‹ˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”."๋ผ๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:15
So we thought Gapminder was appropriate.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ๊ฐญ๋งˆ์ธ๋”๊ฐ€ ์ ๋‹นํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
16:17
And we started to write software which could link the data like this.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ด๋ ต์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์–ด์š”.
16:21
And it wasn't that difficult.
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16:22
It took some person years, and we have produced animations.
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16:26
You can take a data set and put it there.
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๋ช‡ ์ธ-๋…„์ด ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๊ณ , ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ์ œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:28
We are liberating UN data, some few UN organization.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์œ ์—” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ๋ช‡๋ช‡ ์œ ์—” ์กฐ์ง์„ ํ•ด๋ฐฉ์‹œํ‚ค๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:33
Some countries accept that their databases can go out on the world.
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์–ด๋–ค ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ—ˆ๋ฝํ•ด์ฃผ์ง€๋งŒ,
16:37
But what we really need is, of course, a search function,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ •๋ง๋กœ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€, ๋ฌผ๋ก , ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
16:40
a search function where we can copy the data up to a searchable format
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์‚ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„
16:45
and get it out in the world.
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์„ธ์ƒ์— ๋‚ด๋ณด๋‚ด๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„๋‹ค๋‹ ๋•Œ ๋ฌด์Šจ ์–˜๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์„๊นŒ์š”?
16:46
And what do we hear when we go around?
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์ €๋Š” ์ฃผ ํ†ต๊ณ„๋ถ€์„œ์—์„œ ์ธ๋ฅ˜ํ•™์„ ๋‹ค๋ฃฌ ์ ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋‚˜ ๋งํ•˜์ง€์š”.
16:49
I've done anthropology on the main statistical units.
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16:52
Everyone says, "It's impossible. This can't be done.
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"๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์š”. ์ด๊ฑด ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•ด์š”. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ •๋ณด๋Š” ์„ธ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด
16:55
Our information is so peculiar in detail,
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16:57
so that cannot be searched as others can be searched.
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ํŠน์ดํ•ด์„œ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰๋  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:00
We cannot give the data free to the students,
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ํ•™์ƒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ, ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์—†์–ด์š”."
17:03
free to the entrepreneurs of the world."
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ณด๊ณ  ์‹ถ์–ดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์ง€์š”, ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
17:06
But this is what we would like to see, isn't it?
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๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:09
The publicly funded data is down here.
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17:11
And we would like flowers to grow out on the net.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋„คํŠธ์—์„œ ๊ฝƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ž๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:14
One of the crucial points is to make them searchable,
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ํ•ต์‹ฌ์ ์ธ ํฌ์ธํŠธ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฒ€์ƒ‰ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
17:17
and then people can use the different design tools to animate it there.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋””์ž์ธ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์„œ ์• ๋‹ˆ๋ฉ”์ด์…˜์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜ ๊ฝค ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ˜„ ์‹ ์ž„ ์œ ์—” ํ†ต๊ณ„์ฒญ์žฅ์€
17:22
And I have pretty good news for you.
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17:24
I have good news that the [current],
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17:26
new head of UN statistics doesn't say it's impossible.
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ์ข‹์€ ์†Œ์‹์„ ์•Œ๋ ค๋“œ๋ฆฝ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:30
He only says, "We can't do it."
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๋‹ค๋งŒ, "์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."๋ผ๊ณ ๋งŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์ง€์š”.
17:32
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ).
17:36
And that's a quite clever guy, huh?
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์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์‹  ๋ถ„์ด์ฃ ?
17:38
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
17:40
So we can see a lot happening in data in the coming years.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๋ช‡ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ์ผ๋“ค์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:44
We will be able to look at income distributions in completely new ways.
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์™„์ „ํžˆ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์œผ๋กœ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:48
This is the income distribution of China, 1970.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ 1970๋…„ ์ค‘๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:54
This is the income distribution of the United States, 1970.
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1970๋…„ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์†Œ๋“ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
17:58
Almost no overlap.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ๊ฒน์น˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ฌด์Šจ ์ผ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„๊นŒ์š”?
18:00
Almost no overlap.
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18:02
And what has happened?
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18:03
What has happened is this:
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ผ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ค‘๊ตญ์€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋” ์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ
18:05
that China is growing, it's not so equal any longer,
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18:08
and it's appearing here, overlooking the United States,
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ํ‰๋“ฑํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ๋ฏธ๊ตญ์„ ํž๋— ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:12
almost like a ghost, isn't it?
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๊ฑฐ์˜ ์œ ๋ น ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€์š”?
18:14
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
18:16
It's pretty scary.
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๊ฝค ์„ฌ์ฐŸํ•œ ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ชจ๋“  ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ƒ๋‹นํžˆ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:17
(Laughter)
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18:22
But I think it's very important to have all this information.
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18:26
We need really to see it.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ง๋กœ ์ด ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด๋Š” ๋Œ€์‹ ,
18:29
And instead of looking at this,
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18:32
I would like to end up by showing the internet users per 1,000.
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1:00๋ช…๋‹น ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ๋“œ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:37
In this software, we access about 500 variables
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์ด ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์›จ์–ด์—์„œ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ชจ๋“  ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ์˜ ์•ฝ 500๊ฐœ์˜ ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“ค์— ๊ฝค ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ ‘์†ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
18:40
from all the countries quite easily.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋Š”๋ฐ๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ข€ ๊ฑธ๋ฆฌ์ง€๋งŒ
18:43
It takes some time to change for this,
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18:46
but on the axes, you can quite easily get any variable you would like to have.
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์ถ• ์œ„์—์„œ, ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์–ด๋–ค ๋ณ€์ˆ˜๋“  ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋ฒ ์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ์ด๊ณ ,
18:52
And the thing would be to get up the databases free,
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18:56
to get them searchable, and with a second click,
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๊ฒ€์ƒ‰์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๊ณ , ๋‘๋ฒˆ์งธ ํด๋ฆญ์œผ๋กœ, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ
18:59
to get them into the graphic formats, where you can instantly understand them.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜ํ”ฝ ํ˜•์‹์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฎ๊ธธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์–ด, ์ฆ‰์‹œ ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ์ดํ•ดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:04
Now, statisticians don't like it, because they say
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์ง€๊ธˆ, ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ํ˜„์‹ค์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”๋‹ค๊ณ 
19:07
that this will not show the reality;
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๋งํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ํ†ต๊ณ„ํ•™์ , ๋ถ„์„ํ•™์  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ๊ฐ–๊ณ  ์žˆ์–ด์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:14
we have to have statistical, analytical methods.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ฐ€์„ค์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•ด ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:17
But this is hypothesis-generating.
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19:19
I end now with the world.
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์ด์ œ ์„ธ๊ณ„๋กœ ๋๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์—์„œ, ์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท์ด ๋“ค์–ด์˜ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:22
There, the internet is coming.
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19:23
The number of internet users are going up like this.
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์ธํ„ฐ๋„ท ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ž๋“ค์˜ ์ˆ˜๋Š” ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด 1์ธ๋‹น ๊ตญ๋ฏผ์†Œ๋“์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:26
This is the GDP per capita.
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์‹ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ๋„์ž…๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ์—๋Š” ๋†€๋ž๊ฒŒ๋„,
19:28
And it's a new technology coming in, but then amazingly,
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19:31
how well it fits to the economy of the countries.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์˜ ๊ฒฝ์ œ์— ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ž˜ ๋“ค์–ด๋งž๋Š”์ง€์š”. ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฐ”๋กœ
19:35
That's why the $100 computer will be so important.
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100๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์งœ๋ฆฌ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ด์œ ๊ฐ€ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ข‹์€ ๊ฒฝํ–ฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:38
But it's a nice tendency.
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19:40
It's as if the world is flattening off, isn't it?
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์„ธ๊ณ„๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฝ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ ์  ์™„๋งŒํ•ด์ ธ์„œ ํ‰ํ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
19:42
These countries are lifting more than the economy,
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์ด ๋‚˜๋ผ๋“ค์€ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๋ณด๋‹ค ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋” ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ , ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ๊ณ„์† ์ถ”์ ํ•ด ๋ณด๋ฉด
19:45
and it will be very interesting to follow this over the year,
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์•„์ฃผ ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๊ณต์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์˜ ์ง€์›์„ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
19:48
as I would like you to be able to do with all the publicly funded data.
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๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ•˜์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋Œ€๋‹จํžˆ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
19:52
Thank you very much.
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19:53
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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