A robot that flies like a bird | Markus Fischer

翻译人员: Chunxiang Qian 校对人员: Angelia King

It is a dream of mankind to fly like a bird.

像鸟儿一样飞翔

是人类的一个梦想。

Birds are very agile.

鸟儿敏捷灵活。

They fly, not with rotating components,

它们不需借助旋转构件即可飞翔，

so they fly only by flapping their wings.

只要拍拍翅膀它们就能飞起来。

所以我们仰望鸟儿，

So we looked at the birds,

and we tried to make a model that is powerful, ultralight,

并尝试去建一个模型

这个模型必须超轻，

and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities

并且具备卓越的空气动力性能

that would fly by its own and only by flapping its wings.

从而拥有通过扇动翅膀

来真正飞翔的能力。

So what would be better than to use the herring gull, in its freedom,

那么以什么鸟形建模好呢？

银鸥，这种鸟可以自由地

circling and swooping over the sea,

在海面上空盘旋和俯冲，

and to use this as a role model?

我们选择以此建模。

So we bring a team together.

所以我们组建起一个团队。

There are generalists and also specialists in the field of aerodynamics,

他们中有兼通各领域的多面手

有空气动力学专家

in the field of building gliders.

也有滑翔机制造专家。

And the task was to build an ultralight indoor-flying model

我们的任务是

建一个超轻的可在室内飞行的模型

that is able to fly over your heads.

可以飞过你们的头顶。

所以一会儿要小心咯。

So be careful later on.

(Laughter)

但这曾是一个问题：

And this was one issue:

to build it that lightweight

怎么把它造得非常轻

that no one would be hurt if it fell down.

轻到如果它掉下来

不会伤到人。

So why do we do all this?

为什么我们要这么做？

We are a company in the field of automation,

我们是一家从事自动化控制的公司，

and we'd like to do very lightweight structures

打算采用非常轻型的结构

because that's energy efficient,

因为这样更节能。

而我们也想对

and we'd like to learn more about pneumatics and air flow phenomena.

气体力学和气流现象了解更多。

现在希望诸位

So I now would like you to put your seat belts on

系紧你们的安全带

and put your hats on.

带好头盔。

So maybe we'll try it once --

我们来尝试一次

to fly a SmartBird.

放飞智能鸟吧。

Thank you.

谢谢。

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

(Cheers)

（鼓掌）

(Applause)

(Applause ends)

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

So we can now look at the SmartBird.

现在我们可以

一睹智能鸟了。

这里是一个没有外壳的。

So here is one without a skin.

We have a wingspan of about two meters.

它的翼展约为两米。

The length is one meter and six,

体长为一米六。

and the weight is only 450 grams.

而体重

只有450克。

And it is all out of carbon fiber.

它整体都是碳纤维材料做的。

In the middle we have a motor,

在中间有一个马达，

and we also have a gear in it,

和齿轮结构。

and we use the gear to transfer the circulation of the motor.

我们利用齿轮

来转换马达的运动。

So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,

马达上有三个霍尔传感器，

那么我们就知道

so we know exactly where the wing is.

翅膀的具体位置。

And if we now beat up and down --

如果让这翅膀上下拍打的话

(Mechanical sounds)

We have the possibility to fly like a bird.

那我们就有可能

让它像鸟儿一样飞起来了。

So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,

当俯冲的时候，它的推进面积足够大。

同时上行的时候，

and if you go up,

翅膀也不是非常大，

the wings are not that large,

and it is easier to get up.

所以它比较容易爬升。

所以下一个事情，

So, the next thing we did,

或者说下一个挑战我们面对的

or the challenges we did,

was to coordinate this movement.

是如何协调这种运动。

我们必须使它飞上飞下。

We have to turn it, go up and go down.

我们采用了分裂式翼。

We have a split wing.

With the split wing,

通过分裂式的翅膀设计

we get the lift at the upper wing,

使它通过上层翼得到升力，

and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.

下层翼得到推进力。

Also, we see how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.

同时，我们也知道

如何测算出它的空气动力效能。

We had knowledge about the electromechanical efficiency

我们必须掌握

电机效率

and then we can calculate the aerodynamic efficiency.

然后就能计算出

空气动力效能。

So therefore, it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,

所以，

从被动扭曲力转化为主动扭曲力，它的效能从

30%提高到

from 30 percent up to 80 percent.

80%。

Next thing we have to do,

下一件我们要做的，

we have to control and regulate the whole structure.

就是要控制和调整

整个结构。

Only if you control and regulate it,

只有控制和调整好它

you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.

才能得到预期的空气动力效能。

So the overall consumption of energy

所以整体能量消耗

is about 25 watts at takeoff

大概是起飞25瓦

and 16 to 18 watts in flight.

飞行是16到18瓦特。

谢谢

Thank you.

(Applause)

（鼓掌）

布鲁诺·朱桑尼：马库斯，不如我们再放飞一次怎么样。

Bruno Giussani: Markus, we should fly it once more.

Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.

马库斯·菲舍尔：当然。

(Audience) Yeah!

（笑声）

(Laughter)

(Gasps)

（惊叹）

(Cheers)

（欢呼）

(Applause)

（鼓掌）