A robot that flies like a bird | Markus Fischer

譯者: Resa CC 審譯者: Jenny Yang

It is a dream of mankind to fly like a bird.

人類的夢想─

─像鳥一樣的遨翔。

Birds are very agile.

鳥類是非常輕快敏捷的

They fly, not with rotating components,

它們飛行靠的不是旋轉的機械零件

so they fly only by flapping their wings.

而是藉由振動雙翼飛翔。

所以我們盯著鳥類觀察,

So we looked at the birds,

and we tried to make a model that is powerful, ultralight,

企圖建構一個模型

是高功率、超輕型的飛行器

and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities

它必須具備極佳的航空動力學的特性

that would fly by its own and only by flapping its wings.

──能夠自體飛行

而且只靠拍動翅膀。

So what would be better than to use the herring gull, in its freedom,

那麼有什麼會比使用

銀鷗（為模型典範）更好！它自由自在地

circling and swooping over the sea,

在海上盤旋俯衝,

and to use this as a role model?

我們以它做為模型主角。

So we bring a team together.

我們組成一個團隊,

There are generalists and also specialists in the field of aerodynamics,

團隊中,有萬事通也有來自某個領域的專家

有航空動力學領域的專家

in the field of building gliders.

也有打造滑翔機的專家。

And the task was to build an ultralight indoor-flying model

而任務是製造

一架超輕型的室內飛行模型,

that is able to fly over your heads.

能飛越你們的頭頂。

所以,稍會兒大家請小心

So be careful later on.

(Laughter)

而且製作時有個議題:

And this was one issue:

to build it that lightweight

將它製造得那樣的輕

that no one would be hurt if it fell down.

就沒有人會受傷,

如果它掉下來的話。

So why do we do all this?

那麼為何我們要做這些事？

We are a company in the field of automation,

我們是一間經營自動化的公司,

and we'd like to do very lightweight structures

想要製作極輕的結構體

because that's energy efficient,

因為那符合「能源效率」。

而且我們想知道更多關於

and we'd like to learn more about pneumatics and air flow phenomena.

氣動力學(pneumatics)和氣流現象。

那麼現在請你們

So I now would like you to put your seat belts on

繫上安全帶

and put your hats on.

戴上安全帽

So maybe we'll try it once --

也許我們來試飛一次,

to fly a SmartBird.

讓「聰明鳥」展翅飛翔。

Thank you.

謝謝大家

(Applause)

(掌聲響起)

(Cheers)

(掌聲又起)

(Applause)

(Applause ends)

(Applause)

(掌聲如雷)

So we can now look at the SmartBird.

那我們現在

就來看看「聰明鳥」的結構。

這有一隻沒有外殼包覆的鳥模型

So here is one without a skin.

We have a wingspan of about two meters.

展翼約二米長

The length is one meter and six,

身長一米六,

and the weight is only 450 grams.

而重量

只有450克

And it is all out of carbon fiber.

骨架材質是碳纖維

In the middle we have a motor,

在中間有個發動機

and we also have a gear in it,

在內部還有齒輪

and we use the gear to transfer the circulation of the motor.

而且我們用齒輪

協助馬達傳動。

So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,

在發動機內部,有三個霍爾感測器(Hall sensors),

所以能確切辨識

so we know exactly where the wing is.

翅膀拍動的位置

And if we now beat up and down --

若翅膀能上下拍動

(Mechanical sounds)

We have the possibility to fly like a bird.

就有可能

像鳥那樣飛行。

So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,

翅膀向下拍,就會有充裕的空間作推進

翅膀向上揚起,

and if you go up,

翅膀的幅度就沒那麼大

the wings are not that large,

and it is easier to get up.

那就更容易起飛。

所以,接下來我們得做的

So, the next thing we did,

或者說我們挑戰的下一個任務是

or the challenges we did,

was to coordinate this movement.

調節翅膀的動作

讓翅膀可以上下振動

We have to turn it, go up and go down.

我們將羽翼分節。

We have a split wing.

With the split wing,

因羽翼分節

we get the lift at the upper wing,

上翼可協助上升

and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.

下翼產生推進力

Also, we see how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.

我們也監管

我們測量「空氣動力效率」的過程

We had knowledge about the electromechanical efficiency

我們熟諳

機電效能,

and then we can calculate the aerodynamic efficiency.

我們能計算

空氣動力效率,

So therefore, it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,

測得結果是,

它升起時從被動扭力轉至積極扭力

效能從百分之三十

from 30 percent up to 80 percent.

提升至百分之八十

Next thing we have to do,

接下來我們必須做的事是

we have to control and regulate the whole structure.

控管及校準

整個架構。

Only if you control and regulate it,

唯有控管和校準整體架構,

you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.

才能達到「空氣動力效率」的功效。

So the overall consumption of energy

所以總消耗能量是

is about 25 watts at takeoff

起飛需要電量約25瓦特

and 16 to 18 watts in flight.

飛行則是16至18瓦特。

謝謝大家

Thank you.

(Applause)

(掌聲)

Bruno Giussani(TED歐洲主管):我認為,我們應該讓它再飛一次

Bruno Giussani: Markus, we should fly it once more.

Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.

當然好啊

(Audience) Yeah!

笑笑

(Laughter)

(Gasps)

(驚呼)

(Cheers)

(歡呼喝采)

(Applause)

(掌聲如雷)