A robot that flies like a bird | Markus Fischer

3,550,094 views ใƒป 2011-07-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืžืชืจื’ื: Ido Dekkers ืžื‘ืงืจ: Oren Szekatch
00:15
It is a dream of mankind to fly like a bird.
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ื–ื” ื—ืœื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช
ืœืขื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
00:20
Birds are very agile.
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ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ื”ืŸ ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœื•ืช ืชื ื•ืขื”.
00:22
They fly, not with rotating components,
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ื”ืŸ ืขืคื•ืช, ืœื ืขื ื—ืœืงื™ื ืžืกืชื•ื‘ื‘ื™ื,
00:25
so they fly only by flapping their wings.
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ืื– ื”ืŸ ืขืคื•ืช ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื ื•ืฃ ื›ื ืคื™ื”ืŸ.
ืื– ื”ื‘ื˜ื ื• ื‘ืฆื™ืคื•ืจื™ื,
00:29
So we looked at the birds,
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00:31
and we tried to make a model that is powerful, ultralight,
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื•ื“ืœ
ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ื–ืง ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ,
00:37
and it must have excellent aerodynamic qualities
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ื•ืฆืจื™ื›ื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื• ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื•ืช
00:41
that would fly by its own and only by flapping its wings.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื˜ื•ืก ืœื‘ื“
ื•ืจืง ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื ืคื ื•ืฃ ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื.
00:46
So what would be better than to use the herring gull, in its freedom,
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ืื– ื‘ืžื” ื™ื”ื™ื” ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืžืืฉืจ ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ
ื‘ืฉื—ืฃ ื”ืจื™ื ื’, ื‘ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•,
00:51
circling and swooping over the sea,
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ื—ื’ ื•ื˜ืก ืžืขืœ ื”ื™ื,
00:53
and to use this as a role model?
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ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื–ื” ื›ืžื•ื“ืœ ืœื—ื™ืงื•ื™.
00:56
So we bring a team together.
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ืื– ื”ืงืžื ื• ืฆื•ื•ืช.
00:58
There are generalists and also specialists in the field of aerodynamics,
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ื™ืฉ ืžื•ืžื—ื™ื ื›ืœืœื™ื™ื ื•ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ื™ื
ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืงื”
01:04
in the field of building gliders.
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ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื”ื“ืื•ื ื™ื.
01:06
And the task was to build an ultralight indoor-flying model
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื™ืชื” ืœื‘ื ื•ืช
ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉื˜ืก ื‘ืชื•ืš ื‘ื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ืžืื•ื“ ืงืœ
01:11
that is able to fly over your heads.
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ืฉืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื˜ื•ืก ืžืขืœ ืจืืฉื™ื ื•.
ืื– ืชื–ื”ืจื• ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:15
So be careful later on.
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01:17
(Laughter)
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ื•ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืขื™ื”:
01:20
And this was one issue:
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01:21
to build it that lightweight
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ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืื•ืชื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืงืœ
01:23
that no one would be hurt if it fell down.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ื™ืคื’ืข
ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืคื•ืœ.
01:28
So why do we do all this?
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ืื– ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ืืช ื›ืœ ื–ื”?
01:30
We are a company in the field of automation,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื‘ืจื” ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื”ืื•ื˜ื•ืžืฆื™ื”,
01:33
and we'd like to do very lightweight structures
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ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืžื‘ื ื” ืžืžืฉ ืงืœ
01:36
because that's energy efficient,
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื–ื” ื™ืขื™ืœ ืื ืจื’ื˜ื™ืช.
ื•ืจืฆื™ื ื• ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ
01:39
and we'd like to learn more about pneumatics and air flow phenomena.
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ืคื ืื•ืžื˜ื™ืงื” ื•ืขืœ ืชื•ืคืขืช ื–ืจื™ืžืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจ.
ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืืชื
01:45
So I now would like you to put your seat belts on
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ืชื—ื’ืจื• ืืช ื—ื’ื•ืจื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช
01:49
and put your hats on.
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ื•ืชื—ื‘ืฉื• ืืช ื”ื›ื•ื‘ืขื™ื.
01:51
So maybe we'll try it once --
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื ื ืกื” ืื•ืชื• ืคืขื ืื—ืช
01:54
to fly a SmartBird.
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ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืืช ื”ืกืžืจื˜ื‘ื™ืจื“.
01:56
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
01:57
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:13
(Cheers)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
02:15
(Applause)
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02:29
(Applause ends)
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02:51
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
03:07
So we can now look at the SmartBird.
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ืื– ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื
ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืกืžืจื˜ื‘ื™ืจื“.
ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื—ืช ืœืœื ื”ืฆื™ืคื•ื™.
03:13
So here is one without a skin.
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03:15
We have a wingspan of about two meters.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื•ื˜ืช ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื‘ืขืจืš ืฉื ื™ ืžื˜ืจ.
03:18
The length is one meter and six,
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ื”ืื•ืจืš ื”ื•ื ืžื˜ืจ ื•ืฉื™ืฉื”,
03:21
and the weight is only 450 grams.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉืงืœ,
ื”ื•ื ืจืง 450 ื’ืจื.
03:26
And it is all out of carbon fiber.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื›ื•ืœื” ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ ืคื—ืžืŸ.
03:29
In the middle we have a motor,
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ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืžื ื•ืข,
03:31
and we also have a gear in it,
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ื•ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื’ื ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ื›ื”.
03:35
and we use the gear to transfer the circulation of the motor.
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ื‘ื’ืœื’ืœื™ ื”ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ื”ืกื™ื‘ื•ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžื ื•ืข.
03:40
So within the motor, we have three Hall sensors,
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ืื– ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืžื ื•ืข, ื™ืฉ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื•ืœ,
ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืื™ืคื”
03:44
so we know exactly where the wing is.
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ื”ื›ื ืฃ ื ืžืฆืืช.
03:49
And if we now beat up and down --
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ื•ืื ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื ื ืคื ืฃ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”...
03:52
(Mechanical sounds)
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03:56
We have the possibility to fly like a bird.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ืืช ื”ืืคืฉืจื•ืช
ืœืขื•ืฃ ื›ืžื• ืฆื™ืคื•ืจ.
04:00
So if you go down, you have the large area of propulsion,
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ืื– ืื ืชืจื“ื• ืœืžื˜ื”, ื™ืฉ ืœื›ื ืื–ื•ืจ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ื”ื ืขื”.
ื•ืื ืชืขืœื• ืœืžืขืœื”,
04:04
and if you go up,
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ื”ื›ื ืคื™ื™ื ื”ืŸ ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช,
04:07
the wings are not that large,
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04:10
and it is easier to get up.
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ื•ื–ื” ืงืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืขืœื•ืช.
ืื–, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืขืฉื™ื ื•,
04:15
So, the next thing we did,
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ืื• ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืชื™ืงืœื ื•
04:18
or the challenges we did,
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04:19
was to coordinate this movement.
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ื”ื™ื” ืœืชืื ืืช ื”ืชื ื•ืขื”.
ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ืœ ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ืื•ืชื•, ื•ืœืขืœื•ืช ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”.
04:23
We have to turn it, go up and go down.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื ื• ื›ื ืฃ ื—ืฆื•ื™ื”.
04:26
We have a split wing.
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04:27
With the split wing,
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ืขื ื›ื ืฃ ื—ืฆื•ื™ื”
04:29
we get the lift at the upper wing,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืงื‘ืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื™ืœื•ื™ ื‘ื›ื ืฃ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ื ื”,
04:32
and we get the propulsion at the lower wing.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืชื ืข ื‘ื›ื ืฃ ื”ืชื—ืชื•ื ื”.
04:35
Also, we see how we measure the aerodynamic efficiency.
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ื•ื‘ื ื•ืกืฃ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื
ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ื“ื™ื ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช.
04:40
We had knowledge about the electromechanical efficiency
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ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื• ื™ื“ืข ืขืœ
ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื• ืžื›ืื ื™ืช
04:44
and then we can calculate the aerodynamic efficiency.
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ื•ืื– ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื—ืฉื‘
ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืžื™ืช.
04:48
So therefore, it rises up from passive torsion to active torsion,
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ื•ืื–,
ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžืคื™ืชื•ืœ ืคืืกื™ื‘ื™ ืœืคื™ืชื•ืœ ืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™,
ืž-30 ืื—ื•ื–
04:54
from 30 percent up to 80 percent.
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ืขื“ ืœ-80 ืื—ื•ื–.
04:57
Next thing we have to do,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช,
04:59
we have to control and regulate the whole structure.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืฉืœื•ื˜ ื•ืœื‘ืงืจ
ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.
05:03
Only if you control and regulate it,
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ืจืง ืื ืชืฉืœื˜ื• ื•ืชื‘ืงืจื• ืืช ื–ื”
05:06
you will get that aerodynamic efficiency.
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ืชืงื‘ืœื• ืืช ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืื•ื™ืจื•ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ืช.
05:09
So the overall consumption of energy
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ืื– ื”ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื ืจื’ื™ื”
05:12
is about 25 watts at takeoff
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ื”ื™ื ื‘ืขืจืš 25 ื•ื•ืื˜ ื‘ื”ืžืจืื”
05:15
and 16 to 18 watts in flight.
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ื•-16 ืขื“ 18 ื•ื•ืื˜ ื‘ื˜ื™ืกื”.
ืชื•ื“ื” ืœื›ื.
05:19
Thank you.
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05:20
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ื‘ืจื•ื ื• ื’ื™ื•ืกื™ืื ื™: ืžืจืงื•ืก, ืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ืขื™ืฃ ืื•ืชื” ืฉื•ื‘.
05:27
Bruno Giussani: Markus, we should fly it once more.
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05:29
Markus Fischer: Yeah, sure.
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ืžืจืงื•ืก ืคื™ืฉืจ: ื›ืŸ ื‘ื”ื—ืœื˜.
05:31
(Audience) Yeah!
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
05:32
(Laughter)
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05:53
(Gasps)
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(ื”ืฉืชื ืงื•ืช)
06:02
(Cheers)
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(ืงืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืžื—ื”)
06:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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