Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,282,371 views ・ 2013-05-09

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Translator: Joachim Mangilima Reviewer: Nelson Simfukwe
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Nilipokuwa na miaka 27
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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niliacha kazi ya kuchukua muda sana kama mshauri wa utawala
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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kufanya kazi inayochukua muda zaidi sana ya kufundisha.
Nilienda kufundisha hisabati, watoto wa darasa la saba.
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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Katika shule ya serikali ya New York.
Na kama Mwalimu yeyote, niliandaa majaribio na mitihani.
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Nilitoa pia mazoezi ya nyumbani
Kazi ziliporudishwa, nikafanya mahesabu ya alama walizopata.
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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Kilichonishangaza ni kuwa I.Q haikuwa tofauti pekee
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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kati ya wanafunzi wanaofanya vizuri sana na wale waliofanya vibaya sana.
Baadhi ya wale wazuri sana
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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hawakuwa na I.Q za juu sana.
walikuwa hawafanyi vizuri sana.
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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na hii ikanifanya nifikiri.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Vitu unavyohitaji kujifunza darasa la saba
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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ni kweli vigumu kama: uwiano,desimali,
eneo la msambamba.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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lakini dhana hizi sio ngumu,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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na niliamini kuwa wanafunzi wangu
01:11
could learn the material
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wanaweza kujifunza vitu hivi
kama wakijituma kwa bidii.
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Baada ya miaka kadhaa ya kufundisha,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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nilipata hitimisho kuwa tunachohitaji katika elimu
ni ufahamu mzuri zaidi wa wanafunzi na usomaji
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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kwa kuangalia upande wa uhimizaji
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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kwa kuangalia upande wa kisaikolojia
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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Katika elimu,kitu tunachokipima vizuri
ni I.Q, lakini vipi kama kufanikiwa shuleni na katika maisha
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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inategemea zaidi
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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ya uwezo wako wa kusoma haraka na kirahisi?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Nikaondoka darasani,
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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na nikaenda katika masomo ya uzamili ili kuwa mwanasaikolojia
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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nikaanza kujifunza kuhusu watoto na watu wazima
katika mazingira magumu mbalimbali,
01:56
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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01:58
and in every study my question was,
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na katika kila utafiti swali langu lilikuwa,
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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ni nani ambaye amefanikiwa hapa na kwa nini?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Timu yangu ya watafiti na mimi tulienda katika chuo cha kijeshi cha West Point.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Tulijaribu kutabiri makadeti gani
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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watakaa katika mafunzo na wale ambao watashindwa na mafunzo
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Tukaenda shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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na kutabiri watoto gani wataendelea mpaka
mwisho wa shindano.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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Tuliwatafiti walimu wapya
wanaofanya kazi katika maeneo magumu sana, tukiuliza
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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walimu gani wataendelea kuwepo wakifundisha
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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mpaka mwisho wa mwaka wa masomo,
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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na kati yao,yupi atakuwa amefanikiwa
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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kuongeza uwezo wa kimasomo wa wanafunzi wake?
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Tulishirikiana na kampuni binafsi, tukiuliza
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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kati ya watu kadhaa wa masoko ni yupi atakayeendelea kuwa kazini?
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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na yupi atapata pesa nyingi zaidi?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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katika mazingira hayo mbalimbali,
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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kitu kimoja kiliibuka
kama kiashiria muhimu cha mafanikio.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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haikuwa uwezo wa kufikiri.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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haikuwa mwonekano wa kuvutia,afya nzuri na haikuwa I.Q
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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ilikuwa ni uvumilivu na shauku
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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ni shauku na uvumilivu wa malengo ya muda mrefu.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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ni kuwa na stamina.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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ni kung'ang'ania kila siku,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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si kwa wiki moja, si kwa mwezi mmoja,
03:16
but for years,
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lakini ni kwa miaka, ma kufanya kazi kwa bidii
03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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na kufanya maisha yako ya baadaye kuwa kitu halisi.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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ni kuishi maisha kama mbio ndefu za marathon na sio mbio fupi.
Miaka michache iliyopita nilianza, kujifunza kuhusu hali hii
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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katika shule za serikali za mji wa Chicago.
niliwaomba maelfu ya wanafunzi wa sekondari
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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kujibu dodoso kuhusu hali hii
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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baadae nikasubiri zaidi ya mwaka mmoja
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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kuangalia ni nani atakayehitimu.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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inaonekana watoto wenye shauku na uvumilivu huu sana
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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walikuwa na nafasi kubwa zaidi ya kuhitimu,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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hata pale nilipolinganisha vigezo mbalimbali,
03:50
things like family income,
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vigezo kama kipato cha familia,
matokeo ya mitihani ya kupima uwezo,
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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hata watoto walivyojisikia salama wakiwa shuleni.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Kwa hiyo si tu katika chuo cha Westpoint au shindano la taifa la kutamka herufi
04:02
that grit matters.
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shauku na uvumilivu huu unapokuwa na maana,lakini shuleni,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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zaidi sana kwa watoto walio hatarini kuacha masomo.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Kwangu kitu cha kushangaza kuhusu shauku na uvumilivu huu
ni jinsi tusivyofahamu mengi kuhusu hali hii
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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jinsi kidogo sana sayansi inavyojua, kuhusu kuijenga.
Kila siku, wazazi na walimu wananiuliza,
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Ninaijengaje hali hii ndani ya watoto"?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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nifanyeje kuwafundisha watoto umuhimu wa kazi?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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nifanyeje kuwamasisha kwa muda mredu zaidi?"
04:27
The honest answer is,
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Jibu ni kuwa sijui.(vicheko)
04:29
I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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nachojua ni kuwa kipaji hakikusaidii kuwa na hali hii.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Taarifa zetu zinaonyesha wazi wazi
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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kuwa wapo wengi wenye vipaji mbalimbali
lakini wanshindwa kutimiza majukumu yao.
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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na ukweli ni kwamba katika taarifa zetu,inaonyesha hakuna uhusiano
wa aina yoyote na kipaji
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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mpaka sasa,wazo zuri zaidi la kujenga hali hii kwa watoto nililolisikia
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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ni kitu kinaitwa "ukuaji wa ufahamu."
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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hili ni wazo liloanzishwa chuo kikuu cha Stanford
na Carol Dweck, na ni imani kuwa
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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uwezo wa kujifunza hauna mipaka,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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unaweza kubadilika kutokana na juhudi yako.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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Dr Dweck ameonyesha kuwa watoto wanaposoma na kujifunza
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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kuhusu ubongo na jinsi unavyokua na kuongezeka
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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unapokabiliana na changamoto,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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wanakuwa na nafasi kubwa ya kuvumilia wanaposhindwa,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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kwa kuwa hawaamini kuwa kushindwa
kuwa ni hali ya kudumu.
Kwa hiyo ukuaji wa ufahamu ni wazo zuri kwa kujenga hali hii.
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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lakini tunahitaji zaidi.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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na hapa ndipo nitafunga maelezo yangu,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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kwa sababu ndipo tulipo.
Hii ndiyo kazi iliyoko mbele yetu.
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Tunahitaji kuchukua mawazo yetu mazuri
05:44
and we need to test them.
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na kuyajaribu.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Tunahitaji kupima kama tumefanikiwa,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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na tunahitaji kukubali kufeli,kutokuwa sahihi,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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kuanza upya na masomo tuliyojifunza.
Kwa maneno mengine, tunahitaji kuwa na uvumilivu na shauku hii.
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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kuwafanye watoto wetu kuwa na shauku na uvumilivu huu.
06:02
Thank you.
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Asante
06:03
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
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