Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,021,727 views

2013-05-09 ・ TED


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Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,021,727 views ・ 2013-05-09

TED


Dvaput kliknite na engleske titlove ispod za reprodukciju videozapisa.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Prevoditelj: Mladen Barešić Recezent: Senzos Osijek
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Kad mi je bilo 27,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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napustila sam vrlo zahtjevan posao u savjetovanju
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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i zaposlila se na još zahtjevnijem: učiteljskom.
Zaposlila sam se kao nastavnica matematike
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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u sedmim razredima jedne njujorške javne škole.
I kao svaki nastavnik, kreirala sam upitnike i testove,
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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i zadavala domaće zadaće.
Kasnije sam ih, naravno, ocjenjivala.
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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Ono što me iznenadilo bila je činjenica da kvocijent inteligencije nije bio jedina razlika
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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između mojih najboljih i mojih najlošijih učenika.
Neki od mojih najboljih učenika
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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nisu baš imali "stratosferične" kvocijente inteligencije.
Neka od moje najbistrije djece nisu bila osobito uspješna u školi.
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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I to mi je dalo misliti...
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Stvari koje iz matematike u sedmom razredu trebate naučiti,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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naravno, teške su: razlomci, decimalni brojevi,
površina paralelograma.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Ali, nije nemoguće razumjeti te pojmove,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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i ja sam čvrsto vjerovala da bi svaki moj učenik
01:11
could learn the material
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mogao naučiti taj sadržaj
bude li dovoljno marljivo i ustrajno radio.
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Nakon još nekoliko godina poučavanja,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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zaključila sam da nam je u obrazovnom procesu potrebno
daleko bolje razumijevanje učenika i učenja
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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s motivacijskog stajališta,
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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iz psihološkog kuta.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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Ono što mi u školstvu najbolje znamo mjeriti
je kvocijent inteligencije. Međutim, što ako uspjeh u školi i u životu
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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znatno više ovisi o nečemu složenijem
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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od sposobnosti da brzo i lako učite?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Zato sam napustila školu,
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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i upisala studij psihologije.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Počela sam proučavati djecu i odrasle
u raznim vrstama vrlo izazovnih situacija...
01:56
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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01:58
and in every study my question was,
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I u svakom sam se istraživanju pitala:
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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Tko je u čemu uspješan, i zbog čega?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Sa svojim istraživačkim timom otišla sam na vojnu akademiju West Point.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Nastojali smo predvidjeti koji će pitomci
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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izdržati vojnu obuku, a koji će odustati.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Otišli smo na Državno natjecanje u sricanju
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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i nastojali predvidjeti koja će se djeca
u tom natjecanju najbolje plasirati.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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Proučavali smo učitelje-pripravnike
koji su radili u zaista žestokim četvrtima, pitajući se
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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koji će učitelji opstati u nastavi
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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do kraja školske godine.
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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I koji će od njih biti najučinkovitiji
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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u ostvarivanju ciljeva učenja svojih učenika?
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Surađivali smo s privatnim tvrtkama, ispitujući
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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koji će od tih prodavača zadržati svoje poslove?
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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I tko će zaraditi najviše?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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U svim tim vrlo različitim okolnostima
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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jedna se karakteristika izdvojila
kao značajan prediktor uspjeha.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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I to nije bila socijalna inteligencija.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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To nije bio dobar izgled, ni tjelesno zdravlje, a nije to bio niti kvocijent inteligencije.
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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Bilo je to - htijenje.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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"Htijenje" je strast i ustrajnost usmjerena prema vrlo dugoročnim ciljevima.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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"Htijenje" znači biti izdržljiv.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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"Htijenje" znači sljubiti se s vlastitom budućnošću, iz dana u dan,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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ne samo tjedan dana, niti mjesec dana,
03:16
but for years,
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već godinama... I raditi vrlo naporno
03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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da biste tu budućnost pretočili u stvarnost.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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"Htijenje" znači živjeti kao da je život maraton, a ne sprint.
Prije nekoliko sam godina započela proučavati htijenje
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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u čikaškim javnim školama.
Tisuće sam učenika u nižim razredima srednjih škola
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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testirala upitnicima htijenja,
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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i potom više od godine dana iščekivala
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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da vidim tko će maturirati.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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Ispostavilo se da će djeca snažnijega htijenja
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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značajno vjerojatnije uspjeti maturirati
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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čak i kad sam ih uspjela izjednačiti po svakom obilježju koje sam mogla izmjeriti -
03:50
things like family income,
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poput obiteljskih primanja,
rezultata na standardiziranim testovima postignuća,
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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čak i toga koliko su se pojedinci osjećali sigurnima dok su bili u školi.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Dakle, htijenje nije bitno samo na West Pointu ili na Državnom natjecanju u sricanju.
04:02
that grit matters.
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Važno je i u školi,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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osobito kod djece s većom vjerojatnošću da napuste školu.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Najviše me iznenadilo
koliko malo mi znamo o htijenju.
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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Koliko malo znanstvenici razumiju kako ga izgraditi.
Svakoga me dana roditelji i učitelji pitaju:
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Kako da izgradim htijenje kod djeteta?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Što trebam činiti da kod djece izgradim snažnu radnu etiku?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Kako da ih održim motiviranima na duge staze?"
04:27
The honest answer is,
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Iskreno - ne znam. (Smijeh)
04:29
I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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No, ono što znam je da vas talent ne čini upornim.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Prema našim nalazima, vrlo je jasno
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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da postoji mnogo darovitih pojedinaca
koji jednostavno ne ustrajavaju u svojim aktivnostima.
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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Ustvari, prema našim podacima, htijenje obično ne korelira
ili čak negativno korelira s pokazateljima darovitosti.
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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Dosad je najbolja ideja koju sam čula o izgradnji htijenja u djece
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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bila ona zvana "razvojni mentalitet".
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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Taj je koncept razvila Carol Dweck na Sveučilištu Stanford,
a radi se o vjerovanju
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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da sposobnost učenja nije fiksna, nepromjenljiva,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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već se ona može mijenjati ako se potrudite.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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Dr. Dweck je pokazala da kad djeca čitaju i uče
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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o mozgu i o tome kako se on mijenja i razvija
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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pri suočavanju s izazovima,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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osjetno će vjerojatnije ustrajati kad dožive neuspjeh,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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jer ne vjeruju da je neuspjeh
trajno stanje.
Stoga je razvojni mentalitet sjajna ideja o tome kako izgrađivati htijenje.
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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Ali, potrebno nam je više.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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Ovdje ću stati sa svojim izlaganjem,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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jer ovo je slika našeg današnjeg stanja.
To su zadaci koji pred nama stoje.
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Trebamo prepoznati najbolje ideje, najsnažnije naše intuitivne uvide,
05:44
and we need to test them.
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i trebamo ih provjeriti.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Trebamo izmjeriti jesmo li uspjeli,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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i moramo biti spremni pogriješiti, ne uspjeti,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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i onda, s tim iskustvom, početi iznova.
Drugim riječima, moramo biti uporni
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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u nastojanjima da svoju djecu učinimo upornijom.
06:02
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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