Grit: the power of passion and perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Òscar Aznar Alemany Reviewer: Luisa Olmedo Cortés

When I was 27 years old,

Quan tenia 27 anys,

I left a very demanding job in management consulting

vaig deixar una feina esgotadora de consultora

for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.

per una de més esgotadora: professora.

Ensenyava matemàtiques a nens de 12 anys

I went to teach seventh graders math

in the New York City public schools.

a les escoles públiques de Nova York.

Com qualsevol professor, feia qüestionaris i tests.

And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.

I gave out homework assignments.

Els donava deures.

Quan me'ls lliuraven, en calculava les notes.

When the work came back, I calculated grades.

What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference

Però em va sobtar que el QI no era l'única diferència

between my best and my worst students.

entre el millor i el pitjor estudiant.

Alguns dels millors

Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.

no tenien QI estratosfèrics.

Alguns dels més llestos no se'n sortien tan bé.

Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.

And that got me thinking.

Això em va fer pensar.

The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,

El que s'aprèn a mates amb 12 anys,

sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.

sí, és difícil: fraccions, decimals

o l'àrea d'un paral·lelogram.

But these concepts are not impossible,

Però no són coses inaccessibles

and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students

i estava convençuda que tots els meus alumnes

could learn the material

es podien aprendre el temari

si hi treballaven molt i prou de temps.

if they worked hard and long enough.

After several more years of teaching,

Després d'uns anys ensenyant,

I came to the conclusion that what we need in education

vaig concloure que el que ens fa falta

és entendre molt millor els alumnes i com aprenen

is a much better understanding of students and learning

from a motivational perspective,

des d'una perspectiva d'incentius,

from a psychological perspective.

des d'una perspectiva psicològica.

In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.

En l'ensenyament, el que sabem mesurar millor

és el QI, però i si l'èxit a l'escola i a la vida

But what if doing well in school and in life

depends on much more

depengués de molt més

than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

que de l'habilitat d'aprendre ràpidament i fàcil?

So I left the classroom,

Doncs, vaig deixar les classes

and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.

per anar a la universitat i fer-me psicòloga.

I started studying kids and adults

Vaig començar a estudiar nens i adults

en tot tipus de condicions molt dures

in all kinds of super challenging settings,

and in every study my question was,

i la meva pregunta sempre era:

who is successful here and why?

Qui té èxit i per què?

My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.

El meu equip de recerca i jo vam anar a l'Acadèmia Militar dels Estats Units.

We tried to predict which cadets

Intentàvem preveure quins cadets

would stay in military training and which would drop out.

seguirien l'entrenament i quins abandonarien.

We went to the National Spelling Bee

Vam ser a la competició de lletrejar nacional

and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.

i intentàrem preveure quins nens arribarien

més lluny en la competició.

We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,

Vam estudiar professors novells

que treballaven a barris molt durs, i ens preguntàrem

asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching

quins seguirien ensenyant allà encara

by the end of the school year,

a final de curs

and of those, who will be the most effective

i quins d'aquests tindrien millors resultats

at improving learning outcomes for their students?

respecte al que aprenien els seus alumnes.

We partnered with private companies, asking,

Vam treballar amb empreses i ens preguntàvem:

which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?

Quins dels venedors mantindran la feina?

And who's going to earn the most money?

I qui guanyarà més diners?

In all those very different contexts,

En tots aquests contextos diferents

one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.

va destacar una característica

com a predictora significant de l'èxit.

And it wasn't social intelligence.

No era la intel·ligència social.

It wasn't good looks, physical health,

No eren l'atractiu ni la salut física ni el QI.

and it wasn't IQ.

It was grit.

Era la valentia.

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.

Valentia és passió i perseverança per a obtenir objectius a llarg termini.

Grit is having stamina.

Valentia és fortalesa.

Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,

Valentia és treballar per un futur, constantment,

not just for the week, not just for the month,

no només una setmana, ni un sol mes,

but for years,

sinó durant anys, i treballar molt

and working really hard to make that future a reality.

per fer realitat aquest futur.

Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.

Valentia és viure la vida com una marató, no un esprint.

Fa uns anys, vaig començar a estudiar la valentia

A few years ago,

I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.

a les escoles públiques de Chicago.

Vaig donar a milers d'estudiants d'institut

I asked thousands of high school juniors

to take grit questionnaires,

qüestionaris de valentia

and then waited around more than a year

i vaig esperar més d'un any

to see who would graduate.

per veure qui es graduava.

Turns out that grittier kids

Els alumnes més valents

were significantly more likely to graduate,

tenien molts més punts per a graduar-se,

even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,

fins i tot comparant-ho amb qualsevol característica mesurable,

things like family income,

com els ingresos familiars,

la puntuació de testos estandarditzats

standardized achievement test scores,

even how safe kids felt when they were at school.

o com de segurs se sentien a l'institut.

So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee

No és només a l'Acadèmia Militar o al concurs de lletreig

that grit matters.

on importa la valentia. És també a l'escola,

It's also in school,

especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

especialment en alumnes en risc de fracàs.

To me, the most shocking thing about grit

Per a mi, el més colpidor de la valentia

és que en sabem molt poc,

is how little we know,

how little science knows, about building it.

la ciència en sap poc, sobre com crear-la.

Cada dia, pares i professors em pregunten:

Every day, parents and teachers ask me,

"How do I build grit in kids?

"Com puc fer nens valents?

What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?

Com els puc ensenyar una ètica de treball sòlida?

How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"

Com els mantinc interessats a llarg termini?"

The honest answer is,

Honestament, no ho sé. (Riures)

I don't know.

(Laughter)

What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.

Però sé que el talent no et fa valent.

Our data show very clearly

Les dades demostren clarament

that there are many talented individuals

que hi ha molts individus amb talent

que no compleixen els seus compromisos.

who simply do not follow through on their commitments.

In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated

De fet, en les dades, la valentia no es relaciona

o, fins i tot, s'oposa a les mesures de talent.

or even inversely related to measures of talent.

So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids

Fins avui, el millor que he sentit sobre crear valentia

is something called "growth mindset."

és la <i>mentalitat de creixement</i>.

This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,

És una idea pensada a la Universitat de Stanford

per Carol Dweck i és la creença

and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,

que la capacitat d'aprendre no és fixa,

that it can change with your effort.

que es pot canviar amb l'esforç.

Dr. Dweck has shown

La Dr. Dweck ha demostrat que quan els nens

that when kids read and learn about the brain

aprenen com el cervell canvia i creix

and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,

davant dels reptes,

they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,

estan més disposats a perseverar quan fracassen

because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

perquè no creuen que el fracàs

sigui una condició permanent.

La mentalitat de creixement és ideal per crear valentia.

So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.

But we need more.

Però fa falta més.

And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,

I fins aquí arriben les meves observacions

because that's where we are.

perquè aquí és on ens trobem.

Aquesta és la feina que hem de fer.

That's the work that stands before us.

We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,

Hem d'agafar les millors idees, les millors intuïcions

and we need to test them.

i les hem de posar a prova.

We need to measure whether we've been successful,

Hem de mesurar si hem tingut èxit

and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,

i hem d'estar disposats a fracassar, a equivocar-nos,

to start over again with lessons learned.

per recomençar amb la lliçó apresa.

En altres paraules, hem de ser valents

In other words, we need to be gritty

about getting our kids grittier.

respecte a crear nens valents.

Thank you.

Gràcies.

(Applause)

(Aplaudiments)