Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,282,371 views ・ 2013-05-09

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Translator: Mojca Miklavec Reviewer: Nika Kotnik
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Ko sem bila stara 27 let,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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sem pustila zelo zahtevno svetovalno službo
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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in jo zamenjala za še zahtevnejšo: učenje.
Šla sem učit matematiko v sedmi razred
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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v javno šolo v New Yorku.
Kot vsak učitelj sem pripravila kvize in kotrolne naloge.
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Razdelila sem domače naloge.
Ko so jih oddali, sem jih ocenila.
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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Kar me je presenetilo, je, da inteligenčni količnik (IQ) ni bil edina razlika
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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med najboljšimi in najslabšimi učenci.
Med najuspešnejšimi
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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niso bili le geniji z astronomsko visokim IQ-jem.
In nekaterim od najpametnejših otrok ni šlo najbolje.
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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To mi je dalo misliti.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Stvari, ki se jih je potrebno naučiti pri matematiki v sedmem razredu,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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so - brez dvoma - zahtevne: ulomki, decimalna števila,
površina paralelograma.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Ni pa jih nemogoče osvojiti
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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in bila sem trdno prepričana, da bi se moj sleherni učenec
01:11
could learn the material
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lahko naučil snov,
če bi marljivo delal in dovolj dolgo vztrajal.
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Ko sem učila že nekaj let,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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sem prišla do spoznanja, da je to, kar v izobraževanju potrebujemo,
boljše razumevanje učencev in učenja
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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iz vidika motivacije
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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in iz psihološkega zornega kota.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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Če znamo v izobraževanju kaj dobro izmeriti,
je to inteligenčni količnik. A kaj če je to, kako gre nekomu v šoli in v življenju,
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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odvisno še od mnogo več drugih stvari,
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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kot le od sposobnosti hitrega in enostavnega učenja?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Tako sem zapustila kateder
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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in se odpravila na podiplomski študij psihologije.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Začela sem preučevati otroke in odrasle
v vseh mogočih, izjemno zahtevnih okoliščinah,
01:56
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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01:58
and in every study my question was,
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in vsakič sem si zastavila vprašanje,
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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kdo je v tem okolju uspešen in zakaj.
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Z raziskovalno ekipo smo se odpravili na Vojaško akademijo ZDA (West Point).
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Skušali smo napovedati, kateri kadeti
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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bodo ostali na vojaškem usposabljanju in kateri ga bodo opustili.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Odšli smo na državno tekmovanje v črkovanju
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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in skušali napovedati, kateri otroci se bodo prebili
najdlje na tekmovanju.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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Opazovali smo učitelje novince,
ki so delali v hudo problematičnih soseskah, pri čemer smo se vprašali,
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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kateri bodo zdržali pri poučevanju
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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do konca šolskega leta
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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in kateri od teh, ki bodo ostali, bodo najučinkovitejši
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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pri izboljšanju znanja svojih učencev.
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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V sodelovanju z zasebnimi podjetji smo si zastavili vprašanje,
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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kateri od njihovih prodajalcev bodo obržali službe
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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in kdo bo zaslužil največ denarja.
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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V vseh teh precej različnih okoliščinah
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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se je ena lastnost izkazala
za pomemben napovednik uspeha.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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In to ni bila družbena inteligenca.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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To ni bil dober izgled ali fizično zdravje in to ni bil inteligenčni količnik.
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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To je bila zagrizenost.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Zagrizenost pomeni strast in vztrajnost za dosego daljnoročnih ciljev.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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Zagrizenost pomeni biti vzdržljiv.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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Zagrizenost pomeni, da se dan za dnem držiš svojih načrtov,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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ne le za en teden, ne le za en mesec,
03:16
but for years,
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temveč leto za letom trdo delaš,
03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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da bi se načrti uresničili.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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Zagrizenost pomeni živeti življenje, kot da bi tekli maraton, ne šprint.
Pred nekaj leti sem začela preučevati zagrizenost
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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v javnih šolah v Čikagu.
Prosila sem na tisoče dijakov 3. letnika,
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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naj izpolnijo vprašalnik o zagrizenosti,
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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nato pa počakala dobro leto,
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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da bi videla, kdo bo maturiral.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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Izkazalo se je, da so bolj zagrizeni dijaki
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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precej verjetneje zaključili šolo,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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četudi so se ujemale vse druge lastnosti, ki sem jih lahko merila,
03:50
things like family income,
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kot npr. družinski prihodki,
dosežene točke na eksternem preverjanju znanja,
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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ali celo to, kako varno so se počutili v šoli.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Torej ne gre le za vojaško akademijo ali tekmovanje v črkovanju,
04:02
that grit matters.
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kjer je zagrizenost pomembna. Pomembna je tudi v šoli,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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še zlasti pri otrocih, za katere obstaja veliko tveganje, da šolo pustijo.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Zame je najbolj šokantna plat zagrizenosti ta,
kako malo vemo,
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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oziroma, kako malo znanost ve o tem, kako jo razviti.
Vsak dan me starši in učitelji sprašujejo:
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Kako naj v otrocih razvijem zagrizenost?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Kaj naj naredim, da otroke naučim dobrih delovnih navad?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Kako naj otroke obdržim motivirane na dolgi rok?"
04:27
The honest answer is,
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Iskreno povedano - pojma nimam. (Smeh)
04:29
I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Kar vem, je, da te talent ne naredi zagrizenega.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Naši podatki zelo jasno kažejo,
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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da je mnogo nadarjenih posameznikov,
ki enostavno ne izpolnjuje svojih obveznosti.
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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Pravzaprav je bila v naših podatkih zagrizenost navadno nepovezana
ali celo obratno sorazmerna s talentom.
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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Najboljša ideja o razvoju zagrizenosti v otrocih, kar sem jih slišala doslej,
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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je nekaj po imenu "razvojna miselnost".
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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To je ideja, ki jo je na Univerzi v Stanfordu razvila
Carol Dweck. To je prepričanje,
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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da sposobnost učenja ni prirojena,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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pač pa jo lahko izboljšamo, če se zanjo potrudimo.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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Dr. Dweck je pokazala, da si otroci z branjem in učenjem
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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o možganih in o tem, kako se možgani spreminjajo in rastejo,
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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če jih postavimo pred izzive,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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večajo verjetnost, da bodo kljub padcem vztrajali,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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saj ne verjamejo, da je neuspeh
trajnega značaja.
"Razvojna miselnost" je torej odlično izhodišče za razvoj zagrizenosti.
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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A potrebujemo več.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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In s tem zaključujem svoje misli,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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kajti do sem smo prišli.
To so naloge, ki nas še čakajo.
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Izbrati moramo naše najboljše ideje, naše najmočnejše intuicije
05:44
and we need to test them.
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in jih testirati.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Izmeriti moramo, če smo bili uspešni,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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in pripravljeni moramo biti na neuspeh, na zmote,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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da lahko s tem, kar smo se naučili, začnemo znova.
Z drugimi besedami – zagrizti moramo v to,
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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da naredimo naše otroke bolj zagrizene.
06:02
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
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