Grit: the power of passion and perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Mojca Miklavec Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

When I was 27 years old,

Ko sem bila stara 27 let,

I left a very demanding job in management consulting

sem pustila zelo zahtevno svetovalno službo

for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.

in jo zamenjala za še zahtevnejšo: učenje.

Šla sem učit matematiko v sedmi razred

I went to teach seventh graders math

in the New York City public schools.

v javno šolo v New Yorku.

Kot vsak učitelj sem pripravila kvize in kotrolne naloge.

And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.

I gave out homework assignments.

Razdelila sem domače naloge.

Ko so jih oddali, sem jih ocenila.

When the work came back, I calculated grades.

What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference

Kar me je presenetilo, je, da inteligenčni količnik (IQ) ni bil edina razlika

between my best and my worst students.

med najboljšimi in najslabšimi učenci.

Med najuspešnejšimi

Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.

niso bili le geniji z astronomsko visokim IQ-jem.

In nekaterim od najpametnejših otrok ni šlo najbolje.

Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.

And that got me thinking.

To mi je dalo misliti.

The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,

Stvari, ki se jih je potrebno naučiti pri matematiki v sedmem razredu,

sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.

so - brez dvoma - zahtevne: ulomki, decimalna števila,

površina paralelograma.

But these concepts are not impossible,

Ni pa jih nemogoče osvojiti

and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students

in bila sem trdno prepričana, da bi se moj sleherni učenec

could learn the material

lahko naučil snov,

če bi marljivo delal in dovolj dolgo vztrajal.

if they worked hard and long enough.

After several more years of teaching,

Ko sem učila že nekaj let,

I came to the conclusion that what we need in education

sem prišla do spoznanja, da je to, kar v izobraževanju potrebujemo,

boljše razumevanje učencev in učenja

is a much better understanding of students and learning

from a motivational perspective,

iz vidika motivacije

from a psychological perspective.

in iz psihološkega zornega kota.

In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.

Če znamo v izobraževanju kaj dobro izmeriti,

je to inteligenčni količnik. A kaj če je to, kako gre nekomu v šoli in v življenju,

But what if doing well in school and in life

depends on much more

odvisno še od mnogo več drugih stvari,

than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

kot le od sposobnosti hitrega in enostavnega učenja?

So I left the classroom,

Tako sem zapustila kateder

and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.

in se odpravila na podiplomski študij psihologije.

I started studying kids and adults

Začela sem preučevati otroke in odrasle

v vseh mogočih, izjemno zahtevnih okoliščinah,

in all kinds of super challenging settings,

and in every study my question was,

in vsakič sem si zastavila vprašanje,

who is successful here and why?

kdo je v tem okolju uspešen in zakaj.

My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.

Z raziskovalno ekipo smo se odpravili na Vojaško akademijo ZDA (West Point).

We tried to predict which cadets

Skušali smo napovedati, kateri kadeti

would stay in military training and which would drop out.

bodo ostali na vojaškem usposabljanju in kateri ga bodo opustili.

We went to the National Spelling Bee

Odšli smo na državno tekmovanje v črkovanju

and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.

in skušali napovedati, kateri otroci se bodo prebili

najdlje na tekmovanju.

We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,

Opazovali smo učitelje novince,

ki so delali v hudo problematičnih soseskah, pri čemer smo se vprašali,

asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching

kateri bodo zdržali pri poučevanju

by the end of the school year,

do konca šolskega leta

and of those, who will be the most effective

in kateri od teh, ki bodo ostali, bodo najučinkovitejši

at improving learning outcomes for their students?

pri izboljšanju znanja svojih učencev.

We partnered with private companies, asking,

V sodelovanju z zasebnimi podjetji smo si zastavili vprašanje,

which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?

kateri od njihovih prodajalcev bodo obržali službe

And who's going to earn the most money?

in kdo bo zaslužil največ denarja.

In all those very different contexts,

V vseh teh precej različnih okoliščinah

one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.

se je ena lastnost izkazala

za pomemben napovednik uspeha.

And it wasn't social intelligence.

In to ni bila družbena inteligenca.

It wasn't good looks, physical health,

To ni bil dober izgled ali fizično zdravje in to ni bil inteligenčni količnik.

and it wasn't IQ.

It was grit.

To je bila zagrizenost.

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.

Zagrizenost pomeni strast in vztrajnost za dosego daljnoročnih ciljev.

Grit is having stamina.

Zagrizenost pomeni biti vzdržljiv.

Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,

Zagrizenost pomeni, da se dan za dnem držiš svojih načrtov,

not just for the week, not just for the month,

ne le za en teden, ne le za en mesec,

but for years,

temveč leto za letom trdo delaš,

and working really hard to make that future a reality.

da bi se načrti uresničili.

Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.

Zagrizenost pomeni živeti življenje, kot da bi tekli maraton, ne šprint.

Pred nekaj leti sem začela preučevati zagrizenost

A few years ago,

I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.

v javnih šolah v Čikagu.

Prosila sem na tisoče dijakov 3. letnika,

I asked thousands of high school juniors

to take grit questionnaires,

naj izpolnijo vprašalnik o zagrizenosti,

and then waited around more than a year

nato pa počakala dobro leto,

to see who would graduate.

da bi videla, kdo bo maturiral.

Turns out that grittier kids

Izkazalo se je, da so bolj zagrizeni dijaki

were significantly more likely to graduate,

precej verjetneje zaključili šolo,

even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,

četudi so se ujemale vse druge lastnosti, ki sem jih lahko merila,

things like family income,

kot npr. družinski prihodki,

dosežene točke na eksternem preverjanju znanja,

standardized achievement test scores,

even how safe kids felt when they were at school.

ali celo to, kako varno so se počutili v šoli.

So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee

Torej ne gre le za vojaško akademijo ali tekmovanje v črkovanju,

that grit matters.

kjer je zagrizenost pomembna. Pomembna je tudi v šoli,

It's also in school,

especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

še zlasti pri otrocih, za katere obstaja veliko tveganje, da šolo pustijo.

To me, the most shocking thing about grit

Zame je najbolj šokantna plat zagrizenosti ta,

kako malo vemo,

is how little we know,

how little science knows, about building it.

oziroma, kako malo znanost ve o tem, kako jo razviti.

Vsak dan me starši in učitelji sprašujejo:

Every day, parents and teachers ask me,

"How do I build grit in kids?

"Kako naj v otrocih razvijem zagrizenost?

What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?

Kaj naj naredim, da otroke naučim dobrih delovnih navad?

How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"

Kako naj otroke obdržim motivirane na dolgi rok?"

The honest answer is,

Iskreno povedano - pojma nimam. (Smeh)

I don't know.

(Laughter)

What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.

Kar vem, je, da te talent ne naredi zagrizenega.

Our data show very clearly

Naši podatki zelo jasno kažejo,

that there are many talented individuals

da je mnogo nadarjenih posameznikov,

ki enostavno ne izpolnjuje svojih obveznosti.

who simply do not follow through on their commitments.

In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated

Pravzaprav je bila v naših podatkih zagrizenost navadno nepovezana

ali celo obratno sorazmerna s talentom.

or even inversely related to measures of talent.

So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids

Najboljša ideja o razvoju zagrizenosti v otrocih, kar sem jih slišala doslej,

is something called "growth mindset."

je nekaj po imenu "razvojna miselnost".

This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,

To je ideja, ki jo je na Univerzi v Stanfordu razvila

Carol Dweck. To je prepričanje,

and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,

da sposobnost učenja ni prirojena,

that it can change with your effort.

pač pa jo lahko izboljšamo, če se zanjo potrudimo.

Dr. Dweck has shown

Dr. Dweck je pokazala, da si otroci z branjem in učenjem

that when kids read and learn about the brain

o možganih in o tem, kako se možgani spreminjajo in rastejo,

and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,

če jih postavimo pred izzive,

they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,

večajo verjetnost, da bodo kljub padcem vztrajali,

because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

saj ne verjamejo, da je neuspeh

trajnega značaja.

"Razvojna miselnost" je torej odlično izhodišče za razvoj zagrizenosti.

So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.

But we need more.

A potrebujemo več.

And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,

In s tem zaključujem svoje misli,

because that's where we are.

kajti do sem smo prišli.

To so naloge, ki nas še čakajo.

That's the work that stands before us.

We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,

Izbrati moramo naše najboljše ideje, naše najmočnejše intuicije

and we need to test them.

in jih testirati.

We need to measure whether we've been successful,

Izmeriti moramo, če smo bili uspešni,

and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,

in pripravljeni moramo biti na neuspeh, na zmote,

to start over again with lessons learned.

da lahko s tem, kar smo se naučili, začnemo znova.

Z drugimi besedami – zagrizti moramo v to,

In other words, we need to be gritty

about getting our kids grittier.

da naredimo naše otroke bolj zagrizene.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplavz)