Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,282,371 views ・ 2013-05-09

TED


Videoni ijro etish uchun quyidagi inglizcha subtitrlarga ikki marta bosing.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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Translator: Parvina Khujaeva Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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27 yoshligimda, menejment konsaltingi
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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sohasidagi talabgir ishimni tashlab, undan-da
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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talabgir bo‘lgan boshqa ishga o‘tdim: o‘qituvchilikka. Men Nyu-Yorkga davlat
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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maktablarida 7-sinf o'quvchilariga matematikadan dars
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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berish uchun bordim.
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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Va har bir o‘qituvchi kabi, nazorat ishlari va testlar oldim.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Uyga vazifalar berdim.
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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Uy ishlari qaytib kelganda baholarni hisoblab chiqardim.
00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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Meni shu hayron qoldirdiki, mening eng yaxshi va eng yomon
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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o‘quvchilarim o‘rtasidagi yagona farq IQda emas edi.
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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Eng kuchli o‘quvchilarning ba'zilarida IQ darajasi u darajada
yuqori emas edi.
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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Eng aqlli o'quvchilarimning ba'zilari esa uncha yaxshi o‘qimayotgandi.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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Ana shu meni o‘yga toldirdi.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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7-sinf matematikasida o‘rganilishi kerak bo‘lgan mavzular,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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albatta, qiyin edi: nisbatlar, o‘nlik sanoq, parallelogrammning yuzi.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Lekin ularni tushunish imkonsiz emas edi
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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va men o‘quvchilarimning har biri
yetarlicha qattiq va uzoq vaqt o‘z ustida ishlasa, o‘quv dasturini o‘zlashtira
01:11
could learn the material
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01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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olishiga ishonchim komil edi.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Yana bir necha yil muallimlik qilganimdan keyin,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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men ta'limda biz o‘quvchilarni va o‘rganish jarayonini
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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motivatsion va psixologik nuqtai nazardan
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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ancha ko‘proq anglashimiz zarur
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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degan xulosaga keldim.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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Ta'limda biz o‘lchashni eng yaxshi eplaydiganimiz IQdir.
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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Lekin maktabda va hayotda muvaffaqiyatga erishish
01:42
depends on much more
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tez va oson o‘rganib olish qobiliyatidan
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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ancha ko‘prog‘iga bog‘liq bo‘lsachi?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Shunday qilib men sinfxonani tark etdim
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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va psixolog bo‘lish uchun magistraturaga kirdim.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Men bolalar va kattalarni barcha turdagi
01:56
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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o'ta sinovli sharoitlarda o‘rgana boshladim,
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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va har bir izlanishda mening oldimda "Bu yerda kim
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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zafar quchmoqda va nega?" degan savol turardi.
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Men tadqiqot jamoam bilan West Point harbiy bilim yurtiga bordik.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Biz kadetlardan qay
biri harbiy ta'limda
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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qolishi va qaysilari uni tashlab ketishini bashorat qilishga urindik
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Biz AQShdagi Milly Imlo Tanloviga bordik va
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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bolalardan qaysilari musobaqada uzoqroqqa borishini taxmin qilishga urundik.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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Biz ishlash juda og‘ir bo‘lgan tumanlarga dars berish uchun
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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yangi kelgan muallimlardan qaysilari shu yerda o‘qituvchiligini
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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o‘quv yili oxirigacha davom ettirarkan va
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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ulardan qaysilari o‘z o‘quvchilarining o‘zlashtirish
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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natijalarini yaxshilay olarkan deb izlandik.
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Xususiy kompaniyalar sotuvchilaridan
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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qaysilari o‘z ishlarini saqlab qolishi va kim eng ko‘p
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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pul topishini so‘rab, hamkorlik qildik.
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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Mana shu barcha turfa shart-sharoitlarda
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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bir xususiyat muvaffaqiyat bashoratlovchisi sifatida ajralib chiqdi.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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Bu ijtimoiy aql-idrok emas,
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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yaxshi tashqi ko‘rinish, jismoniy tetiklik emas,
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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va IQ ham emas edi.
02:59
It was grit.
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Bu matonat edi.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Matonat - bu juda uzoq muddatli maqsadlar uchun ishtiyoq va tirishqoqlikka
ega bo‘lishdir.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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Matonat bu qat'iyatli bo‘lish demak.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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Matonat - kelajakdagi maqsadlarga sodiq bo‘lish demakdir, kundan kunga,
shunchaki bir hafta emas, shunchaki bir oy emas, balki yillar davomida
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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03:16
but for years,
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03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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va o‘sha kelajakni ro‘yobga chiqarish
uchun jon-jahdi bilan ishlash matonatdir.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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Matonat hayotni sprintdagidek emas, marafondagidek yashab o‘tishdir.
Bir necha yillar oldin, men Chikagodagi davlat maktablarida matonatni
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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tadqiq qila boshladim.
Men minglab bitiruvchi sinfidagilardan
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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matonat so‘rovnomalarini to‘ldirishni so‘radim va
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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kim bitirishini ko‘rish uchun bir
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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yildan oshiqroq vaqt poyladim.
Ma'lum bo‘ldiki, matonatliroq bolalarning maktabni
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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bitirish ehtimoli sezilarli darajada yuqori ekan.
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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Hattoki men hisoblashim mumkin bo‘lgan har bir
xususiyatlar, masalan, oilasining daromadi, standartlashtirilgan
03:50
things like family income,
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o‘zlashtirish imtihon baholari, hatto bolalar
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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maktabligida qanchalik o‘zini xavfsiz his qilishini solishtirib ko‘rganimda ham.
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Demak, matonat faqatgina harbiy bilim yurti yoki Milliy
04:02
that grit matters.
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Imlo Tanlovidagina katta ahamiyatga ega emas.
04:03
It's also in school,
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U maktablarda ham muhim,
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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ayniqsa o‘qishni tashlash xavfi bor bolalar uchun.
Matonatni tadqiq qilib, uni shakllantirish haqida
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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biz qanchalik oz bilishimiz, ilm-fanga qanchalik oz ma'lumligi
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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meni eng hayratga solgan narsa bo‘ldi. Har kuni mendan
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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ota-onalar va
o‘qituvchilar
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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so‘rashadi: "Bolalarda qanday qilib matonatni shakllantiraman?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Ularga mustahkam ish o'rgatish uchun nima qilishim kerak?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Ularning motivatsiyasini uzoq vaqtga qanday ushlab tursa bo‘ladi?"
04:27
The honest answer is,
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Ochiqchasiga javob bersam,
04:29
I don't know.
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Men bilmayman.
04:30
(Laughter)
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(Kulgi)
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Biladiganim shuki, iqtidor sizni matonatli qilib qo‘ymaydi.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Bizdagi ma'lumotlar aniq-ravshan qilib shuni
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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ko‘rsatadiki, o‘z majburiyatlarini ado
etishda sobitqadam bo‘lmagan ko‘p iqtidor egalari bor.
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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Aslida, bizdagi ma'lumotlarda matonat iqtidor
o‘lchovlariga odatda bog‘liq emas, yoki hatto ziddir.
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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Shu paytgacha bolalarda matonatni shakllantirish bo‘yicha eshitganlarimning
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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eng zo‘ri "growth mindset", ya'ni o‘sishga moyil qarashdir.
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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Bu Stenford Universitetida Karol Dvek tomonidan yaratilgan g‘oya bo‘lib,
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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o‘rganish qobiliyati turg‘un emas, uni o‘z
sa'y-harakatlaringiz bilan o‘zgar- tirishingiz mumkinligiga ishonishdir.
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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Doktor Dvek shuni ko‘rsatdiki,
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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bolalar miya va uning qiyinchiliklarga javoban o‘zgarishi va rivojlanishi
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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haqida o‘qib, o‘rganar ekanlar, muvaffaqiyatsizlikka
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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uchraganlarida shunchalik tirishadilarki,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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chunki ular muvaffaqiyatsizlikni doimiy holat emasligiga ishonadilar.
Shunday qilib "o‘sishga moyil qarash" matonatni shakllantirish uchun ajoyib g‘oya.
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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Lekin bizga bundan ko‘prog‘i kerak.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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Shu yerda esa men o‘z xulosalarimni tugataman,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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sababi biz xali shu joyidamiz.
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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Oldimizda shunday ish turibdi-da.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Biz o‘zimizning eng yaxshi g‘oyalarimiz va eng kuchli
intuitsiyalarimizni sinashimiz zarur.
05:44
and we need to test them.
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05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Ishimiz omadli chiqqani yo chiqmaganini aniqlashimiz,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrash, xato qilishga va yana
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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qaytadan boshlashga tayyor bo‘lishimiz lozim.
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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Boshqacha qilib aytganda, biz bolalarimizni matonatliroq
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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qilish uchun matonatliroq bo‘lishimiz kerak.
06:02
Thank you.
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Rahmat.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Qarsaklar)
Ushbu veb-sayt haqida

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