Grit: the power of passion and perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Translator: Parvina Khujaeva Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

When I was 27 years old,

27 yoshligimda, menejment konsaltingi

I left a very demanding job in management consulting

sohasidagi talabgir ishimni tashlab, undan-da

for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.

talabgir bo‘lgan boshqa ishga o‘tdim: o‘qituvchilikka. Men Nyu-Yorkga davlat

I went to teach seventh graders math

maktablarida 7-sinf o'quvchilariga matematikadan dars

in the New York City public schools.

berish uchun bordim.

And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.

Va har bir o‘qituvchi kabi, nazorat ishlari va testlar oldim.

I gave out homework assignments.

Uyga vazifalar berdim.

When the work came back, I calculated grades.

Uy ishlari qaytib kelganda baholarni hisoblab chiqardim.

What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference

Meni shu hayron qoldirdiki, mening eng yaxshi va eng yomon

between my best and my worst students.

o‘quvchilarim o‘rtasidagi yagona farq IQda emas edi.

Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.

Eng kuchli o‘quvchilarning ba'zilarida IQ darajasi u darajada

yuqori emas edi.

Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.

Eng aqlli o'quvchilarimning ba'zilari esa uncha yaxshi o‘qimayotgandi.

And that got me thinking.

Ana shu meni o‘yga toldirdi.

The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,

7-sinf matematikasida o‘rganilishi kerak bo‘lgan mavzular,

sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.

albatta, qiyin edi: nisbatlar, o‘nlik sanoq, parallelogrammning yuzi.

But these concepts are not impossible,

Lekin ularni tushunish imkonsiz emas edi

and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students

va men o‘quvchilarimning har biri

yetarlicha qattiq va uzoq vaqt o‘z ustida ishlasa, o‘quv dasturini o‘zlashtira

could learn the material

if they worked hard and long enough.

olishiga ishonchim komil edi.

After several more years of teaching,

Yana bir necha yil muallimlik qilganimdan keyin,

I came to the conclusion that what we need in education

men ta'limda biz o‘quvchilarni va o‘rganish jarayonini

is a much better understanding of students and learning

motivatsion va psixologik nuqtai nazardan

from a motivational perspective,

ancha ko‘proq anglashimiz zarur

from a psychological perspective.

degan xulosaga keldim.

In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.

Ta'limda biz o‘lchashni eng yaxshi eplaydiganimiz IQdir.

But what if doing well in school and in life

Lekin maktabda va hayotda muvaffaqiyatga erishish

depends on much more

tez va oson o‘rganib olish qobiliyatidan

than your ability to learn quickly and easily?

ancha ko‘prog‘iga bog‘liq bo‘lsachi?

So I left the classroom,

Shunday qilib men sinfxonani tark etdim

and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.

va psixolog bo‘lish uchun magistraturaga kirdim.

I started studying kids and adults

Men bolalar va kattalarni barcha turdagi

in all kinds of super challenging settings,

o'ta sinovli sharoitlarda o‘rgana boshladim,

and in every study my question was,

va har bir izlanishda mening oldimda "Bu yerda kim

who is successful here and why?

zafar quchmoqda va nega?" degan savol turardi.

My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.

Men tadqiqot jamoam bilan West Point harbiy bilim yurtiga bordik.

We tried to predict which cadets

Biz kadetlardan qay

biri harbiy ta'limda

would stay in military training and which would drop out.

qolishi va qaysilari uni tashlab ketishini bashorat qilishga urindik

We went to the National Spelling Bee

Biz AQShdagi Milly Imlo Tanloviga bordik va

and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.

bolalardan qaysilari musobaqada uzoqroqqa borishini taxmin qilishga urundik.

We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,

Biz ishlash juda og‘ir bo‘lgan tumanlarga dars berish uchun

asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching

yangi kelgan muallimlardan qaysilari shu yerda o‘qituvchiligini

by the end of the school year,

o‘quv yili oxirigacha davom ettirarkan va

and of those, who will be the most effective

ulardan qaysilari o‘z o‘quvchilarining o‘zlashtirish

at improving learning outcomes for their students?

natijalarini yaxshilay olarkan deb izlandik.

We partnered with private companies, asking,

Xususiy kompaniyalar sotuvchilaridan

which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?

qaysilari o‘z ishlarini saqlab qolishi va kim eng ko‘p

And who's going to earn the most money?

pul topishini so‘rab, hamkorlik qildik.

In all those very different contexts,

Mana shu barcha turfa shart-sharoitlarda

one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.

bir xususiyat muvaffaqiyat bashoratlovchisi sifatida ajralib chiqdi.

And it wasn't social intelligence.

Bu ijtimoiy aql-idrok emas,

It wasn't good looks, physical health,

yaxshi tashqi ko‘rinish, jismoniy tetiklik emas,

and it wasn't IQ.

va IQ ham emas edi.

It was grit.

Bu matonat edi.

Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.

Matonat - bu juda uzoq muddatli maqsadlar uchun ishtiyoq va tirishqoqlikka

ega bo‘lishdir.

Grit is having stamina.

Matonat bu qat'iyatli bo‘lish demak.

Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,

Matonat - kelajakdagi maqsadlarga sodiq bo‘lish demakdir, kundan kunga,

shunchaki bir hafta emas, shunchaki bir oy emas, balki yillar davomida

not just for the week, not just for the month,

but for years,

and working really hard to make that future a reality.

va o‘sha kelajakni ro‘yobga chiqarish

uchun jon-jahdi bilan ishlash matonatdir.

Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.

Matonat hayotni sprintdagidek emas, marafondagidek yashab o‘tishdir.

Bir necha yillar oldin, men Chikagodagi davlat maktablarida matonatni

A few years ago,

I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.

tadqiq qila boshladim.

Men minglab bitiruvchi sinfidagilardan

I asked thousands of high school juniors

matonat so‘rovnomalarini to‘ldirishni so‘radim va

to take grit questionnaires,

and then waited around more than a year

kim bitirishini ko‘rish uchun bir

to see who would graduate.

yildan oshiqroq vaqt poyladim.

Ma'lum bo‘ldiki, matonatliroq bolalarning maktabni

Turns out that grittier kids

were significantly more likely to graduate,

bitirish ehtimoli sezilarli darajada yuqori ekan.

even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,

Hattoki men hisoblashim mumkin bo‘lgan har bir

xususiyatlar, masalan, oilasining daromadi, standartlashtirilgan

things like family income,

o‘zlashtirish imtihon baholari, hatto bolalar

standardized achievement test scores,

maktabligida qanchalik o‘zini xavfsiz his qilishini solishtirib ko‘rganimda ham.

even how safe kids felt when they were at school.

So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee

Demak, matonat faqatgina harbiy bilim yurti yoki Milliy

that grit matters.

Imlo Tanlovidagina katta ahamiyatga ega emas.

It's also in school,

U maktablarda ham muhim,

especially for kids at risk for dropping out.

ayniqsa o‘qishni tashlash xavfi bor bolalar uchun.

Matonatni tadqiq qilib, uni shakllantirish haqida

To me, the most shocking thing about grit

biz qanchalik oz bilishimiz, ilm-fanga qanchalik oz ma'lumligi

is how little we know,

how little science knows, about building it.

meni eng hayratga solgan narsa bo‘ldi. Har kuni mendan

Every day, parents and teachers ask me,

ota-onalar va

o‘qituvchilar

"How do I build grit in kids?

so‘rashadi: "Bolalarda qanday qilib matonatni shakllantiraman?

What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?

Ularga mustahkam ish o'rgatish uchun nima qilishim kerak?

How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"

Ularning motivatsiyasini uzoq vaqtga qanday ushlab tursa bo‘ladi?"

The honest answer is,

Ochiqchasiga javob bersam,

I don't know.

Men bilmayman.

(Laughter)

(Kulgi)

What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.

Biladiganim shuki, iqtidor sizni matonatli qilib qo‘ymaydi.

Our data show very clearly

Bizdagi ma'lumotlar aniq-ravshan qilib shuni

that there are many talented individuals

ko‘rsatadiki, o‘z majburiyatlarini ado

etishda sobitqadam bo‘lmagan ko‘p iqtidor egalari bor.

who simply do not follow through on their commitments.

In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated

Aslida, bizdagi ma'lumotlarda matonat iqtidor

o‘lchovlariga odatda bog‘liq emas, yoki hatto ziddir.

or even inversely related to measures of talent.

Shu paytgacha bolalarda matonatni shakllantirish bo‘yicha eshitganlarimning

So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids

is something called "growth mindset."

eng zo‘ri "growth mindset", ya'ni o‘sishga moyil qarashdir.

This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,

Bu Stenford Universitetida Karol Dvek tomonidan yaratilgan g‘oya bo‘lib,

and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,

o‘rganish qobiliyati turg‘un emas, uni o‘z

sa'y-harakatlaringiz bilan o‘zgar- tirishingiz mumkinligiga ishonishdir.

that it can change with your effort.

Dr. Dweck has shown

Doktor Dvek shuni ko‘rsatdiki,

that when kids read and learn about the brain

bolalar miya va uning qiyinchiliklarga javoban o‘zgarishi va rivojlanishi

and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,

haqida o‘qib, o‘rganar ekanlar, muvaffaqiyatsizlikka

they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,

uchraganlarida shunchalik tirishadilarki,

because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.

chunki ular muvaffaqiyatsizlikni doimiy holat emasligiga ishonadilar.

Shunday qilib "o‘sishga moyil qarash" matonatni shakllantirish uchun ajoyib g‘oya.

So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.

But we need more.

Lekin bizga bundan ko‘prog‘i kerak.

And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,

Shu yerda esa men o‘z xulosalarimni tugataman,

because that's where we are.

sababi biz xali shu joyidamiz.

That's the work that stands before us.

Oldimizda shunday ish turibdi-da.

We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,

Biz o‘zimizning eng yaxshi g‘oyalarimiz va eng kuchli

intuitsiyalarimizni sinashimiz zarur.

and we need to test them.

We need to measure whether we've been successful,

Ishimiz omadli chiqqani yo chiqmaganini aniqlashimiz,

and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,

muvaffaqiyatsizlikka uchrash, xato qilishga va yana

to start over again with lessons learned.

qaytadan boshlashga tayyor bo‘lishimiz lozim.

In other words, we need to be gritty

Boshqacha qilib aytganda, biz bolalarimizni matonatliroq

about getting our kids grittier.

qilish uchun matonatliroq bo‘lishimiz kerak.

Thank you.

Rahmat.

(Applause)

(Qarsaklar)