Grit: The Power of Passion and Perseverance | Angela Lee Duckworth | TED

15,418,629 views ใƒป 2013-05-09

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Gad Amit ืžื‘ืงืจ: Ido Dekkers
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืช 27,
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ืžืชืคืงื™ื“ ื“ื•ืจืฉื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืขื•ืฅ ื ื™ื”ื•ืœื™
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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ืœืชืคืงื™ื“ ืžืืชื’ืจ ืขื•ื“ ื™ื•ืชืจ: ื”ื•ืจืื”.
ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื“ ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื” ืœื›ื™ืชื” ื–'
00:23
I went to teach seventh graders math
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00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ื”ืกืคืจ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
ื•ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืžื•ืจื” ืขืจื›ืชื™ ื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื.
00:28
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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ื ืชืชื™ ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืช.
ื›ืฉื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื•ืช ื—ื–ืจื•, ื—ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฆื™ื•ื ื™ื.
00:33
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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00:36
What struck me was that IQ was not the only difference
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ืžื” ืฉื”ืคืชื™ืข ืื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉืžื ืช ืžืฉื›ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื•ื•ืชื” ืืช ื”ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ืจื•ืขื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ.
ืœื›ืžื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
00:45
Some of my strongest performers did not have stratospheric IQ scores.
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ืœื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžื ืช ืžืฉื›ืœ ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื”.
ื•ื›ืžื” ืžืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื›ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ื›ืœ ื›ืš.
00:50
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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00:54
And that got me thinking.
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ื•ื–ื” ื’ืจื ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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ื™ืœื“ื™ ื›ื™ืชื” ื–' ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืงืฉื™ื ื‘ืžืชืžื˜ื™ืงื”
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals, the area of a parallelogram.
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ื™ื—ืกื™ื, ืžืกืคืจื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ื ื™ื™ื, ืฉื˜ื—ื™ื.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืชื—ื•ืžื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื‘ืœืชื™ ืืคืฉืจื™ื™ื,
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขืช ืฉื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ืฉืœื™
01:11
could learn the material
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ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ
ืื ื”ื•ื ื™ืขื‘ื•ื“ ืงืฉื” ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื–ืžืŸ.
01:14
if they worked hard and long enough.
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01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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ืœืื—ืจ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ื”ื•ืจืื”,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืžื” ืฉืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
ื–ื” ื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื•ืœื™ืžื•ื“
01:23
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื”,
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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ื•ืžื”ื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ื”ืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best is IQ.
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ื‘ื—ื™ื ื•ืš, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ื˜ื•ื‘
ื–ื” ืžื ืช ื”ืžืฉื›ืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ื‘ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื ื•ื‘ื—ื™ื™ื
01:38
But what if doing well in school and in life
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01:42
depends on much more
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ืชืœื•ื™ื” ื‘ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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ืžื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืฉืœืš ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžื”ืจ ื•ื‘ืงืœื•ืช?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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ื›ืš ืฉืขื–ื‘ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื›ื™ืชื”,
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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ื•ื”ืœื›ืชื™ ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ ืชื•ืืจ ืฉื ื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœืคืกื™ื›ื•ืœื•ื’ื™ืช.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืขืœ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื•ืžื‘ื•ื’ืจื™ื
ื‘ื›ืœ ืžื™ื ื™ ืืชื’ืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื
01:56
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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01:58
and in every study my question was,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ื”ืฉืืœื” ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื”,
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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ืžื™ ื›ืืŸ ื”ืžืฆืœื™ื— ื•ืœืžื”?
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ืฉืœื™ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ืœื›ื ื• ืœืืงื“ืžื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ื™ื ื˜.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื ืžื™ ืžื”ืฆื•ืขืจื™ื
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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ื™ืฉืืจ ื‘ืื™ืžื•ื ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ื ื•ืžื™ ื™ืคืจื•ืฉ.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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ื™ืฆืื ื• ืœืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance farthest in competition.
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ื•ื ื™ืกื™ื ื• ืœื ื‘ื ืžื™ ืžื”ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื ื™ืชืงื“ื
ืœืฉืœื‘ื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช
02:21
We studied rookie teachers working in really tough neighborhoods,
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ืœืžื“ื ื• ืขืœ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื
ืฉืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื›ื•ื ื•ืช ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื•ืช, ืฉืืœื ื•
02:25
asking which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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ืืœื• ืžื•ืจื™ื ื™ืฉืจื“ื• ื›ืืŸ ื›ืžื•ืจื™ื
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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ื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืฉื ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ื,
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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ื•ืžืืœื• ืฉืฉืจื“ื•, ืžื™ ื™ื”ื™ื• ื”ื™ืขื™ืœื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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ืฉื™ืฉืคืจื• ื‘ืคื•ืขืœ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื™ืื•ืช ื”ืœื™ืžื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ื”ื?
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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ื”ืชื—ื‘ืจื ื• ืœื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืคืจื˜ื™ื•ืช, ืฉืืœื ื•,
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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ืžื™ ืžืชื•ืš ืื ืฉื™ ื”ืžื›ื™ืจื•ืช ื™ืžืฉื™ืš ื‘ืชืคืงื™ื“ื•?
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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ื•ืžื™ ื™ืจื•ื•ื™ื— ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืกืฃ?
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืชื›ื ื™ื ื”ืžืื“ ืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืœืœื•,
02:47
one characteristic emerged as a significant predictor of success.
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ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืื—ื“ ื”ืชื’ืœื”
ื›ืžื ื‘ื ื”ืฆืœื—ื” ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืื™ื ื˜ืœื’ื ืฆื™ื” ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ืช.
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health,
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ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžืจืื” ื™ืคื”, ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืคื™ืกื™ืช, ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื ืช ืžืฉื›ืœ
02:57
and it wasn't IQ.
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02:59
It was grit.
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ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื”ื˜ ื•ืกื™ื‘ื•ืœืช ืœืžื™ืžื•ืฉ ืžื˜ืจื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื•ืช ื˜ื•ื•ื— ืžืื“.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื—ื™ื•ื‘ื™ืช.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืชื—ื‘ืจ ืœืขืชื™ื“ืš, ื™ื•ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ื•ื,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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ืœื ืจืง ืœืฉื‘ื•ืข, ืœื ืจืง ืœื—ื•ื“ืฉ,
03:16
but for years,
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ืืœื” ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืงืฉื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ืฉื ื™ื ืจื‘ื•ืช,
03:18
and working really hard to make that future a reality.
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ืœืžืžืฉ ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืœืžืฆื™ืื•ืช.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื–ื” ืœื—ื™ื•ืช ืืช ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื›ืžืจืชื•ืŸ, ืœื ืžืจื•ืฅ ืžื”ื™ืจ.
ืœืคื ื™ ืžืกืคืจ ืฉื ื™ื, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช
03:28
A few years ago,
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03:29
I started studying grit in the Chicago public schools.
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ื‘ื‘ืชื™ ืกืคืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืงืื’ื•.
ื‘ืงืฉื ื• ืžืืœืคื™ ืชืœืžื™ื“ื™ ืชื™ื›ื•ืŸ
03:33
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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ืœืขื ื•ืช ืขืœ ืฉืืœื•ื ื™ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช,
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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ื•ืื– ื—ื›ื™ื ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืฉื ื”
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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ืœืจืื•ืช ืžื™ ื™ืกื™ื™ื.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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ืžืชื‘ืจืจ ืฉื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื’ื‘ื•ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœืกื™ื™ื,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืฉื•ื•ืชื™ ืื•ืชื ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืืคื™ื™ืŸ ืืคืฉืจื™ ื”ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื“ื”
03:50
things like family income,
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ื ื•ืฉืื™ื ื›ืžื• ื’ื•ื‘ื” ืžืฉื›ื•ืจืช,
ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ืžื‘ื—ื ื™ื ื‘ื”ืฉื’ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื™ื,
03:53
standardized achievement test scores,
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03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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ืืคื™ืœื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื—ืฉื™ื ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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ื›ืš ืฉื–ื” ืœื ืจืง ื‘ื•ื•ืกื˜ ืคื•ื™ื ื˜ ืื• ื‘ืชื—ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืื•ืžื™ืช
04:02
that grit matters.
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ืฉื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ืช. ื–ื” ื’ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ืกืคืจ,
04:03
It's also in school,
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04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœื™ืœื“ื™ื ื‘ืกื™ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื-ืœืกื™ื™ื.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื™, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืžื”ืžื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช
ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื,
04:12
is how little we know,
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04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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ื›ืžื” ืžืขื˜ ื”ืžื“ืข ื™ื•ื“ืข, ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื•ืจื™ื ื•ืžื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื ืื•ืชื™,
04:17
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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ืžื” ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื“ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืจื’ืœื™ ืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืืชื™ื?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœืฉืžืจ ืืช ื”ืžื•ื˜ื™ื‘ืฆื™ื” ืฉืœื”ื ืœืชืงื•ืคื” ืืจื•ื›ื”?"
04:27
The honest answer is,
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื›ื ื” ื”ื™ื, ืื ื™ ืœื ื™ื•ื“ืขืช. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
04:29
I don't know.
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04:30
(Laughter)
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04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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ืžื” ืฉืื ื™ ื›ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชืš ืœื ื—ื•ืฉ.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ืžืจืื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื‘ืจื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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ืฉื™ืฉ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืคืจื˜ื™ื ื‘ืจื™ ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ
ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื ืžื‘ืฆืขื™ื ืืช ื”ืชื—ื™ื‘ื•ื™ื•ืชื™ื”ื
04:40
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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ื‘ืขืฆื, ื‘ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื ื•, ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ืœื ืงืฉื•ืจื”
ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื”ืคื•ื›ื” ืœืžื“ื™ื“ืช ื›ื™ืฉืจื•ืŸ
04:48
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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ืขื“ ื›ื”, ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืงื‘ืœืชื™ ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช ื‘ื™ืœื“ื™ื
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื ืงืจื "ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”" .
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University by Carol Dweck,
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ื–ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืคื•ืชื— ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืช ืกื˜ื ืคื•ืจื“
ืข"ื™ ืงืจื•ืœ ื“ืžืืง, ื•ื–ื• ื”ืืžื•ื ื”
05:03
and it is the belief that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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ืฉื”ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ื ื” ืงื‘ื•ืขื”,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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ืฉื”ื™ื ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืžืืžืฅ.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown
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ื“ืจ' ื“ืžืืง ื”ืจืืชื” ืฉื›ืืฉืจ ื™ืœื“ื™ื ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื•ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื
05:12
that when kids read and learn about the brain
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ืขืœ ื”ืžื•ื— ื•ื›ื™ืฆื“ ื”ื•ื ืžืฉืชื ื” ื•ื’ื•ื“ืœ
05:15
and how it changes and grows in response to challenge,
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ื‘ืชื’ื•ื‘ื” ืœืืชื’ืจ,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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ื”ื ื™ื”ื™ื• ืขืงื‘ื™ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื’ื ืžื•ืœ ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure is a permanent condition.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื ืœื ืžืืžื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื›ื™ืฉืœื•ืŸ
ื›ืžืฆื‘ ืงื‘ื•ืข.
ื›ืš ืฉ "ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื”ื’ื™ืฉื”" ื”ื™ื ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืžืฆื•ื™ื ืช ืœื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืช.
05:29
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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05:32
But we need more.
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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ื•ื‘ื–ืืช ืืกื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขืจืชื™,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื–ื” ืื™ืคื” ืฉืื ื• ื ืžืฆืื™ื.
ื–ืืช ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉื ืฆื‘ืช ืœืคื ื™ื ื•.
05:38
That's the work that stands before us.
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05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื—ืช ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื˜ื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœื ื•, ืชื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ื”ื‘ื˜ืŸ ื”ื—ื–ืงื•ืช
05:44
and we need to test them.
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ื•ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื‘ื“ื•ืง ืื•ืชื.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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ืื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืื ืื ื• ืžืฆืœื™ื—ื™ื,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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ื•ืื ื• ื ื“ืจืฉื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžื•ื›ื ื™ื ืœื›ืฉืœื•ืŸ, ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื˜ืขื•ื™ื•ืช,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขื ื”ืฉื™ืขื•ืจ ืฉื ืœืžื“.
ื‘ืžื™ืœื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื—ื•ืฉื™ื
05:56
In other words, we need to be gritty
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05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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ืœื’ื‘ื™ ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ื ื—ื™ืฉื•ืชื ืฉืœ ื™ืœื“ื ื•.
06:02
Thank you.
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”.
06:03
(Applause)
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(ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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